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| 1 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义显示文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会,但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议,以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据,我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准,以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的,目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识,以推进临床前AD的研究,最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展,使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。 | Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 郭起浩(译) 黄丽(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 邢怡(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 22 |
| 2 | 从微孔洞起始的热冲击裂纹的数值研究——Ⅰ:热应力分析显示文摘陶瓷材料在热冲击荷载作用下的典型破坏模式是裂纹的起始和扩展。当高温的材料或构件突然处于低温环境时 ,裂纹将由材料或构件的表面开始产生和发展。因此 ,材料表面及其表面附近的材料微结构对裂纹的起始有着非常重要的影响。实验表明 :某些具有微孔洞结构的陶瓷材料比相应的密实材料的抗热冲击性能有所提高 ,但相关的机制目前还没有得到定量的解释。本文作者利用商业有限元软件 ABAQUS,分析了受热冲击表面上的开口微孔洞、处于表面附近的闭口微孔洞周围的热应力场 ,以及微孔洞的大小、微孔洞与表面的距离对热应力场的影响 ,其目的是为进一步分析裂纹的起始和扩展做准备。数值结果表明 :一般情况下 ,闭口微孔洞引起的应力集中比开口微孔洞引起的应力集中更为严重 ,特别当闭口微孔洞与表面之间的距离很小时 ,和没有微孔洞情况相比 ,闭口微孔洞引起的最大的应力集中系数超过 | 贺鹏飞 李京剑 Yuan C Stern R Clegg W J | 2002 | 复合材料学报2002，19，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Correlation of endoscopic disease severity with pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index score in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index(PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity(Mayo endoscopic score).METHODS We reviewed charts from ulcerative colitis patients who had undergone both colonoscopy over 3 years. Clinical assessment of disease severity within 35 d(either before or after) the colonoscopy were included. Patients were excluded if they had significant therapeutic interventions(such as the start of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents) between the colonoscopy and the clinical assessment. Mayoendoscopic score of the rectum and sigmoid were done by two gastroenterologists. Inter-observer variability in Mayo score was assessed.RESULTS We identified 99 patients(53% female, 74% pancolitis) that met inclusion criteria. The indications for colonoscopy included ongoing disease activity(62%), consideration of medication change(10%), assessment of medication efficacy(14%), and cancer screening(14%). Based on PUCAI scores, 33% of patients were in remission, 39% had mild disease, 23% had moderate disease, and 4% had severe disease. There was 'moderate-substantial' agreement between the two reviewers in assessing rectal Mayo scores(kappa = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.41-0.68). CONCLUSION Endoscopic disease severity(Mayo score) assessed by reviewing photographs of pediatric colonoscopy has moderate inter-rater reliability, and agreement was less robust in assessing patients with mild disease activity. Endoscopic disease severity generally correlates with clinical disease severity as measured by PUCAI score. However, children with inflamed colons can have significant variation in their reported clinical symptoms. Thus, assessment of both clinical symptoms and endoscopic disease severity may be required in future clinical studies. | Basavaraj Kerur Heather J Litman Julia Bender Stern Sarah Weber Jenifer R Lightdale Paul A Rufo Athos Bousvaros | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，18： | 5 |
| 4 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——提高基层医疗中尿路感染幼儿的诊断和治疗:来自DUTY前瞻性诊断队列研究结果显示文摘目的基层医疗中有多达50%的尿路感染(UTIs)患儿被忽视。尿液培养是诊断的关键,但收集尿液通常很难。本文旨在通过以下方式对两步骤的临床规则进行内部验证:(1)按症状和体征来选择儿童进行尿液收集;(2)进行症状、体征和试纸测试以指导抗生素治疗。方法从英格兰和威尔士的基层医疗机构中选取5岁以下急性发病儿童233例。指数测试包括父母反映的症状、临床医生报告的体征、尿试纸结果以及关于尿路感染可能性的临床医生选择。以清洁尿样中的微生物培养结果作为确认尿路感染的参考标准。计算灵敏度、特异度、和基于系数(分级严重性)和分数(二分)的症状/体征的Logistic回归模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC),然后采用引导指令内部验证AUROC。结果 3 036例儿童提供了尿样,获得2 740份(90%)培养结果,其中60份(2.2%)呈阳性。临床诊断灵敏度为46.6%,AUROC为0.77。基于系数和分数的经验证模型的AUROC分别为0.87和0.86,在加入亚硝酸盐试纸、白细胞和血液后其分别增加至0.90和0.90。结论根据症状和体征的临床规则优于临床诊断,在识别儿童进行无创尿液取样方面表现良好。试纸结果为经验性抗生素治疗提供了进一步的诊断价值。 | HAY A D STERNE J A HOOD K 本刊编辑部 | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，28： | 3 |
