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| 1 | 森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应显示文摘近几十年人类活动向大气中排放的含氮化合物激增 ,并引起大气氮沉降也成比例增加。目前 ,氮沉降的增加使一些森林生态系统结构和功能发生改变 ,甚至衰退。近 2 0 a欧洲和北美有关氮沉降及其对森林生态系统的影响方面的研究较多 ,而我国少有涉及。森林土壤氮素转换是森林生态系统氮素循环的一个重要的组成部分 ,而矿化、硝化和反硝化作用是其核心过程 ,氮沉降作为驱动因子势必改变森林土壤氮素转换速度、方向和通量。根据国外近 2 0 a有关研究 ,首先介绍了森林土壤氮素转换过程和强度 ,论述森林土壤氮素在生态系统氮素循环中的作用 ,然后在此基础上 ,介绍了氮沉降对森林土壤氮素循环的研究途径 ,探讨了氮沉降对森林土壤氮素矿化。 | 方运霆 莫江明 Per Gundersen 周国逸 李德军 | 2004 | 生态学报2004，24，7： | 114 |
| 2 | 氮沉降对森林植物的影响显示文摘综述了氮沉降对森林植物的影响。氮沉降对森林植物的影响主要表现在以下6个方面:(1)在一定量范围内的氮沉降有利于植物的光合作用,但过量后则会引起植物的光合速率下降;(2)当植物生长受氮限制时,在一定程度上的氮沉降增加植物生产力,但当氮过量后,氮沉降则使植物的生产力下降;(3)过量的氮沉降导致植物体各种营养元素含量的比例失衡;(4)氮沉降会改变植物的形态结构,集中表现为根/冠比减小;(5)氮沉降会增加植物对天然胁迫如干旱、病虫害和风的敏感性,减少其抵御能力;(6)氮沉降会改变植物组成和降低森林植物的多样性。 | 李德军 莫江明 方运霆 彭少麟 Per Gundersen | 2003 | 生态学报2003，23，9： | 161 |
| 3 | 南亚热带森林土壤有效氮含量及其对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应显示文摘研究了南亚热带主要森林类型 (马尾松林、混交林和季风常绿阔叶林 )土壤有效氮含量对模拟氮沉降的初期响应。结果显示 :(1)马尾松林、混交林和阔叶林 0~ 10 cm和 10~ 2 0 cm两个土层有效氮 (铵态氮 +硝态氮 )含量总平均分别为 6 .2 4、6 .2 2和14 .77m g/kg,其中铵态氮占 4 5 .3%、4 8.7%和 14 .5 %。 (2 )外加氮处理使 3个森林两个土层的有效氮含量都在增加 ,但其影响程度取决于土层、氮处理水平、氮处理时间和森林类型。总体而言 ,0~ 10 cm土层略比 10~ 2 0 cm土层敏感 ;氮处理水平越高土壤有效氮增加越多 ;外加氮处理时间越长 ,处理样方与对照样方的差距越大 ; | 方运霆 莫江明 周国逸 Per Gundersen 李德军 江远清 | 2004 | 生态学报2004，24，11： | 62 |
| 4 | 鼎湖山森林土壤渗透水酸度和无机氮含量对模拟氮沉降增加的早期响应显示文摘在林地分别喷加0、50、100 和150 kg N hm-2 a-1,研究鼎湖山马尾松林、马尾松针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中土壤20 cm深渗透水酸度和无机氮含量在开始9个月的变化。结果表明,3种森林对照样方土壤渗透水pH值为3.82-4.24,外加氮处理使其平均降低了0.08-0.18。3个森林对照样方土壤渗透水无机氮平均含量分别为6.14、6.66和11.64 mg L-1,铵态氮占15.0%、11.9%和3.0%。外加氮处理使3种森林土壤渗透水铵态氮和硝态氮含量均有不同程度的提高,这表明外加氮处理不但增加了无机氮从森林土壤流失的潜力,而且使土壤进一步酸化。 | 方运霆 莫江明 江远清 李德军 PER Gundersen | 2005 | 热带亚热带植物学报2005，13，2： | 23 |
| 5 | Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China显示文摘Three forests with different historical land-use, forest age, and spec ies assemblages in subtropical China were selected to evaluate current soil N st atus and investigate the responses of soil inorganic N dynamics to monthly ammon ium nitrate additions. Results showed that the mature monsoon evergreen broadlea ved forest that has been protected for more than 400 years exhibited an advanced soil N status than the pine (Pinus massoniana) and pine-broadleaf mixed forests , both originated from the 1930’s clear-cut and pine plantation. Mature forests had greater extractable inorganic N pool, lower N retention capacity, higher in organic N leaching, and higher soil C/N ratios. Mineral soil extractable NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were significantly increased by experimental N additio ns on several sampling dates, but repeated ANOVA showed that the effect was not significant over the whole year except NH4+-N in the mature forest. In contrast, inorganic N (both NH4+-N and NO3--N) in soil 20-cm below the surface was signif icantly elevated by the N additions. From 42% to 74% of N added was retained by the upper 20 cm soils in the pine and mixed forests, while 0%—70% was retained in the mature forest. Our results suggest that land-use history, forest age and species composition were likely to be some of the important factors that determi ne differing forest N retention responses to elevated N deposition in the study region. | FANG Yun-ting ZHU Wei-xing MO Jiang-ming ZHOU Guo-yi GUNDERSEN Per | 2006 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2006，18，4： | 12 |
| 6 | Is irritable bowel syndrome an organic disorder?