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| 1 | Gut bless you:The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common clinical label for medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms,recently described as a disturbance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Despite decades of research,the pathophysiology of this highly heterogeneous disorder remains elusive.However,a dramatic change in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms surfaced when the importance of gut microbiota protruded the scientific picture.Are we getting any closer to understanding IBS’etiology,or are we drowning in unspecific,conflicting data because we possess limited tools to unravel the cluster of secrets our gut microbiota is concealing?In this comprehensive review we are discussing some of the major important features of IBS and their interaction with gut microbiota,clinical microbiota-altering treatment such as the low FODMAP diet and fecal microbiota transplantation,neuroimaging and methods in microbiota analyses,and current and future challenges with big data analysis in IBS. | Eline Margrete Randulff Hillestad Aina van der Meeren Bharat Halandur Nagaraja Ben RenéBjørsvik Noman Haleem Alfonso Benitez-Paez Yolanda Sanz Trygve Hausken Gülen Arslan Lied Arvid Lundervold Birgitte Berentsen | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，4： | 15 |
| 2 | Gastric accommodation assessed by ultrasonography显示文摘胃的住所为在机能性消化不良的病理生理学的理解是重要的并且为在另外的混乱的症状产生也是相关的。术语胃的住所有至少三个不同意思:住所过程,调节反射,和住所反应。胃的住所过程是描述胃的分隔空间的尺寸怎么响应饭变化的复杂现象。电子 barostat 在估计胃的住所被认为标准答案。成像方法,包括的 MRI, SPECT,和 ultrasonography 可以也被使用,特别地在压力应答的病人,例如机能性消化不良病人,因为一个非侵略、不太导致压力的方法是赞成的。Ultrasonography 满足它不由自己弄歪的这些标准在压力应答的个人的生理的反应。 | Odd Helge Gilja Johan Lunding Trygve Hausken Hans Gregersen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 12 |
| 3 | Is irritable bowel syndrome an organic disorder?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is generally considered to be functional because there appears to be no associated anatomical defect.Stress and psychological factors are thought to play an important role in IBS.The gut neuroendocrine system(NES),which regulates all functions of the gastrointestinal tract,consists of endocrine cells that are scattered among the epithelial cells of the mucosa,and the enteric nervous system.Although it is capable of operating independently from the centra nervous system(CNS),the gut NES is connected to and modulated by the CNS.This review presents evidence for the presence of an anatomical defect in IBS patients,namely in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells.These cells have specialized microvilli that project into the lumen and function as sensors for the luminal content and respond to luminal stimuli by releasing hormones into the lamina propria,which starts a chain reaction that progresses throughout the entire NES.The changes in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells observed in IBS patients are highly consistent with the other abnormalities reported in IBS patients,such as visceral hypersensitivity,dysmotility,and abnormal secretion. | Magdy El-Salhy Doris Gundersen Odd Helge Gilja Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，2： | 11 |
| 4 | Endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM: To study the different endocrine cell types in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS: Seventy-six patients with IBS were included in the study(62 females and 14 males; mean age 32 years, range 18-55 years), of which 40 also fulfilled the Rome Ⅲ criteria for functional dyspepsia(FDP). Of the entire IBS cohort, 26 had diarrhea as the predominant symptom(IBS-D), 21 had a mixture of diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M), and 29 had constipation as the predominant symptom(IBS-C). Fortythree age and sex-matched healthy volunteers withoutany gastrointestinal complaints served as controls. The patients were asked to complete the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire. Both the patients and controls underwent a standard gastroscopy, during which three biopsy samples were taken from the corpus. Sections from these biopsy samples were immunostained using the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method, for ghrelin, serotonin, somatostatin and