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| 1 | Thirty million year deep-sea records in the South China Sea显示文摘In the spring of 1999 the Ocean Drilling Pro-gram (ODP) Leg 184 Shipboard Party cored 17 holes at 6 deep water sites in the northern and southern parts of the South China Sea (SCS). Chinese scientists actively partici-pated in the entire process of this first deep-sea drilling leg off China, from proposal to post-cruise studies. More than 30 categories of analyses have been conducted post-cruise in various Chinese laboratories on a large number of core sam-ples, and the total number of analyses exceeded 60 thousand. The major scientific achievements of the Leg 184 studies are briefly reported in three successive papers, with the first one presented here dealing with deep-sea stratigraphy and evolu-tion of climate cycles. This ODP leg has established the best deep-sea stratigraphic sequences in the Western Pacific: the 23-Ma isotope sequence from the Dong-Sha area is unique worldwide because of its continuity; the last 5-Ma sequence from the Nansha area represents one of the best 4 ODP sites worldwide with the highest time-resolution for that time in-terval, and the sequences of physical properties enable a de-cadal-scale time resolution. All these together have provided for the first time high-quality marine records for paleoenvi-ronmental studies in the Asian-Pacific region. This new set of stratigraphic records has revealed changes in climate cyclic-ity over the last 20 Ma with the fluctuating power of the 100 ka, 400 ka, 2000 ka eccentricity cycles, indicating the evolv-ing response of the climate system to orbital forcing along with the growth of the Antarctic and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. | WANGPinxian ZHAOQuanhong JIANZhimin CHENGXinrong HUANGWei TIANJun WANGJiliang LIQianyu LIBaohua SUXin | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，23： | 41 |
| 2 | Characteristics of decadal-centennial-scale changes in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age and in the present day显示文摘Using meteorological observations, proxies of precipitation and temperature, and climate simulation outputs, we synthetically analyzed the regularities of decadal-centennial-scale changes in the summer thermal contrast between land and ocean and summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region during the past millennium; compared the basic characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation and precipitation in the present day, the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP); and explored their links with solar irradiance and global climate change. The results indicate that over the last 150 years, the EASM circulation and precipitation, indicated by the temperature contrast between the East Asian mainland and adjacent oceans, had a significant decadal perturbation and have been weaker during the period of rapid global warming over the past 50 years. On the centennial time scale, the EASM in the MWP was strongest over the past 1000 years. Over the past 1000 years, the EASM was weakest in 1450-1570. When the EASM circulation was weaker, the monsoon rain belt over eastern China was generally located more southward, with there being less precipitation in North China and more precipitation in the Yangtze River valley; therefore, there was an anomalous pattern of southern flood/northern drought. From the 1900s to 1920s, precipitation had a pat- tern opposite to that of the southern flood/northern drought, with there being less precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and more precipitation in North China. Compared with the case for the MWP, there was a longer-time-scale southern flood/northern drought phenomenon in 1400-1600. Moreover, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not synchronously vary with the trend of global temperature. During the last 150 years, although the annual mean surface temperature around the world and in China has increased, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not have strengthening or weakening trends. Over the past 1000 years, the weakest EASM occurred ahead of the lowest Northern Hemispheric temperature and corresponded to the weakest solar irradiance. | ZHOU XiuJi ZHAO Ping LIU Ge ZHOU TianJun | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，28： | 33 |
| 3 | A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model显示文摘To compare differences among the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA), and 20th century global warming (20CW), six sets of transient and equilibrium simulations were generated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. This model was developed by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results indicate that MWP warming is evident on a global scale, except for at mid-latitudes of the North Pacific. However, the magnitude of the warming is weaker than that in the 20th century. The warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere is stronger than that in the Southern Hemisphere. The LIA cooling is also evident on a global scale, with a strong cooling over the high Eurasian continent, while the cooling center is over the Arctic domain. Both the MWP and the 20CW experiments exhibit the strongest warming anomalies in the middle troposphere around 200-300 hPa, but the cooling center of the LIA experiment is seen in the polar surface of the Northern Hemisphere. A comparison of model simulation against the reconstruction indicates that model's performance in simulating the surface air temperature