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is generally considered to be functional because there appears to be no associated anatomical defect.Stress and psychological factors are thought to play an important role in IBS.The gut neuroendocrine system(NES),which regulates all functions of the gastrointestinal tract,consists of endocrine cells that are scattered among the epithelial cells of the mucosa,and the enteric nervous system.Although it is capable of operating independently from the centra nervous system(CNS),the gut NES is connected to and modulated by the CNS.This review presents evidence for the presence of an anatomical defect in IBS patients,namely in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells.These cells have specialized microvilli that project into the lumen and function as sensors for the luminal content and respond to luminal stimuli by releasing hormones into the lamina propria,which starts a chain reaction that progresses throughout the entire NES.The changes in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells observed in IBS patients are highly consistent with the other abnormalities reported in IBS patients,such as visceral hypersensitivity,dysmotility,and abnormal secretion. | Magdy El-Salhy Doris Gundersen Odd Helge Gilja Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，2： | 11 |
| 7 | Endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM: To study the different endocrine cell types in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS: Seventy-six patients with IBS were included in the study(62 females and 14 males; mean age 32 years, range 18-55 years), of which 40 also fulfilled the Rome Ⅲ criteria for functional dyspepsia(FDP). Of the entire IBS cohort, 26 had diarrhea as the predominant symptom(IBS-D), 21 had a mixture of diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M), and 29 had constipation as the predominant symptom(IBS-C). Fortythree age and sex-matched healthy volunteers withoutany gastrointestinal complaints served as controls. The patients were asked to complete the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire. Both the patients and controls underwent a standard gastroscopy, during which three biopsy samples were taken from the corpus. Sections from these biopsy samples were immunostained using the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method, for ghrelin, serotonin, somatostatin and histamine. The densities of these cell types and immunoreactivity intensities were quantified using computerized image analysis with Olympus cellSens imaging software(version 1.7).RESULTS: The densities of the ghrelin cells in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups were 389(320, 771), 359(130, 966), 966(529, 1154), 358(120, 966) and 126(0, 262) cells/mm2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Dunn's multiple comparison test showed that the ghrelin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in the controls(P = 0.03 and 0.0008, respectively). The ghrelin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 489(130, 966), and in those with IBS only 490(130, 956). There was no statistical significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.9). The immunoreactivity intensity did not differ between any of the groups(P = 0.6). The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was significantly positively correlated with ghrelin cell density(r = 0.65; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 90.69; P < 0.0001). The densities of the serotonin cells were 63(51, 82), 51(25, 115), 120(69, 128), 74(46, 123) and 40(0, 46) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Posttest revealed that serotonin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in controls(P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively), but did not differ in the IBS-total and IBS-M groups from that in controls(P = 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). The serotonin cell densityin patients with both IBS and FDP was 62(25, 115)and in those with IBS only 65(25, 123). There was no statistically significant difference between these2 groups of patients(P = 1). The immunoreactivity intensity of serotonin did not differ significantly between any of the groups(P = 0.0.9). The serotonin cell density was significantly positively correlated with the diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r = 0.56; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.51;P < 0.0001). The densities of the somatostatin cells were 97(72, 126), 72(0, 206), 29(0, 80), 46(0, 103)and 206(194, 314) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total,IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively(Figures7 and 8). There was a statistically significant difference between the controls and the IBS subgroups(P <0.0001). The density of somatostatin cells was significantly lower in the IBS-D and IBS-M groups but higher in IBS-C patients than in the controls(P < 0.01, P =0.02, and P = 0.0008, respectively). The somatostatin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 86(0-194), and in those with IBS only 110(0-206). There was no statistically significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in somatostatin immunoreactivity intensity between the controls. The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was inversely correlated with somatostatin cell density(r =0.38; P = 0.0007) and was positively correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.64; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: The finding of abnormal endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa shows that the endocrine cell disturbances in IBS are not restricted to the intestine. Furthermore, it appears that ghrelin, serotonin and somatostatin in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach may play an important role in the changing stool habits in IBS through their effects on intestinal motility. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，5： | 11 |
| 8 | Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition: A nursery experiment in subtropical China显示文摘我们学习了土壤动物志的回答到模仿的氮免职 innursery 在副热带的 China.Dissolved NH4NO3 的试验性的阴谋被 sprayingtwice 每月用于土壤 16 个月,以 0,5,10,15 的处理和30gN/( m2 ·a )在2003年1月开始在在三的处理的 6,9,13 和 16 个月玷污深度以后, .Soil 动物志被取样( 0-5cm,5-10 厘米, 10-15 厘米) N 在与增加的 Ntreatment 的通讯增加了的可得到的 .Soil ,而土壤 pH decreased.Bacterial | XU Guo-liang MO Jiang-ming FU Sheng-lei PER Gundersen ZHOU Guo-yi XUE Jing-Hua | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2007，19，5： | 10 |
| 9 | Endocrine cells in the ileum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM:To study the ileal endocrine cell types in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)patients.METHODS:Ninety-eight patients with IBS(77 females and 21 males;mean age 35 years,range 18-66 years)were included,of which 35 patients had diarrhea(IBS-D),31 patients had a mixture of both diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M),and 32 patients had constipation(IBS-C)as the predominant symptoms.The controls were 38 subjects(26 females and 12 males;mean age 40 years,range 18-65 years)who had submitted to colonoscopy for the following reasons:gastrointestinal bleeding,where the source of bleeding was identified as hemorrhoids(n=24)or angiodysplasia(n=3),and health worries resulting from a relative being diagnosed with colon carcinoma(n=11).The patients were asked to complete the:Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire.Ileal biopsy specimens from all subjects were immunostained using the avidinbiotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),enteroglucagon,and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerized image analysis,using Olympus cellSens imaging software.RESULTS:The gender and age distributions did not differ significantly between the patients and the controls(P=0.27 and P=0.18,respectively).The total score of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was21±0.8,and the three underlying dimensions:pain,diarrhea,and constipation were 7.2±0.4,6.6±0.4,and 7.2±0.4,respectively.The density of serotonin cells in the ileum was 40.6±3.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 11.5±1.2,10.7±5.6,10.0±1.9,and13.9±1.4 cells/mm2in the all IBS patients(IBS-total),IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.The density in the controls differed significantly from those in the IBS-total,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C groups(P<0.0001,P=0.0001,P=0.0001,and P<0.0001,respectively).There was a significant inverse correlation between the serotonin cell density and the pain dimension of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=-0.6,P=0.0002).The density of PYY cells was 26.7±1.