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| 1 | Endoscopic botox injections in therapy of refractory gastroparesis显示文摘Gastroparesis(GP) is a common disease seen in gastroenterology practice particularly in western countries, and it may be underdiagnosed. The available drug therapies for this condition are quite disappointing. Botulinum toxin type A(BT) has been found to be effective therapy in various spastic disorders of smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract. However, the benefits of BT injections in GP have been unclear. Several retrospective and open label studies have shown clinical advantages of intrapyloric Botulinum toxin type A injections, while two small randomized trials did not show positive results. Therefore, the available published studies yielded conflicting results leading to fading out of botox therapy for GP. We recognize possible clinical benefit of BT injections without any disadvantages of this treatment. We are calling for revisiting the endoscopy guided botox therapy in refractory GP. In this review we discuss important features of these studies pointing out differences in results among them. Differences in patient selection, doses and method of administration of botox toxin in the prior studies may be the cause of conflicting results. The mechanism of action, indications, efficacy and side-effects of BT are reviewed. Finally, we recognize limited evidence to recommend BT in GP and calling attention for future research in this field since no advances in drug management had been made in the last two decades. | Andrew Ukleja Kanwarpreet Tandon Kinchit Shah Alicia Alvarez | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Outcome of patients with radiation enteritis treated with home parenteral nutrition显示文摘 | James S Scolapio Andrzej Ukleja Jan U Burnes Darlene G Kelly | 2002 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2002，，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Outcome of patients with radiation enteritis treated with home parenteral nutrition 显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Ukleja A Burnes JU | 2002 | Am J Gastroenterol2002，97，： | 1 |
| 4 | Standards for nutrition support: adult hospitalized patients nutrition in clinical practice 显示文摘 | Ukleja A Freeman KL Gilbert K | 2010 | Nutr Clin Pract August2010，25，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Out come of patients with radiationsenteritis treated with home parenteral nurtrition 显示文摘 | Scolapio JR Ukleja Aburnes JU | 2002 | Am J Gastroenterol2002，97，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Standards for nutrition 显示文摘 | Ukleja A Freeman KL Gilbert K support : adult hospitalized patients | 2010 | Nutr Clin Pract2010，25，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Standards for nutrition support:adult hospitalized patients显示文摘 | Ukleja A Freeman KL Gilbert K | 2010 | Nutr Clin Pract2010，25，4： | 1 |
| 8 | CASE REPORT: Lichen Planus Involving the Esophagus显示文摘 | Andrzej Ukleja Kenneth R. DeVault Mark E. Stark Sami R. Achem | 2001 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2001，，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Altered GI motility in critically ill patients:current understanding of pathophysiology,clinical impact,and diagnostic approach显示文摘 | Ukleja A | 2010 | Nutr Clin Pract2010，25，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Altered GI motility in critically Ill patients:current understanding of pathophysiology,clinical impact,and diagnostic approach显示文摘 | Ukleja A | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 11 | Nutrition supplementation in pa- tients with acute and chronic panereatitis显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Malhi-Chowla N Ukleja A | 1999 | Gastronterol Clin North Am1999，28，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Nutrition supplementation in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Malhi-Chowla N Ukleja A | 1999 | Gastroenterol Clin North Am1999，28，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Outcome of patients with radiation enteritis treated with home parenteral nutrition 显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Ukleja A Burnes JU | 2002 | Am J Gastroenterol2002，97，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Nutrition supplementationin patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Malhi-Chowla N Ukleja A | 1999 | GastroenterologyClinics of North America1999，28，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Nutrition supplementation in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis 显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Malhi-Chowla N Ukleja A | 1999 | Gastroenterod Clin North Am1999，28，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Outcome of patients with radiation enteritis treated with home parenteral nutrition 显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Ukleja A Burnes JU | 2002 | Am J Gastroentero12002，97，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Outcome of patients with radia- tion enteritis treted with home parenteral nutrition 显示文摘 | Scolapio JS Ukleja A Burness JU | 2002 | Am J Gastroen- terol2002，97，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Altered GI motility in critically ill pa- tients : current understanding of pathophysiolo- gy, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach 显示文摘 | Ukleja A | 2010 | Nutr Clin Pract2010，25，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Outcome of patients withradiation enteritis treated with home parenteral nutrition显示文摘 | Soolapio JS Ukleja A Bumess JU | 2002 | AmJ Gastroenterol2002，97，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation of strictures after laparoscopic gastric bypass显示文摘 | Andrew Ukleja Bianca B. Afonso Ronnie Pimentel Samuel Szomstein Raul Rosenthal | 2008 | Surgical Endoscopy2008，，8： | 1 |
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