changes during the warm periods is better than that during the cold periods. The consistencies between model and reconstruction in lower latitudes are better than those in high latitudes. Comparison of the inter-annual variability mode of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall during the MWP, LIA and 20CW reveals a similar rainfall anomalies pattern. However, the time spectra of the principal component during the three typical periods of the last millennium are different, and the quasi-biannual oscillation is more evident during the two warm periods. At a centennial time scale, the external mode of the EASM variability driven by the changes of effective solar radiation is determined by the changes of large scale land-sea thermal contrast. The rainfall anomalies over the east of 110°E exhibit a meridional homogeneous change pattern, which is different from the meridional out-of-phase change of rainfall anomalies associated with the internal mode. | ZHOU TianJun LI Bo MAN WenMin ZHANG LiXia ZHANG Jie | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，28： | 32 |
| 4 | Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records显示文摘As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropaleontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkable diagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ~3 Ma. | WANGPinxian JIANZhimin ZHAOQuanhong LIQianyu WANGRujian LIUZhifei WUGuoxuan SHAOLei WANGJiliang HUANGBaoqi FANGDianyong TIANJun LIJianru LIXianhua WEIGangjian SUNXiangjun LUOYunli SUXin MAOShaozhi CHENMuhong | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，23： | 34 |
| 5 | The strengthening East Asia summer monsoon since the early 1990s显示文摘Previous studies have documented a weakening tendency of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) since the end of the 1970s. In this study, we report that the EASM has been recovering since the early 1990s, although its strength is still less than in previous decades (averaged over the period 1965-1980). Following the recovery of the EASM, there has been a tendency in the last decade toward northward-moving rainbands and excessive rainfall in the Huaihe River valley (110°-120°E, 30°-35°N). There is evidence suggesting that the strengthening EASM since the early 1990s is linked to interdecadal change of land-sea thermal contrast. | LIU HaiWen ZHOU TianJun ZHU YuXiang LIN YiHua | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，13： | 23 |
| 6 | Theories on Formation of an Anomalous Anticyclone in Western North Pacific during El Nino:A Review显示文摘The western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone(WNPAC) is an important atmospheric circulation system that conveys El Ni?o impact on East Asian climate. In this review paper, various theories on the formation and maintenance of the WNPAC, including warm pool atmosphere–ocean interaction, Indian Ocean capacitor, a combination mode that emphasizes nonlinear interaction between ENSO and annual cycle, moist enthalpy advection/Rossby wave modulation, and central Pacific SST forcing, are discussed. It is concluded that local atmosphere–ocean interaction and moist enthalpy advection/Rossby wave modulation mechanisms are essential for the initial development and maintenance of the WNPAC during El Ni?o mature winter and subsequent spring. The Indian Ocean capacitor mechanism does not contribute to the earlier development but helps maintain the WNPAC in El Ni?o decaying summer.The cold SST anomaly in the western North Pacific, although damped in the summer, also plays a role. An interbasin atmosphere–ocean interaction across the Indo-Pacific warm pool emerges as a new mechanism in summer. In addition, the central Pacific cold SST anomaly may induce the WNPAC during rapid El Ni?o decaying/La Ni?a developing or La Ni?a persisting summer. The near-annual periods predicted by the combination mode theory are hardly detected from observations and thus do not contribute to the formation of the WNPAC. The tropical Atlantic may have a capacitor effect similar to the tropical Indian Ocean. | Tim LI Bin WANG Bo WU Tianjun ZHOU Chih-Pei CHANG Renhe ZHANG | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，6： | 23 |
| 7 | Comparison of the global air-sea freshwater exchange evaluated from independent datasets显示文摘The implied air-sea freshwater flux is examined in two reanalysis datasets provided respectively by European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts and National Center for Environmental Prediction. Not only for annual mean state but also for seasonal variation, two reanalyses agree qualitatively well with each other, and both can reproduce reasonably the global distribution of E-P (i.e. Evaporation minus Precipitation). In the view of quantitative comparison, however, remarkable difference has been found on regional scales, especially over the middle and lower latitudes, with some local disagreement exceeding 100 cm/yr. One important difference between current and previous evaluation is the new found net evaporation over the high latitude North Atlantic, which is demonstrated to result from the transient disturbances during boreal winter. | ZHOU Tianjun(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，8： | 21 |
