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| 1 | Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries显示文摘This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in 'cumulative emissions per capita,' the best conception of the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing countries; under such circumstance, these future emissions would create more than 6.3 trillion US dollars in emissions deficits. Because of their low cumulative emissions per capita, most developing countries fall within one of the latter two groups, which means that they have leeway for making emissions decisions in the future. Although China accounts for more than 30% of the total global emissions allowance from 2006 to 2050, its total emissions can be controlled within that allow-ance by no other way than reducing its future emissions growth rates. In the end, nine key issues related to international climate negotiations were briefly addressed. | DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，10： | 50 |
| 2 | The Constrained Solutions of Two Matrix Equations | An Ping LIAO Zhong Zhi BAI Department of Mathematics. Hunan University. Changshu, 410082. P. R. China Department of Mathematics and Information Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003. P. R. China Academy of Mathematics and System. Sciences. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100080. P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Scientific/Engineering Computing. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing. Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences. Chinese Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 2719. Beijing 100080. P. R. China | 2002 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2002，18，4： | 40 |
| 3 | A SELF-ADAPTIVE TRUST REGION ALGORITHM显示文摘In this paper we propose a self-adaptive trust region algorithm.The trust region radius is updated at a varable rate according to the ratio between the actual reduction and the predicted reduction of the objective function,rather than by simply enlarging or reducing the original trust region radius at a constant rate.We show that this new algorithm preserves the strong convergence property of traditional trust region methods.Numerical results are also presented. | Long Hei (Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy ofMathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China)(Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Northwestern University C2SO,2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA) | 2003 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2003，21，2： | 29 |
| 4 | On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues显示文摘We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO2 emissions (e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO2 emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of 1900-2005.These proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3-6.7 times those to developing countries.This will seriously violate the development rights of developing countries.This paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'.Comparing estimates of emissions in China in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO2-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that China can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO2 concentration target of 450-470 ppmv. | DING ZhongLi1,DUAN XiaoNan2,GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 CAS Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library,Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment of CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 18 |
| 5 | CASCADIC MULTIGRID FOR PARABOLIC PROBLEMSCASCADIC MULTIGRID FOR PARABOLIC PROBLEM显示文摘In this paper, we develop the cascadic multigrid method for parabolic problems. The optimal convergence accuracy and computation complexity are obtained. | Zhong-ci Shi, Xue-jun Xu (State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) | 2000 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2000，18，5： | 18 |
| 6 | A DUAL COUPLED METHOD FOR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS OF PDE WITH COEFFICIENTS OF SMALL PERIOD显示文摘In this paper the homogenization method is improved to develop one kind ofdual coupled approximate method, which reflects both the macro-scope propertiesof whole structure and its loadings, and micro-scope configuration properties ofcomposite materials. The boundary value problem of woven membrane is con-sidered, the dual asymptotic expression of the exact solution is given, and itsapproximation and error estimation are discussed. Finally the numerical exampleshows the effectiveness of this dual coupled method. | J.Z. Cui H.Y. Yang(Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) | 1996 | Journal of Computational Mathematics1996，14，2： | 17 |
| 7 | 盆地演化认识中的几个问题显示文摘本文论述了盆地演化认识中的几个主要问题。一是陆缘裂解过程,华南边缘传统上认为是被动裂谷边缘的一个例子,其东部沉积物记录了压实的历史,它明显不同于被动裂谷作用模式,而是显示早第三纪大规模上隆和侵蚀的特征;而且,该地区覆盖在下地壳楔形体上面,具有比周围地壳明显要高的地震速度和密度,指示岩浆底侵作用。这些证据说明,与被动裂谷作用模式相比,华南边缘与主动裂谷作用模式较为一致,它是由早第三纪华南边缘东部底下地幔柱形成的主动裂谷。另一个问题是关于页岩的浅部破裂作用机理。大多数研究者认为,微裂隙的形成需要高孔隙压力,它限于深埋、低渗透率的岩石。然而,最近从北海观察表明,在第三纪页岩中,整个盆地范围内的破裂型式从未达到大于几百米的埋藏深度。这说明泥质源岩经历了水压破裂和浅部脱水,在破裂前可能达到深埋后生作用所需要的深度,实质上渗透率的改变是由于源岩的浅部破裂作用可能根本上改变了烃类的初次运移时间和效率。 | Wang Chiyuen(Department of Geology and Geophysics University of California,Berkeley,CA 94720)Yang Jiaming Zhu Weilin(Exploration and Development Research Center,China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Xincheng,074010)Zheng Mingling(Scientific Research Ce | 1995 | 地学前缘1995，2，3： | 14 |
