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| 1 | Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review显示文摘Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choice and total nutrient content.Results can be used to create designer biochars to help solve environmental issues and supply a variety of plant-available nutrients for crop growth. | James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil显示文摘 | K.A. Spokas W.C. Koskinen J.M. Baker D.C. Reicosky | 2009 | Chemosphere2009，，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Influence of biochar amendments on the sorption-desorption of aminocyclopyrachlor, bentazone and pyraclostrobin pesticides to an agricultural soil显示文摘 | Cabrera A Cox L Spokas K | 2014 | Science of the Total Environment2014，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil显示文摘 | Spokas K A Koskinen W C Baker J M et ol | 2009 | Chemosphere2009，77，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Impacts ofwoodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas productionand sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesotasoil显示文摘 | Spokas KA Koskinen WC Baker JM | 2009 | Chemosphere2009，77，： | 1 |
| 6 | Implications of the spatial variability of landfill emission rates on geospatial analyses 显示文摘 | SPOKAS K GRAFF C MORCET M | 2003 | Waste Management2003，23，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar and biochar amended soil显示文摘 | Fabbri D Rombola AG Torri C Spokas KA | 2013 | Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis2013，103，： | 1 |
| 8 | Ethylene: potential key for biochar amendment impacts显示文摘 | Kurt A. Spokas John M. Baker Donald C. Reicosky | 2010 | Plant and Soil (-)2010，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production显示文摘 | SPOKAS K A REICOSKY D C | 2009 | Annals of Environmental Sci- ence2009，3，： | 1 |
| 10 | Nitrogen oxide and methane emissions under varying tillage and fertilizer management显示文摘 | Venterea R T Burger M Spokas K A | 2005 | Journal of Environmental Quality2005，34，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Nitrogen oxide and methane emissions under varying tillage and fertilizer management 显示文摘 | Venterea R T Burger M Spokas K A | 2005 | Journal of Environmental Quality2005，34，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Impacts of biochar (black carbon)additions on the sorption and efficacy of herbicides 显示文摘 | Mesa A C Spokas K | 2011 | Herbicides and Environment2011，13，： | 1 |
| 13 | Impacts of wood-chip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil显示文摘 | Spokas K A Koskinen W C Baker J M | 2009 | Chemosphere2009，77，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Land-fill as atmospheric methane sources andsinks显示文摘 | BOGNER J E SPOKAS K BURTON E | 1995 | Chemosphere1995，31，41： | 1 |
| 15 | Impacts of wood-chip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/dcgradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil 显示文摘 | Spokas KA Koskinen WC Baker JM | 2009 | Chemosphere2009，77，： | 1 |
| 16 | Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production显示文摘 | SPOKAS K A REICOSKY D C | 2009 | Annals of Environmental Science2009，3，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a minnesota soil显示文摘 | Spokas K A Koskinen W C Baker J M | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 18 | Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production显示文摘 | Spokas K A Reicosky D C | 2009 | Annals of Environmental Science2009，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Kinetics of methane Oxidationin a Landfill Cover Soil:Temporal Variations,a Whole Landfill Ox idationExperiment,and Model in go of Net CH4 Emissions显示文摘 | BOGNER J E SPOKAS K A BURTON E A | 1997 | Environ Sci Echn-ol1997，3，： | 1 |
| 20 | Biochar's Role as an Ahemative N-Fertilizer : Ammonia Capture 显示文摘 | SPOKAS K A NOVAK J M VENTEREA R T | 2012 | Plant and Soil2012，350，12： | 1 |
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