| 8 | Climate sensitivities of two versions of FGOALS model to idealized radiative forcing显示文摘Projections of future climate change by climate system models depend on the sensitivities of models to specified greenhouse gases.To reveal and understand the different climate sensitivities of two versions of LASG/IAP climate system model FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2,we investigate the global mean surface air temperature responses to idealized CO2 forcing by using the output of abruptly quadrupling CO2 experiments.The Gregory-style regression method is used to estimate the'radiative forcing'of quadrupled CO2 and equilibrium sensitivity.The model response is separated into a fast-response stage associated with the CO2 forcing during the first 20 years,and a slow-response stage post the first 20 years.The results show that the radiative forcing of CO2 is overestimated due to the positive water-vapor feedback and underestimated due to the fast cloud processes.The rapid response of water vapor in FGOALS-s2 is responsible for the stronger radiative forcing of CO2.The climate sensitivity,defined as the equilibrium temperature change under doubled CO2 forcing,is about 3.7 K in FGOALS-g2 and4.5 K in FGOALS-s2.The larger sensitivity of FGOALS-s2 is due mainly to the weaker negative longwave clear-sky feedback and stronger positive shortwave clear-sky feedback at the fast-response stage,because of the more rapid response of water vapor increase and sea-ice decrease in FGOALS-s2 than in FGOALS-g2.At the slow-response stage,similar to the fast-response stage,net negative clear-sky feedback is weaker in FGOALS-s2.Nevertheless,the total negative feedback is larger in FGOALS-s2 due to a larger negative shortwave cloud feedback that involves a larger response of total cloud fraction and condensed water path increase.The uncertainties of estimated forcing and net feedback mainly come from the shortwave cloud processes. | CHEN XiaoLong ZHOU TianJun GUO Zhun | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，6： | 19 |
| 9 | Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model显示文摘Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the NAO was strong while the PDO was weak. During the Little Ice Age (LIA), the NAO was weak while the PDO was strong. A La Ni a-like state prevailed in the MWP, while an El Ni o-like state dominated in the LIA. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in the 15th, 17th and 19th centuries. Analysis of the model output indicates that the NAO was generally positive during 1000-1400 AD and negative during 1650-1900 AD. There is a discrepancy between the sim- ulation and reconstruction during 1400-1650 AD. The simulated PDO generally varies in parallel with the reconstruction, which has a negative phase during the MWP and a positive phase during the LIA. The correlation coefficient between the reconstruction and simulation is 0.61, and the correlation is statistically significant at the 1% level. Neither the La Ni a-like state of the MWP nor the El Ni o-like state of the LIA is reproduced in the model. Both the reconstructed and the simulated Antarctic Oscillations had a negative phase in the early period of the last millennium and a positive phase in the late period of the last millennium. The Asian-Pacific Oscillation was generally strong during the WMP and weak during the LIA, and the correlation coefficient between the simulation and reconstruction is 0.50 for the period 1000 -1985 AD. The analysis suggests that the specified external forcings significantly affected the evolution of atmospheric oscillation during the last millennium. | MAN WenMin ZHOU TianJun | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，28： | 18 |
| 10 | Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China显示文摘Scientific issues relevant to interactions between aerosols and the Asian monsoon climate were discussed and evaluated at the 33 rd 'Forum of Science and Technology Frontiers' sponsored by the Department of Earth Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Major results are summarized in this paper. The East Asian monsoon directly affects aerosol transport and provides a favorable background circulation for the occurrence and development of persistent fog-haze weather. Spatial features of aerosol transport and distribution are also influenced by the East Asian monsoon on seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal scales. High moisture levels in monsoon regions also affect aerosol optical and radiative properties. Observation analyses indicate that cloud physical properties and precipitation are significantly affected by aerosols in China with aerosols likely suppressing local light and moderate rainfall, and intensifying heavy rainfall in southeast coastal regions. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this pattern still need further exploration. The decadal variation in the East Asian monsoon strongly affects aerosol concentrations and their spatial patterns. The weakening monsoon circulation in recent decades has likely helped to increase regional aerosol concentrations. The substantial increase in Chinese air pollutants has likely decreased the temperature difference between land and sea, which favors intensification of the weakening monsoon circulation. Constructive suggestions regarding future studies on aerosols and monsoons were proposed in this forum and key uncertain issues were also discussed. | WU GuoXiong LI ZhanQing FU CongBin ZHANG XiaoYe ZHANG RenYi ZHANG RenHe ZHOU TianJun LI JianPing LI JianDong ZHOU DeGang WU Liang ZHOU LianTong HE Bian HUANG RongHui | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，1： | 16 |
