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| 1 | Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review显示文摘Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choice and total nutrient content.Results can be used to create designer biochars to help solve environmental issues and supply a variety of plant-available nutrients for crop growth. | James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Influence of Pecan Biochar on Physical Properties of a Norfolk Loamy Sand显示文摘 | Warren J. Busscher Jeff M. Novak Dean E. Evans Don W. Watts M. A. S. Niandou Mohamed Ahmedna | 2010 | Soil Science2010，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Sorption of bisphenol A, 17α-ethinyl estradiol and phenanthrene on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars显示文摘 | Ke Sun Kyoung Ro Mingxin Guo Jeff Novak Hamid Mashayekhi Baoshan Xing | 2011 | Bioresource Technology2011，，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Amendments to Increase Aggregation in United States Southeastern Coastal Plain Soils显示文摘 | Warren J. Busscher Jeff M. Novak TheCan Caesar-TonThat Robert E. Sojka | 2007 | Soil Science2007，，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Assessment of herbicide sorption by biochars and organic matter associated with soil and sediment显示文摘 | Ke Sun Bo Gao Kyoung S. Ro Jeff M. Novak Ziying Wang Stephen Herbert Baoshan Xing | 2011 | Environmental Pollution2011，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Characteristics and nutrient values of biochars produced from giant reed at different temperatures显示文摘 | Hao Zheng Zhenyu Wang Xia Deng Jian Zhao Ye Luo Jeff Novak Stephen Herbert Baoshan Xing | 2012 | Bioresource Technology2012，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence of Biochar on Nitrogen Fractions in a Coastal Plain Soil显示文摘 | Schomberg Harry H Gaskin Julia W Harris Keith Das K C Novak Jeff M Busscher Warren J Watts Don W Woodroof Robin H Lima Isabel M Ahmedna Mohamed Rehrah Djaafar Xing Baoshan | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Quality2012，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Characteristics and nutrient values of biochars produced from giant reed at different temperatures显示文摘 | Hao Zheng Zhenyu Wang Xia Deng Jian Zhao Ye Luo Jeff Novak Stephen Herbert Baoshan Xing | 2012 | Bioresource Technology2012，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content显示文摘Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial N-immobilization.However,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil N.We hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization or-immobilization.We conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several temperatures.For both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil N-mineralization.Contrary to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended soils.Also unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley biochar.However,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil N-mineralization.The finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar amendment.Because of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility. | Claire L.Phillips Kylie M.Meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas Wanzek Michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff Novak Kristin M.Trippe | 2022 | Biochar2022，4，1： | 0 |
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