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| 1 | Use of Teriparatide to improve fracture healing: What is the evidence?显示文摘Teriparatide is a recombinant form of the biologicallyactive component of Parathyroid hormone. It has been shown to increase bone mass and prevent fractures in osteoporotic bone. It is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Osteoporosis. Over the last decade, a growing body of evidence has accumulated suggesting a role for Teriparatide in the management of fractures. Studies in both normal and delayed healing models have shown improvement in callus volume and mineralisation, bone mineral content, rate of successful union and strength at fracture sites. However most of these results have been derived from animal studies. The majority of this research on humans has comprised low level evidence, with few randomised controlled trials, many case reports and case series. Nevertheless, the results from these studies seem to support research from animal models. This has led to a growing number of clinicians using Teriparatide 'off license' to treat fractures and non-unions in their patients. This review presents a critical appraisal of the current evidence supporting the use of Teriparatide for fracture healing, delayed unions and non unions and in the setting of osteoporotic fractures, the studies producing this evidence and their transferability to human beings. | Satish Babu Nemandra A Sandiford Mark Vrahas | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，6： | 5 |
| 2 | Fracture pattern and fixation type related to loss of reduction in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures显示文摘 | Michael J. Weaver Mitchel B. Harris Adam C. Strom R. Malcolm Smith David Lhowe David Zurakowski Mark S. Vrahas | 2011 | Injury2011，，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Nonoperative versus prophylactic treatment of bisphosphonate-associated femoral stress fractures显示文摘 | Banffy MB Vrahas MS Ready JE | 2011 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2011，469，： | 1 |
| 4 | The orthopaedic implications of diphosphonate therapy 显示文摘 | Weaver M J Miller MA Vrahas MS | 2010 | J Am Acad Orthop Surg2010，18，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Pressure volume characteristics of the intact and disrupted pelvic retroperitoneum 显示文摘 | Grimm MR Vrahas MS Thomas KA | 1998 | J Trauma1998，44，3： | 1 |
| 6 | The effects of simulated transverse, anterior column,and posterior column fractures of the acetabulum on the stability of the hip joint显示文摘 | Vrahas MS Widding KK Thomas KA | 1999 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1999，81，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Review of the pathophysiology and acute management of haemorrhage in pelvic fracture 显示文摘 | Dyer GS Vrahas MS | 2006 | Injury2006，7，： | 1 |
| 8 | Evaluation of hip stability after simulated transvers acetabulum fractures 显示文摘 | Thomas KA Vrahas MS Nobel JW | 1997 | Clin Orthop Re- lat Res1997，，340： | 1 |
| 9 | Pressure-volume characteristics of the intact and disrupted pelvic retroperitoneum显示文摘 | Grimm MR Vrahas MS Thomas KA | 1998 | J Trauma1998，44，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The ortho- paedic implications of diphosphonate therapy 显示文摘 | Weaver MJ Miller MA Vrahas MS | 2010 | J Am Acad Orthop Surg2010，18，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Revfiew of the pathophysiology and acute management of haemprrhage in pelvic fracture 显示文摘 | Dyer CS Vrahas DR | 2006 | Injury2006，37，： | 1 |
| 12 | Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and nonunion of humeral shaft fractures显示文摘 | Bhattacharyya T Levin R Vrahas M S | 2005 | Arthritis Rheum2005，53，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Perioperative lower urinary tract infections and deep sepsis in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty显示文摘 | Vrahas MS | 2000 | Am Acad Orthop Surg2000，8，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Clinical spectrum of acute compartment syndrome of the thigh and its relation to associated injuries显示文摘 | Mithofer K Lhowe DW Vrahas MS | 2004 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2004，，425： | 1 |
| 15 | Review of the pathophysiology and acute manage- ment ofhaemorrhage in pelvic fracture显示文摘 | Dyer GS Vrahas MS | 2006 | Injury2006，37，： | 1 |
| 16 | Review of the pathophysiology and a- cute management of haemorrhage in pelvic fracture 显示文摘 | DYER GS VRAHAS MS | 2006 | Injury2006，37，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Intraarticular contact stresses with simula- ted ankle malunions显示文摘 | Vrahas M Fu F Veenis B | 1994 | J Orthop Trauma1994，8，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Arthroscopic mall-- agement of tibial plateau fractures: an unselected series 显示文摘 | MAZOUE CG GUANCHE CA VRAHAS MS | 1999 | Am J Orthop1999，28，： | 1 |
| 19 | The Posterior Shearing Tibial Plateau Fracture: Treatment and Results via a Posterior Approach显示文摘 | Timothy Bhattacharyya L Pearce McCarty Mitchell B Harris Suzanne M Morrison John J Wixted Mark S Vrahas R Malcolm Smith | 2005 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2005，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Functonal outcome after acute compartment syndrome of the thigh 显示文摘 | Mithoefer K Lhowe D W Vrahas M S | 2006 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2006，88，4： | 1 |
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