| 5 | 从微孔洞起始的热冲击裂纹的数值研究——Ⅱ:能量释放率分析显示文摘利用商业的有限元软件 ABAQU S,分析了具有微孔洞结构氧化铝陶瓷材料在受到热冲击作用下 ,从处于材料表面上的开口微孔洞以及临近材料表面的闭口微孔洞的底部起始的裂纹扩展。结果表明 :对于从开口微孔洞和闭口微孔洞底部起始的裂纹 ,其能量释放率随冷却时间的变化规律类似 ,即随冷却时间 t由零开始增加 ,能量释放率也由零开始快速增大 ,在冷却时间大约为 t=0 .1s时 ,达到其最大值 ,随后开始降低。另外对于从开口微孔洞底部起始的裂纹 ,结果发现裂纹的能量释放率随裂纹长度的增加、微孔洞半径的增加而增加 ,而对于从闭口微孔洞底部起始的裂纹 ,其能量释放率随裂纹长度的增加、微孔洞半径的增加、以及微孔洞与材料受热冲击面距离的增加而增加。以开口微孔洞底部起始的裂纹为例 ,研究了裂纹与临近微孔洞之间的作用 ,发现临近微孔洞的存在可以明显减小裂纹的能量释放率。 | 贺鹏飞 李京剑 Yuan C Stern R Clegg W J | 2002 | 复合材料学报2002，19，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens and their environment during production and processing显示文摘 | CRAVEN S E STERN N J BAILEY J S | 2001 | Avian Dis2001，45，： | 1 |
| 7 | Nonvascular mediastinal trauma显示文摘 | Euathrongchit J Thoongsuwan N Stern EJ | 2006 | Radiol Clin North Am2006，44，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Dimethylni trosamine induced liver injury in rats:the early deposition of collagen显示文摘 | George J Rao KR Stern R | 2001 | Toxicology2001，，156： | 1 |
| 9 | Enriched back-arc basin basalts from the northern Mariana Trough:Implications for the magmatic evolution of back-arc basins显示文摘 | STERN R J LIN P MORRIS J D | 1990 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters1990，100，： | 1 |
| 10 | Frequency of abnormal karyotypes among abortuses from women with and without a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion 显示文摘 | Stern J J Dorfmann A D Gutierrez-Najar A J | 1996 | Fertil Steril1996，65，： | 1 |
| 11 | Corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin 1 activate CREB through functionally selective G/ signalling in hippocampal pyramidal neurons显示文摘 | Stern C M Meitzen J Mermelstein P G | 2011 | Eur J Neurosci2011，34，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Maintenance and re- lapse after weight loss in women:Behavioral aspects显示文摘 | KAYMAN S BRUVOLD W STERN J S | 1990 | Am Jf Clinical Nutrit1990，52，： | 1 |
| 13 | The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity显示文摘 | FURMAN J L PORTER M E STERN S | 2002 | Research Policy2002，31，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Estimation of the incidence of stroke using a capture-recapture model including covariates 显示文摘 | Tilling K Sterne J A Wolfe C D | 2002 | International Journal of Epidemiology2002，30，6： | 1 |
| 15 | The role of the lacrimal functional unit in the pathophysiology of dry eye 显示文摘 | Stern ME Gao J Siemasko KF | 2004 | Exp Eye Res2004，78，： | 1 |
| 16 | Subthalamic GAD gene transfer in Parkinson disease patients who are candidates for deep brain stimulation显示文摘 | During M J Kaplitt M G Stern M B | 2001 | Hum Gene Ther2001，12，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Mushrooms,Tumors, and Irnmunily 显示文摘 | Borchers A T Stern J S Hanckman R M | 1999 | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine1999，221，： | 1 |
| 18 | Mapping Gossans inArid Regions with Landsat TM and SIR-C Images:the BeddahoAlteration Zone in Northern Eritrea显示文摘 | Abdelsalam M G Stern R J Berhane W G | 2000 | Journal of African EarthSciences2000，30，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Compound specific δ13C analyses of leaf lipids from plants with differing carbon dioxide metabolisms显示文摘 | Collister J W Rieley G Stern B | 1994 | Organic Geochemistry1994，21，： | 1 |
| 20 | Research on teachers' pedagogical thoughts, judgments, decisions, and behavior显示文摘 | Shavelson R J and Stern P | 1981 | Review of Educational Reaearch1981，1981，51： | 1 |
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