histamine. The densities of these cell types and immunoreactivity intensities were quantified using computerized image analysis with Olympus cellSens imaging software(version 1.7).RESULTS: The densities of the ghrelin cells in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups were 389(320, 771), 359(130, 966), 966(529, 1154), 358(120, 966) and 126(0, 262) cells/mm2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Dunn's multiple comparison test showed that the ghrelin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in the controls(P = 0.03 and 0.0008, respectively). The ghrelin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 489(130, 966), and in those with IBS only 490(130, 956). There was no statistical significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.9). The immunoreactivity intensity did not differ between any of the groups(P = 0.6). The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was significantly positively correlated with ghrelin cell density(r = 0.65; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 90.69; P < 0.0001). The densities of the serotonin cells were 63(51, 82), 51(25, 115), 120(69, 128), 74(46, 123) and 40(0, 46) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Posttest revealed that serotonin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in controls(P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively), but did not differ in the IBS-total and IBS-M groups from that in controls(P = 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). The serotonin cell densityin patients with both IBS and FDP was 62(25, 115)and in those with IBS only 65(25, 123). There was no statistically significant difference between these2 groups of patients(P = 1). The immunoreactivity intensity of serotonin did not differ significantly between any of the groups(P = 0.0.9). The serotonin cell density was significantly positively correlated with the diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r = 0.56; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.51;P < 0.0001). The densities of the somatostatin cells were 97(72, 126), 72(0, 206), 29(0, 80), 46(0, 103)and 206(194, 314) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total,IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively(Figures7 and 8). There was a statistically significant difference between the controls and the IBS subgroups(P <0.0001). The density of somatostatin cells was significantly lower in the IBS-D and IBS-M groups but higher in IBS-C patients than in the controls(P < 0.01, P =0.02, and P = 0.0008, respectively). The somatostatin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 86(0-194), and in those with IBS only 110(0-206). There was no statistically significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in somatostatin immunoreactivity intensity between the controls. The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was inversely correlated with somatostatin cell density(r =0.38; P = 0.0007) and was positively correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.64; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: The finding of abnormal endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa shows that the endocrine cell disturbances in IBS are not restricted to the intestine. Furthermore, it appears that ghrelin, serotonin and somatostatin in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach may play an important role in the changing stool habits in IBS through their effects on intestinal motility. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，5： | 11 |
| 5 | 带气冷器的二氧化碳地源热泵系统的性能分析显示文摘地源热泵在夏季冷负荷高于冬季热负荷地区运行会造成土壤热不平衡,常年运行导致土壤温度升高,影响地源热泵性能。为了解决这个问题,本文提出一种带有气冷器的二氧化碳地源热泵系统,建立了该系统的性能预测模型,并将该系统与传统的地源热泵系统进行了对比和经济性分析。结果表明,通过将一部分排热量利用二氧化碳气冷器排放到空气中,并根据温度条件和负荷改变热泵运行的时间表,土壤热不平衡的问题得到了显著的改善,在适当的运行方式下,土壤热不平衡可以完全消除。对比发现,耦合工作的气冷器-二氧化碳地源热泵年运行费用比普通的R134a地源热泵低23%,初始投资低20%。 | 叶菁菁 胡海涛 丁国良 EIKEVIK Trygve Magne | 2015 | 制冷技术2015，35，5： | 11 |