| 11 | Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19:a phase 1 clinical trial显示文摘No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Host-directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to pulmonary tissue damage,death,or long-term functional disability in survivors require clinical evaluation.We performed a parallel assigned controlled,non-randomized,phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)infusions in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease.The study enrolled 18 hospitalized patients with COVID-19(n=9 for each group).The treatment group received three cycles of intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs(3×107 cells per infusion)on days 0,3,and 6.Both groups received standard COVID-treatment regimens.Adverse events,duration of clinical symptoms,laboratory parameters,length of hospitalization,serial chest computed tomography(CT)images,the PaO2/FiO2 ratio,dynamics of cytokines,and IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed.No serious UC-MSCs infusion-associated adverse events were observed.Two patients receiving UC-MSCs developed transient facial flushing and fever,and one patient developed transient hypoxia at 12 h post UC-MSCs transfusion.Mechanical ventilation was required in one patient in the treatment group compared with four in the control group.All patients recovered and were discharged.Our data show that intravenous UC-MSCs infusion in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 is safe and well tolerated.Phase 2/3 randomized,controlled,double-blinded trials with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the therapeutic use of UC-MSCs to reduce deaths and improve long-term treatment outcomes in patients with serious COVID-19. | Fanping Meng Ruonan Xu Siyu Wang Zhe Xu Chao Zhang Yuanyuan Li Tao Yang Lei Shi Junliang Fu Tianjun Jiang Lei Huang Peng Zhao Xin Yuan Xing Fan Ji-Yuan Zhang Jinwen Song Dawei Zhang Yanmei Jiao Limin Liu Chunbao Zhou Markus Maeurer Alimuddin Zumla Ming Shi Fu-Sheng Wang | 2020 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2020，5，1： | 16 |
| 12 | Impact of 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming on aircraft takeoff performance in China显示文摘Associated with global warming, climate extremes such as extreme temperature will significantly increase. Understanding how climate change will impact the airflights is important to the planning of future flight operations. In this study, the impacts of 1.5 and 2 degree's global warming on the aircraft takeoff performance in China are investigated using a unique climate projection data from an international collaboration project named HAPPI. It is found that the mean summer daily maximum temperature, which is a major factor that affects the flight through changing the aircraft's takeoff weight, will increase significantly with magnitude less than 1.5℃ over most parts of China except for the Tibetan Plateau. The half a degree additional global warming will lead to higher extreme temperature in the arid and semi-arid western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern China, while the change in eastern China is weak. Five airports including Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming, Lasa and Urumqi will see ~1.0°-2.0℃(1.4°-3.0℃) higher daily maximum temperature under 1.5℃(2.0℃) scenario. The half-degree additional warming will lead to a shift toward higher extreme temperature in these five sites. For both1.5° and 2.0℃ scenarios, the number of weight-restriction days will increase significantly at 3 airports including Beijing, Shanghai, and Lasa. Urumqi will witness an increase of weight-restriction days only in 2.0℃ future. | Tianjun Zhou Liwen Ren Haiwen Liu Jingwen Lu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，11： | 16 |
| 13 | The CAMS Climate System Model and a Basic Evaluation of Its Climatology and Climate Variability Simulation显示文摘A new coupled climate system model(CSM) has been developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS) by employing several state-of-the-art component models. The coupled CAMS-CSM consists of the modified atmospheric model [ECmwf-HAMburg(ECHAM5)], ocean model [Modular Ocean Model(MOM4)], sea ice model [Sea Ice Simulator(SIS)], and land surface model [Common Land Model(CoLM)]. A detailed model description is presented and both the pre-industrial and 'historical' simulations are preliminarily evaluated in this study.The model can reproduce the climatological mean states and seasonal cycles of the major climate system quantities,including the sea surface temperature, precipitation, sea ice extent, and the equatorial thermocline. The major climate variability modes are also reasonably captured by the CAMS-CSM, such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO), El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO), East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).The model shows a promising ability to simulate the EASM variability and the ENSO–EASM relationship. Some biases still exist, such as the false double-intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) in the annual mean precipitation field,the overestimated ENSO amplitude, and the weakened Bjerknes feedback associated with ENSO; and thus the CAMS-CSM needs further improvements. | Xinyao RONG Jian LI Haoming CHEN Yufei XIN Jingzhi SU Lijuan HUA Tianjun ZHOU Yanjun QI Zhengqiu ZHANG Guo ZHANG Jianduo LI | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，6： | 15 |
