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| 1 | Pathogenesis and management issues for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has, although it is a very common disorder, only relatively recently gained broader interest among physicians and scientists. Fatty liver has been documented in up to 10 to 15 percent of normal individuals and 70 to 80 percent of obese individuals. Although the pathophysiology of NAFLD is still subject to intensive research, several players and mechanisms have been suggested based on the substantial evidence. Excessive hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation resulting from insulin resistance is the first step in the proposed 'two hit' model of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial fatty acids oxidation, NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine expression and adipocytokines are all considered to be the potential factors causing second hits which lead to hepatocyte injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Although it was initially believed that NAFLD is a completely benign disorder, histologic follow-up studies have showed that fibrosis progression occurs in about a third of patients. A small number of patients with NAFLD eventually ends up with end-stage liver disease and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although liver biopsy is currently the only way to confirm the NAFLD diagnosis and distinguish between fatty liver alone and NASH, no guidelines or firm recommendations can still be made as for when and in whom it is necessary. Increased physical activity, gradual weight reduction and in selected cases bariatric surgery remain the mainstay of NAFLD therapy. Studies with pharmacologic agents are showing promising results, but available data are still insufficient to make specific recommendations; their use therefore remains highly individual. | Marko Duvnjak Ivan Leroti Neven Bari Vedran Tomai Lucija Virovi Juki Vedran Velagi | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，34： | 74 |
| 2 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 3 | Overview and developments in noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and very diverse outcomes that are related to disease form and severity at presentation have made the search for noninvasive diagnostic tools in NAFLD one of the areas with most intense development in hepatology today.Various methods have been investigated in the recent years,including imaging methods like ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging,different forms of liver stiffness measurement,various biomarkers of necroinflammatory processes (acute phase reactants,cytokines,markers of apoptosis),hyaluronic acid and other biomarkers of liver fibrosis.Multicomponent tests,scoring systems and diagnostic panels were also developed with the purposes of differentiating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis or discriminating between various fibrosis stages.In all of the cases,performance of noninvasive methods was compared with liver biopsy,which is still considered to be a gold standard in diagnosis,but is by itself far from a perfect comparative measure.We present here the overview of the published data on various noninvasive diagnostic tools,some of which appear to be very promising,and we address as well some of still unresolved issues in this interesting field. | Neven Bari Ivan Leroti Lea Smiri-Duvnjak Vedran Tomai Marko Duvnjak | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，30： | 7 |
| 4 | Genetic polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Clues to pathogenesis and disease progression显示文摘The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to advanced f ibrosis and cirrhosis.Although the reason why only a minority of patients develop progressive forms of disease still remains largely unclear,recent research has identified genetic factors as a possible basis for this variation in disease presentation.Most of the studies have been focused on f inding associations between advanced disease forms and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding various proteins involved in disease pathogenesis.Although there are many limitations regarding the study design and interpretation of published data,further carefully planned studies together with implementation of new genetic technologies will likely bring new insights into disease pathogenesis and potential benefits to the management of patients with NAFLD. | Marko Duvnjak Neven Bari Vedran Tomai Ivan Leroti | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，48： | 4 |
| 5 | Non-destructive magnetic adaptive testing of ferromagnetic materials显示文摘 | TOMAS I | 2004 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2004，268，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of intrapericardially adm;nis- tered endothelin-1 on pericardial Natriuretlc pepfide concentration of the in situ dog显示文摘 | Toma I Naty A Janosi C | 2004 | J Cardlovasc Phannacol2004，44，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Nondestructive characterization of ductile cast iron by magnetic adaptive testing显示文摘 | VERTESY G UCHIMOTO T TOMAS I | 2010 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2010，322，20： | 1 |
| 8 | Expression of c-kit in human osteosarcoma and its relevance as a prognostic parameter显示文摘 | Sulzbacher I Birner P Toma C | 2007 | J Clin Pathol2007，60，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Clindamycin in dentistry:Is it an effective prophylaxis for endocarditis显示文摘 | Tomas I Alvarez M Limeres J | 2006 | Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2006，101，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Inspection of steel degradation by magnetic adaptive testing显示文摘 | VERTESY G TOMAS I TAKAHASHI S | 2008 | NDT & E International2008，41，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Bronchoscopic lung vol- ume reduction for end-stage emphysema: report on the first 98 patients显示文摘 | Wan I Y Toma T P Geddes D M | 2006 | Chest2006，129，： | 1 |
| 12 | A new record for Aedes(Neomelaniconion)lineatopennis(Ludlow) in the Ryukyu Islands 显示文摘 | Miyagi I Toma T | 1977 | Mosquito News1977，37，1： | 1 |
| 13 | nondestructive magnetic adaptive testing of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steel degradation显示文摘 | TOMAS I VERTESY G GILLEMOT F | 2013 | Journal of Nuclear Materials2013，432，13： | 1 |
| 14 | Side effects of radiotherapy in oral cavity:diagnosis,prevention and treatment guidelines显示文摘 | Badzek S Tomas I Krajina I | 2009 | Lijec Vjesn2009，131，1112： | 1 |
| 15 | Activation of the suceinate receptor hGPR91 in maeula clensa cells causes renin release显示文摘 | Vargas SL Toma I Kang JJ | 2009 | J Am Soc Nephrol2009，20，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Non-destructive indication of plastic deformation of cold-rolled stainless steel by magnetic adaptive testing显示文摘 | VERTESY G TOMAS I MESZAROS I | 2007 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2007，310，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The relationship between temporal variation of hypoxia,polarographic measurements and P redictions of tumour response to radiation显示文摘 | Toma Dasu I Dasu A KarlssonM | 2004 | PhysMed Biol2004，49，19： | 1 |
| 18 | Glycolipids areinvolved in biofilm accumulation and prolonged bacteraemia in Enterococcus facealis显示文摘 | Theilacker C Sanchez-Carballo P Toma I | 2009 | Mol Microbiol2009，71，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Investigation of experimental conditions in magnetic adaptive testing显示文摘 | VERTESY G TOMAS I MESZATROS I | 2007 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2007，315，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Association between ESR2 geneti vatiants and risk of myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Domingues-Montanari S Subirana I Tomas M | | 0，，7： | 1 |
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