| 6 | Sonography of the small intestine显示文摘In the last two decades, there has been substantial development in the diagnostic possibilities for examining the small intestine. Compared with computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy, ultrasonography has the advantage of being cheap, portable, flexible and user-and patient-friendly, while at the same time providing the clinician with image data of high temporal and spatial resolution. The method has limitations with penetration in obesity and with intestinal air impairing image quality. The flexibility ultrasonography offers the examiner also implies that a systematic approach during scanning is needed. This paper reviews the basic scanning techniques and new modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, strain rate imaging, hydrosonography, allergosonography, endoscopic sonography and nutritional imaging, and the literature on disease-specific findings in the small intestine. Some of these methods have shown clinical benefit, while others are under research and development to establish their role in the diagnostic repertoire. However, along with improved overall image quality of new ultrasound scanners, these methodshave enabled more anatomical and physiological changes in the small intestine to be observed. Accordingly, ultrasound of the small intestine is an attractive clinical tool to study patients with a range of diseases. | Kim Nylund Svein Фdegaard Trygve Hausken Geir Folvik Gülen Arslan Lied Ivan Viola Helwig Hauser Odd-Helge Gilja | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 9 |
| 7 | Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine peptides/amines in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown,and it includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn's disease,and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manifestations,courses,and prognoses. IBD reduces the patients' quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients and society. Interactions between the gastrointestinal(GI) neuroendocrine peptides/amines(NEPA) and the immune system are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover,the interaction between GI NEPA and intestinal microbiota appears to play also a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. This review summarizes the available data on GI NEPA in IBD,and speculates on their possible role in the pathophysiology and the potential use of this information when developing treatments. GI NEPA serotonin,the neuropeptide Y family,and substance P are proinflammatory,while the chromogranin/secretogranin family,vasoactive intestinal peptide,somatostatin,and ghrelin are antiinflammatory. Several innate and adaptive immune cells express these NEPA and/or have receptors to them. The GI NEPA are affected in patients with IBD and in animal models of human IBD. The GI NEPA are potentially useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of the activity of IBD,and are candidate targets for treatments of this disease. | Magdy El-Salhy Tefera Solomon Trygve Hausken Odd Helge Gilja Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，28： | 8 |
| 8 | Reduction in duodenal endocrine cells in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with stem cell abnormalities显示文摘AIM: To determine whether the decreased density of duodenal endocrine cells in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is associated with abnormalities in stem cell differentiation.METHODS: The study sample comprised 203 patients with IBS(180 females and 23 males with a mean age of 36 years) and a control group of 86 healthy subjects without gastrointestinal complaints(77 females and 9 males with a mean age of 38 years). The patients included 80 with mostly diarrhoea(IBS-D), 47 with both diarrhoea and constipation(IBS-M), and 76 with mostly constipation(IBS-C). Both the patients and controls underwent gastroscopy and four biopsy samples were taken from the descending part of the duodenum, proximal to the papilla of Vater. The biopsy samples were sectioned and immunostained for Musashi 1(Msi-1), neurogenin 3(NEUROG3), secretin, cholecystokinin(CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide(GIP), somatostatin and serotonin. Immunostainingwas performed with an ultra View Universal DAB Detection Kit(v1.02.0018, Venata Medical Systems, Basal, Switzerl and) using the Bench Mark Ult ra immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization staining module(Venata Medical Systems). Endocrine cell densities were quantified by computerized image analysis using the Olympus cell Sens imaging program.RESULTS: The densities of Msi-1 and NEUROG3 cells were significantly lower in IBS