| 14 | Uncertainty in crossing time of 2 °C warming threshold over China显示文摘The 2 °C warming target has been used widely in global and regional climate change research. Previous studies have shown large uncertainties in the time when surface air temperature(SAT) change over China will reach 2 °C relative to the pre-industrial era. To understand the uncertainties,we analyzed the projected SAT in the twenty-first century using 40 state-of-the-art climate models under two Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5.The 2 °C threshold-crossing time(TCT) of SAT averaged across China was around 2033 and 2029 for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Considering a ±1r range of intermodel SAT change, the upper and lower bounds of the 2 °C TCT could differ by about 25 years or even more. Uncertainty in the projected SAT and the warming rate around the TCT are the two main factors responsible for the TCT uncertainty. The former is determined by the climate sensitivity represented by the global mean surface temperature response. About 45 % of the intermodel variance of the projected 2 °C TCT for averaged SAT over China can be explained by climate sensitivity across the models, which is contributed mainly by central and southern China. In a climate more sensitive to CO2 forcing, stronger greenhouse effect, less stratus cloud over the East Asian monsoon region,and less snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau result in increased downward longwave radiation, increased shortwave radiation, and decreased shortwave radiation reflected by the surface, respectively, all of which may advance the TCT. | Xiaolong Chen Tianjun Zhou | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，18： | 15 |
| 15 | Serial stimulated thyroglobulin measurements are more specific for detecting distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer before radioiodine therapy显示文摘Objective: Preablative stimulated thyroglobulin(ps-Tg) has the potential to be used in identifying distant metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DM-DTC), but its single level can be affected by remnant thyroid tissue and thyrotropin(TSH). The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the value of serial ps-Tg measurements in identifying DM-DTC specifically.Methods: A total of 317 DTC patients with serial measurements of ps-Tg, TSH and anti-Tg antibody were divided into M1(n=72) and M0(n=245) according to the presence of distant metastasis(DM) or not. The initial psTg measurement, with a corresponding TSH exceeding 30 μIU/m L, was marked as Tg1, and ps-Tg measured right before radioactive iodine(RAI) therapy was defined as Tg2, with a median interval of 8 days. ΔTg denotes Tg2–Tg1, and ΔTSH denotes TSH2–TSH1. Tg1, Tg2, ΔTg, and ΔTg/ΔTSH were tested for efficacy in identifying DM-DTC using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and further compared with chest computed tomography(CT) and posttreatment whole-body RAI scan(Rx WBS).Results: Compared with single ps-Tg measurement(Tg1 or Tg2), both ΔTg and ΔTg/ΔTSH were more narrowly distributed around zero in the M0 group, which made their distribution in the M1 group more distinguished in a relatively dispersed way. ΔTg/ΔTSH manifested a higher accuracy(88.64%) and specificity(90.20%) in identifying DM-DTC than Tg1 or Tg2 measurements, with a much higher specificity than chest CT(90.20% vs. 66.00%) and a much higher sensitivity than Rx WBS(83.33% vs. 61.11%).Conclusions: Serial ps-Tg measurements even over as short an interval as 8 days hold incremental value in identifying DM-DTC. ΔTg/ΔTSH is a specific early biochemical marker for DM-DTC. | Teng Zhao Jun Liang Tianjun Li Wen Gao Yansong Lin | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，3： | 15 |
| 16 | An Assessment of Improvements in Global Monsoon Precipitation Simulation in FGOALS-s2显示文摘The performance of Version 2 of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System model(FGOALS-s2) in simulating global monsoon precipitation(GMP) was evaluated. Compared with FGOALS-s1, higher skill in simulating the annual modes of climatological tropical precipitation and interannual variations of GMP are seen in FGOALS-s2. The simulated domains of the northwestern Pacific monsoon(NWPM) and North American monsoon are smaller than in FGOALS-s1. The main deficiency of FGOALS-s2 is that the NWPM has a weaker monsoon mode and stronger negative pattern in spring–fall asymmetric mode. The smaller NWPM domain in FGOALS-s2 is due to its simulated colder SST over the western Pacific warm pool. The relationship between ENSO and GMP is simulated reasonably by FGOALS-s2. However, the simulated precipitation anomaly over the South African monsoon region–South Indian Ocean during La Nin a years is opposite to the observation. This results mainly from weaker warm SST anomaly over the maritime continent during La Nin a years, leading to stronger upper-troposphere(lower-troposphere) divergence(convergence) over the Indian Ocean, and artificial vertical ascent(descent) over the Southwest Indian Ocean(South African monsoon region), inducing local excessive(deficient) rainfall. Comparison between the historical and pre-industrial simulations indicated that global land monsoon precipitation changes from 1901 to the 1970s were caused by internal variation of climate system. External forcing may have contributed to the increasing trend of the Australian monsoon since the 1980s. Finally, it shows that global warming could enhance GMP, especially over the northern hemispheric ocean monsoon and southern hemispheric land monsoon. | ZHANG Lixia ZHOU Tianjun | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，1： | 14 |