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 33.1±1.4,27.5±1.4,34.1±2.5,and 41.7±3.1 cells/mm2in the IBStotal,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.This density differed significantly between patients with IBS-total and IBS-C and the controls(P=0.03 and<0.0001,respectively),but not between controls and,IBS-D,and IBS-M patients(P=0.8,and P=0.1,respectively).The density of PYY cells correlated significantly with the degree of constipation as recorded by the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=0.6,P=0.0002).There were few PP-,enteroglucagon-,and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the biopsy material examined,which made it impossible to reliably quantify these cells.CONCLUSION:The decrease of ileal serotonin cells is associated with the visceral hypersensitivity seen in all IBS subtypes.The increased density of PYY cells in IBS-C might contribute to the constipation experienced by these patients. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 5 |
| 10 | High densities of serotonin and peptide YY cells in the colon of patients with lymphocytic colitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate colonic endocrine cells in lymphocytic colitis(LC) patients.METHODS:Fifty-seven patients with LC were included.These patients were 41 females and 16 males,with an average age of 49 years(range 19-84 years).Twenty-seven subjects that underwent colonoscopy with biopsies were used as controls.These subjects underwent colonoscopy because of gastrointestinal bleeding or health worries,where the source of bleeding was identified as haemorrhoids or angiodysplasia.They were 19 females and 8 males with an average age of 49 years(range 18-67 years).Biopsies from the right and left colon were obtained from both patients and controls during colonoscopy.Biopsies were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde,embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 m-thick sections.The sections immunostained by the avidin-biotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP) enteroglucagon and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerised image analysis using Olympus software.RESULTS:The colon of both the patient and the control subjects were macroscopically normal.Histopathological examination of colon biopsies from controls revealed normal histology.All patients fulfilled the diagnosis criteria required for of LC:an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes(> 20 lymphocytes/100 epithelial cells) and surface epithelial damage with increased lamina propria plasma cells and absent or minimal crypt architectural distribution.In the colon of both patients and control subjects,serotonin-,PYY-,PP-,enteroglucagon-and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were primarily located in the upper part of the crypts of Lieberkühn.These cells were basket-or flask-shaped.There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left colon in controls with regards to the densities of serotonin-and PYYimmunoreactive cells(P = 0.9 and 0.1,respectively).Serotonin cell density in the right colon in controls was 28.9 ± 1.8 and in LC patients 41.6 ± 2.6(P = 0.008).In the left colon,the corresponding figures were 28.5 ± 1.9 and 42.4 ± 2.9,respectively(P = 0.009).PYY cell density in the right colon of the controls was 10.1 ± 1 and of LC patients 41 ± 4(P = 0.00006).In the left colon,PYY cell density in controls was 6.6 ± 1.2 and in LC patients 53.3 ± 4.6(P = 0.00007).CONCLUSION:The change in serotonin cells could be caused by an interaction between immune cells and serotonin cells,and that of PYY density might be secondary. | Magdy El-Salhy Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，42： | 5 |