patients, regardless of the subtype, than in the controls(77 ± 17 vs 8 ± 2; P = 0.0001, and 351 ± 33 vs 103 ± 22; P = 0.00002, respectively). Furthermore, the densities of secretin, and CCK cells were significantly lower in patients with diarrhoea as the predominant IBS symptom(IBS-D) than in the controls(161 ± 11 vs 88 ± 8; P = 0.00007, and 325 ± 41 vs 118 ± 10; P = 0.00006, respectively), but not in patients with constipation as the predominant IBS symptom(IBS-C) or those with both diarrhoea and constipation(IBS-M). The GIP cell density was significantly reduced in both IBS-D(152 ± 12 vs 82 ± 7; P = 0.00003), and IBS-C(152 ± 12 vs 107 ± 8; P = 0.01), but not in IBS-M. The densities of somatostatin cells in the controls and the IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C patients were 81 ± 8, 28 ± 3, 20 ± 4, 37 ± 5 and 28 ± 4 cells/mm2 epithelium, respectively. The density of somatostatin cells was lower in IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C patients than in the controls(P = 0.00009, 0.00006, 0.009 and 0.00008, respectively). The density of serotonin cells did not differ between IBS patients and controls.CONCLUSION: The reduction in duodenal endocrine cells in IBS patients found in this study is probably attributable to the reduction in cells expressing Msi-1 and NEUROG3. | Magdy El-Salhy Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，32： | 7 |
| 9 | 太阳能辅助二氧化碳地源热泵系统的性能分析显示文摘地源热泵系统常年运行时,如果提取和释放到地源的热量不平衡,会造成埋管区域土壤温度变化问题。对于供热为主地区,这会导致土壤温度降低,地源热泵运行效率降低。采用地源热泵耦合太阳能集热系统的方法,可以解决此问题。本文针对以二氧化碳为循环工质的地源热泵耦合太阳能集热器组成的系统,建立了气候模型、二氧化碳热泵机组模型、地下埋管换热器模型、太阳能集热器模型以及建筑模型等子模型,并基于各个子模型开发了太阳能辅助二氧化碳地源热泵系统性能的预测模型。通过已有对太阳能集热器子模型和地下埋管换热器子模型进行的实验验证表明,太阳能集热器子模型得到热水温度误差在1 oC以下,地下埋管换热器子模型的精度高于90%。以挪威特隆赫姆市为例,对系统性能进行了分析,并与常规地源热泵系统进行对比分析,结果表明,太阳能辅助地源热泵系统运行一年后土壤中热不平衡率可以从95.1%降到0.1%以下,年运行功率降低41.5%。 | 叶菁菁 胡海涛 丁国良 EIKEVIK Trygve Magne | 2016 | 制冷技术2016，36，1： | 7 |
| 10 | 二氧化碳喷射器运行效率的实验研究显示文摘本文针对一个新型二氧化碳喷射器进行相关实验研究。通过对一个两相二氧化碳喷射器制冷系统进行不同试验工况的实验:主喷嘴入口温度从19~31℃,气冷器出口压力从6~8 MPa,从而得出喷射器效率最优时各个参数的范围。实验结果显示,引射比为0.4~0.8、喷射器出口压力和喷射器引射端压力的比值为1.09~1.20时,喷射器的工作效率较高。而在压比为1.132时,喷射器可以达到最高效率为0.389。文中还对针对质量流量进行了数学拟合,拟合结果与实验结果较为吻合,实验结果为喷射器的设计和应用提供了实验基础。 | 张金锐 吴静怡 EIKEVIK Trygve Magne | 2016 | 制冷学报2016，37，3： | 6 |
| 11 | Endocrine cells in the ileum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM:To study the ileal endocrine cell types in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)patients.METHODS:Ninety-eight patients with IBS(77 females and 21 males;mean age 35 years,range 18-66 years)were included,of which 35 patients had diarrhea(IBS-D),31 patients had a mixture of both diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M),and 32 patients had constipation(IBS-C)as the predominant symptoms.The controls were 38 subjects(26 females and 12 males;mean age 40 years,range 18-65 years)who had submitted to colonoscopy for the following reasons:gastrointestinal bleeding,where the source of bleeding was identified as hemorrhoids(n=24)or angiodysplasia(n=3),and health worries resulting from a relative being diagnosed with colon carcinoma(n=11).The patients were asked to complete the:Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire.Ileal biopsy specimens from all subjects were immunostained using the avidinbiotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),enteroglucagon,and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerized image analysis,using Olympus cellSens imaging software.RESULTS:The gender and age distributions did not differ significantly between the patients and the controls(P=0.27 and P=0.18,respectively).The total score of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was21±0.8,and the three underlying dimensions:pain,diarrhea,and constipation were 7.2±0.4,6.6±0.4,and 7.2±0.4,respectively.The density of serotonin cells in the ileum was 40.6±3.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 11.5±1.2,10.7±5.6,10.0±1.9,and13.9±1.4 cells/mm2in the all IBS patients(IBS-total),IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.The density in the controls differed significantly from those in the IBS-total,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C groups(P<0.0001,P=0.0001,P=0.0001,and P<0.0001,respectively).There was a significant inverse correlation between the serotonin cell density and the pain dimension of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=-0.6,P=0.0002).The density of PYY cells was 26.7±1.