| 17 | Multi-objective Stability Control Algorithm of Heavy Tractor Semi-trailer Based on Differential Braking显示文摘Rollover and jack-knifing of tractor semi-trailer are serious threats for vehicle safety,and accordingly active safety technologies have been widely used to reduce or prevent the occurrence of such accidents.However,currently tractor semi-trailer stability control is generally only a single hazardous condition (rollover or jack-knifing) control,it is difficult to ensure the vehicle comprehensive stability of various dangerous conditions.The main objective of this study is to introduce a multi-objective stability control algorithm which can improve the vehicle stability of a tractor semi-trailer by using differential braking.A vehicle controller is designed to minimize the likelihood of rollover and jack-knifing.First a linear vehicle model of tractor semi-trailer is constructed.Then an optimal yaw control for tractor using differential braking is applied to minimize the yaw rate and lateral acceleration deviation of tractor,as well as the hitch articulation angle of tractor semi-trailer,so as to improve the vehicle stability.Second a braking scheme and variable structure control with sliding mode control are introduced in order to achieve the best braking effect.Last Fishhook maneuver is introduced to the active safety simulation and the active control system effect verification.The simulation results show that multi-objective stability control algorithm of semi-trailer could improve the vehicle stability significantly during the transient maneuvers.The proposed multi-objective stability control algorithm is effective to prevent the vehicle rollover and jackknifing. | ZONG Changfu ZHU Tianjun WANG Chang LIU Haizhen | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2012，25，1： | 13 |
| 18 | Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for weight and length in Paralichthys olivaceus(Temminck et Schlegel)显示文摘The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight (BW) and body length (BL), were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group (30 per family). Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various (co)variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively: 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively: 0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant (P <0.05). Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant (P <0.01): 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant (P <0.05) only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder. | TIAN Yongsheng XU Tianjun LIANG You CHEN Songlin | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，6： | 13 |
| 19 | The relationship between the thermohaline circulation and climate variability显示文摘The long-term integration with the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences has been used in the investigations on the relationship between the thermohaline circulation and climate variability. The results show that the strength of the North Atlantic Thermohaline circulation (THC) is negatively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Based on this kind of relationship, and also the instrument-measured climate record such as air pressure and sea surface temperature, the activity of the thermohaline circulation during the 20th century has been evaluated. The inferred variations of the strength of the THC is that, during two multi-decadal periods of 1867-1903 and 1934-1972, the THC is estimated to have been running stronger, whereas during the two periods of 1904-1933 and 1973-1994, it appears to have been weaker. | ZHOU Tianjun ZHANG Xuehong WANG Shaowu | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，11： | 13 |
| 20 | Regional-scale Surface Air Temperature and East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes during the Last Millennium Simulated by the FGOALS-gl Climate System Model显示文摘The spatial patterns and regional-scale surface air temperature(SAT) changes during the last millennium, as well as the variability of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) were simulated with a low-resolution version of Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land–Sea-ice(FGOALS-gl) model. The model was driven by both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents. Major features of the simulated past millennial Northern Hemisphere(NH) mean SAT variations, including the Medieval Climate Anomaly(MCA), the Little Ice Age(LIA) and the 20th Century Warming(20CW), were generally consistent with the reconstructions. The simulated MCA showed a global cooling pattern with reference to the 1961–90 mean conditions, indicating the 20CW to be unprecedented over the last millennium in the simulation. The LIA was characterized by pronounced coldness over the continental extratropical NH in both the reconstruction and the simulation. The simulated global mean SAT difference between the MCA and LIA was 0.14°C, with enhanced warming over high-latitude NH continental regions. Consistencies between the simulation and the reconstruction on regional scales were lower than those on hemispheric scales. The major features agreed well between the simulated and reconstructed SAT variations over the Chinese domain, despite some inconsistency in details among different reconstructions. The EASM circulation during the MCA was stronger than that during the LIA The corresponding rainfall anomalies exhibited excessive rainfall in the north but deficient rainfall in the south. Both the zonal and meridional thermal contrast were enhanced during the MCA. This temperature anomaly pattern favored a stronger monsoon circulation. | MAN Wenmin ZHOU Tianjun | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，4： | 12 |
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