| 11 | Response of Nitrogen Leaching to Nitrogen Deposition in Disturbed and Mature Forests of Southern China显示文摘Current nitrogen (N) leaching losses and their responses to monthly N additions were investigated under a disturbed pine (Pinus massoniana) forest and a mature monsoon broadleaf forest in southern China. N leaching losses from both disturbed and mature forests were quite high (14.6 and 29.2 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively), accounting for 57% and 80% of their corresponding atmospheric N inputs. N leaching losses were substantially increased following the first 1.5 years of N applications in both forests. The average increases induced by the addition of 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 year-1 were 36.5 and 24.9 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively, in the mature forest, accounting for 73.0% and 24.9% of the annual amount of N added, and 14.2 and 16.8 kg N ha-1 year-1 in the disturbed forest, accounting for 28.4% and 16.8% of the added N. Great N leaching and a fast N leaching response to N additions in the mature forest might result from long-term N accumulation and high ambient N deposition load (greater than 30 kg N ha-1 year-1 over the past 15 years), whereas in the disturbed forest, it might result from the human disturbance and high ambient N deposition load. These results suggest that both disturbed and mature forests in the study region may be sensitive to increasing N deposition. | FANG Yun-Ting M. YOH MO Jiang-Ming P. GUNDERSEN ZHOU Guo-Yi | 2009 | Pedosphere2009，19，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Serotonin and serotonin transporter in the rectum of patients with irritablebowel disease显示文摘 | Magdy El?Salhy Ingvild Wendelbo Doris Gundersen | 2013 | Molecular Medicine Reports2013，，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Reduced chromogranin A cell density in the ileum of patients with irritablebowel syndrome显示文摘 | Magdy El-Salhy Ingvild Wendelbo Doris Gundersen | 2013 | Molecular Medicine Reports2013，，4： | 3 |
| 14 | The role of peptide YY in gastrointestinal diseases and disorders (Review)显示文摘 | Magdy El-Salhy Tarek Mazzawi Doris Gundersen Jan Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2013 | International Journal of Molecular Medicine2013，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Chromogranin A cell density in the rectum of patients with irritablebowel syndrome显示文摘 | M. El-Salhy T. Mazzawi D. Gundersen T. Hausken | 2012 | Molecular Medicine Reports2012，，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Monomethyl fumarate augments NK cell lysis of tumor cells through degranulation and the upregulation of NKp46 and CDIO7a显示文摘Dimethyl fumarate (DMF ) 是使用到对待的新药多重硬化(MS ) 病人。这里,我们在生来的杀手(NK ) 的各种各样的活动检验了 DMF 和 DMF 代谢物 monomethyl fumarate (MMF ) 的效果房间。我们证明 MMF 扩充 K562 和 RAJI 肿瘤房间的主要 CD56 +, 然而并非 CD56 −, NK 房间细胞溶解。MMF 为 24 h 在孵化以后在 CD56 +, 然而并非 CD56 −, NK 房间的表面上导致了 NKp46 表示。这效果密切通过这代谢物从这些房间在 CD56 + NK 房间和 Granzyme B 版本的正式就职的表面上与 CD107a 表示的 upregulation 被相关。anti-NKp46 抗体通过 CD56 + NK 房间禁止了 CD107a 的导致 MMF 的 upregulation 和肿瘤房间的细胞溶解。因此,这些结果是第一证明 MMF 扩充肿瘤目标房间的 CD56 + NK 房间细胞溶解,效果通过 NKp46 调停了。这新奇效果在癌症为治疗学或预防的协议建议 MMF 的使用。 | Heidi Vego Kristin L Sand Rune A Hoglund Lars-Egil Fallang Glenn Gundersen Trygve Holmoy Azzam A Maghazachi | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Abnormal rectal endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘 | Magdy El-Salhy Doris Gundersen Jan G. Hatlebakk Odd Helge Gilja Trygve Hausken | 2013 | Regulatory Peptides2013，，： | 2 |
| 18 | Low Densities of Serotonin and Peptide YY Cells in the Colon of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | M. El-Salhy D. Gundersen H. ?stgaard B. Lomholt-Beck J. Hatlebakk T. Hausken | 2012 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2012，，4： | 2 |
| 19 | The role of diet in the pathogenesis and management of irritable bowelsyndrome (Review)显示文摘 | M. El-Salhy H. ?stgaard D. Gundersen J. Hatlebakk T. Hausken | 2012 | International Journal of Molecular Medicine2012，，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Evolutionary conservation of microtubulecapture mechanisms 显示文摘 | Gundersen GG | 2002 | Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol2002，3，4： | 2 |
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