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 33.1±1.4,27.5±1.4,34.1±2.5,and 41.7±3.1 cells/mm2in the IBStotal,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.This density differed significantly between patients with IBS-total and IBS-C and the controls(P=0.03 and<0.0001,respectively),but not between controls and,IBS-D,and IBS-M patients(P=0.8,and P=0.1,respectively).The density of PYY cells correlated significantly with the degree of constipation as recorded by the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=0.6,P=0.0002).There were few PP-,enteroglucagon-,and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the biopsy material examined,which made it impossible to reliably quantify these cells.CONCLUSION:The decrease of ileal serotonin cells is associated with the visceral hypersensitivity seen in all IBS subtypes.The increased density of PYY cells in IBS-C might contribute to the constipation experienced by these patients. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 5 |
| 12 | High densities of serotonin and peptide YY cells in the colon of patients with lymphocytic colitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate colonic endocrine cells in lymphocytic colitis(LC) patients.METHODS:Fifty-seven patients with LC were included.These patients were 41 females and 16 males,with an average age of 49 years(range 19-84 years).Twenty-seven subjects that underwent colonoscopy with biopsies were used as controls.These subjects underwent colonoscopy because of gastrointestinal bleeding or health worries,where the source of bleeding was identified as haemorrhoids or angiodysplasia.They were 19 females and 8 males with an average age of 49 years(range 18-67 years).Biopsies from the right and left colon were obtained from both patients and controls during colonoscopy.Biopsies were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde,embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 m-thick sections.The sections immunostained by the avidin-biotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP) enteroglucagon and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerised image analysis using Olympus software.RESULTS:The colon of both the patient and the control subjects were macroscopically normal.Histopathological examination of colon biopsies from controls revealed normal histology.All patients fulfilled the diagnosis criteria required for of LC:an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes(> 20 lymphocytes/100 epithelial cells) and surface epithelial damage with increased lamina propria plasma cells and absent or minimal crypt architectural distribution.In the colon of both patients and control subjects,serotonin-,PYY-,PP-,enteroglucagon-and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were primarily located in the upper part of the crypts of Lieberkühn.These cells were basket-or flask-shaped.There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left colon in controls with regards to the densities of serotonin-and PYYimmunoreactive cells(P = 0.9 and 0.1,respectively).Serotonin cell density in the right colon in controls was 28.9 ± 1.8 and in LC patients 41.6 ± 2.6(P = 0.008).In the left colon,the corresponding figures were 28.5 ± 1.9 and 42.4 ± 2.9,respectively(P = 0.009).PYY cell density in the right colon of the controls was 10.1 ± 1 and of LC patients 41 ± 4(P = 0.00006).In the left colon,PYY cell density in controls was 6.6 ± 1.2 and in LC patients 53.3 ± 4.6(P = 0.00007).CONCLUSION:The change in serotonin cells could be caused by an interaction between immune cells and serotonin cells,and that of PYY density might be secondary. | Magdy El-Salhy Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，42： | 5 |
| 13 | R290在水平光滑管内沸腾换热和压降特性的性能模拟显示文摘丙烷R290是理想的制冷剂替代物之一。目前换热器的小型化是一种趋势,直径5mm的小管已广泛应用于空调蒸发器中。文中针对目前关于R290小管内两相流动研究不足的情况,采用Fluent软件,开展了R290在外径5mm水平光滑管内两相流动沸腾换热和压降特性的相关性能模拟,详细分析了质流密度、热流密度、饱和蒸发温度以及入口干度等因素的影响规律。 | 陈伟清 巨永林 Trygve Magne Eikevik | 2015 | 低温与超导2015，43，6： | 4 |
| 14 | 造雪机制冰CO2制冷系统的设计与性能分析显示文摘本文在工程方程求解器(EES)中,建立了制冰量分别为50 t/d和100 t/d的片状冰体系(亚临界和跨临界)模型,研究了其在不同环境温度下的热力学性能,并优化了跨临界系统气体冷却器压力和换热器类型。在COMSOL软件中建立了片冰机模型,并进行了设计优化,发现200根管道足以让冰有效冻结。通过改变沸腾温度和冰的厚度,可以提高片状冰机的生产能力。单级亚临界系统在较低的环境温度下表现出较好的性能系数(COP)。当有热水供应或加热需求时,适合采用两级跨临界系统。但两级跨临界系统在制冰时对能量的要求更高,达到33.65(kW·h)/m^3。套管式气体冷却器的应用有利于提高系统的总COP和热回收效率。 | Trygve M.EIKEVIK Ignat TOLSTOREBROV Kaja Wright BERGWITZ-LARSEN Jon-Brede DIESETH | 2020 | 制冷技术2020，40，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Post-cholecystectomy symptoms were caused by persistence of a functional gastrointestinal disorder显示文摘AIM:To classify gallstone disease as a basis for assessment of post-cholecystectomy symptoms.METHODS:One hundred and fifty three patients with a clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones filled out a structured questionnaire on abdominal pain symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) before and at six months after cholecystectomy.Symptom frequency groups (SFG) were categorized according to frequency of pain attacks.According to certain pain characteristics in gallstone patients,a gallstone symptom score was accorded on a scale from one to ten.A visual analogue scale was used to quantify pain.Operative specimens were examined for size and magnitude of stone contents as well as presence of bacteria.Follow-up took place after six months with either a consultation or via a mailed questionnaire.Results were compared with those obtained pre-operatively to describe and analyze symptomatic outcome.RESULTS:SFG groups were categorized as severe (24.2%),moderate (38.6%) and mild (22.2%) attack frequency,and a chronic pain condition (15%).Pain was cured or improved in about 90% of patients and two-thirds of patients obtained complete symptom relief.Patients with the most frequent pain episodes were less likely to obtain symptom relief.FGID was present in 88% of patients pre-operatively and in 57% postoperatively (P=0.244).Those that became asymptomatic or improved with regard to pain also had most relief from FGID (P=0.001).No pre-operative FGID meant almost complete cure.CONCLUSION:Only one third of patients with FGID experienced postoperative relief,indicating that FGID was a dominant cause of post-cholecystectomy symptoms. | Malte Schmidt Karl Sφndenaa John A Dumot Steven Rosenblatt Trygve Hausken Maria Ramnefjell Gro Njφlstad Geir Egil Eide | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，12： | 4 |
| 16 | Gastric emptying measured by ultrasonography显示文摘Anumberofdifferentmethodshavebeenusedtoestimategastricemptyinginhumans,andalhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Themethodofch... | Odd Helge Gilja, Trygve Hausken, Svein degaard and Arnold Berstad | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，2： | 3 |
| 17 | 基于单相R744喷射器系统的引射比计算模型及其实验验证显示文摘本文在现有引射比计算模型的基础上,建立了一个针对单相R744喷射器系统的混合模型。首先通过流体力学和传热学基本原理得到引射比的理论方程,然后在充分考虑喷射器入口和出口流体状态的基础上,对该方程进行简化后得到一个新的计算模型。该模型具备五个待定参数,文中也给出了待定参数的拟合方法。计算结果与实验结果的对比表明该新模型具有较高的精度。 | 熊杰 王如竹 EIKEVIK Trygve Magne | 2015 | 制冷技术2015，35，2： | 3 |
| 18 | The role of peptide YY in gastrointestinal diseases and disorders (Review)显示文摘 | Magdy El-Salhy Tarek Mazzawi Doris Gundersen Jan Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2013 | International Journal of Molecular Medicine2013，，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Monomethyl fumarate augments NK cell lysis of tumor cells through degranulation and the upregulation of NKp46 and CDIO7a显示文摘Dimethyl fumarate (DMF ) 是使用到对待的新药多重硬化(MS ) 病人。这里,我们在生来的杀手(NK ) 的各种各样的活动检验了 DMF 和 DMF 代谢物 monomethyl fumarate (MMF ) 的效果房间。我们证明 MMF 扩充 K562 和 RAJI 肿瘤房间的主要 CD56 +, 然而并非 CD56 −, NK 房间细胞溶解。MMF 为 24 h 在孵化以后在 CD56 +, 然而并非 CD56 −, NK 房间的表面上导致了 NKp46 表示。这效果密切通过这代谢物从这些房间在 CD56 + NK 房间和 Granzyme B 版本的正式就职的表面上与 CD107a 表示的 upregulation 被相关。anti-NKp46 抗体通过 CD56 + NK 房间禁止了 CD107a 的导致 MMF 的 upregulation 和肿瘤房间的细胞溶解。因此,这些结果是第一证明 MMF 扩充肿瘤目标房间的 CD56 + NK 房间细胞溶解,效果通过 NKp46 调停了。这新奇效果在癌症为治疗学或预防的协议建议 MMF 的使用。 | Heidi Vego Kristin L Sand Rune A Hoglund Lars-Egil Fallang Glenn Gundersen Trygve Holmoy Azzam A Maghazachi | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，1： | 2 |
| 20 | CO2单级和双级片冰机的性能模拟分析显示文摘在欧洲和许多北方国家,当进入滑雪季节时,雪的储量往往并不充足。因此,越来越多的人倾向于使用制冰机来补充前一年储存的雪,使滑雪季节尽早开始。制冰机的制冰量为50~100 t/d,为了研究片冰机(FID)在不同环境温度下的热力学性能,本文在工程方程求解器中模拟了每天产能为50 t的片冰机系统。结果表明:单级系统的能耗比双级系统小;片冰机的总传热系数和结冰速率与冰层厚度有关,冰层厚度还影响了水与CO2之间的传热;COMSOL计算表明,当FID中制冷剂管道在200根以上时,增加其数量对冻结表面的温度分布影响不大;可以通过调整结构强度而非传热性能来优化厚度。 | Trygve M.EIKEVIK Ignat TOLSTOREBROV Jon-Brede DIESETH | 2020 | 制冷技术2020，40，2： | 2 |
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