| 8 | A SCALED CENTRAL PATH FOR LINEAR PROGRAMMING显示文摘Interior point methods are very efficient methods for solving large scale linear programming problems. The central path plays a very important role in interior point methods. In this paper we propose a new central path, which scales the variables. Thus it has the advantage of forcing the path to have roughly the same distance from each active constraint boundary near the solution. | Ya-xiang Yuan (State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) | 2001 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2001，19，1： | 14 |
| 9 | Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings—an example from the reservoir of T_3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘The study of the chlorite coatings always attracts scholars in China and other countries because the chlorite coatings play an important role in the preservation of residual primary pores in sandstone reservoirs.At present,the study of the origin and the controlling factors is relatively few.The occurrence,time of formation,genesis,controlling factors,and the mechanism of chlorite coatings inhibiting quartz overgrowths were studied in detail with thin section and SEM analysis.Samples were from the sandstone reservoirs of the T3x Group in the Baojie area,the transitional zone from the middle to the south of Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the chlorite coatings on the walls of the pore spaces are oriented perpendicular to grain surfaces in the form of isopachous(even-thickness) grain-coating,while the chlorite coatings at the contacts between adjacent detrital grains are arranged with a preferred orientation tangential to the surface of detrital grains.The chlorite coatings were formed in the eogenetic stage.They were formed by recrystallization of Fe-rich clay films during the syndepositional period,and chlorite cements would be recrystallized after the coatings' formation.The formation of chlorite coatings was mainly controlled by the depositional environment,provenance conditions,and diagenetic environment.The presence of chlorite coatings could result in the preservation of primary pores in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs by effectively inhibiting quartz overgrowths and the development of compaction and pressure solution. | Peng Jun1,Liu Jinku2,Wang Yan2 and Liu Jianfeng2 1 Scientific Research Department,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China 2 Graduate School,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China | 2009 | Petroleum Science2009，6，4： | 12 |
| 10 | Conjugate Gradient Methods with Armijo-type Line Searches显示文摘Abstract Two Armijo-type line searches are proposed in this paper for nonlinear conjugate gradient methods.Under these line searches, global convergence results are established for several famous conjugate gradientmethods, including the Fletcher-Reeves method, the Polak-Ribiere-Polyak method, and the conjugate descentmethod. | Yu-Hong DAIState Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 2002 | Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica2002，18，1： | 10 |
| 11 | Ecological hydrograph based on Schizothorax chongi habitat conservation in the dewatered river channel between Jinping cascaded dams显示文摘Hydropower development changes the river hydrological regime,thereby altering river ecosystem significantly.One important measure for reducing degradation of ecosystem is to determine ecological flow and implement it by reservoir operation.This paper described a method to calculate river ecological flow based on fish habitat conservation and applied it to Jinping River Bend of Yalong River.Schizothorax chongi was selected as target species,and the fish habitat model coupling with water environmental model was developed according to the relationship between fish and water environment factors.Moreover,improved hydraulic habitat suitability index(IHHS) and habitat fragment index(HFI) varying with discharge were discussed in this paper.Habitat area representing average annual flow was taken as a reference,and then ecological hydrographs under different habitat conservation levels were calculated considering season variation and life stages of fish.Compared to the natural condition,the model results indicated that the reservoir operation clearly influenced the habitat of the target fish.It was proposed to ensure flow releases to maintain 70%-90% habitat in section after joint while about 60% before joint. | LI RuoNan 1,CHEN QiuWen 1,2 & Duan Chen 1,3 1 Research Center for Eco-environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China 2 China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China 3 Hydraulics Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，S1： | 10 |
| 12 | 台湾海峡及邻近海区的水文概况——海水温度、盐度和表层流特征显示文摘本文所讨论的海区,位于北太平洋的西侧,西依我国大陆,东濒太平洋,北连东海,南接南海,地处热带和亚热带,属热带和亚热带海洋性气候。本海区的海水温、盐特征和海流系统都与黑潮、大陆沿岸流和南海季风漂流有着密切的关系。一、海水温度海水温度的分布和变化,主要是受黑潮和大陆沿岸流的影响,並随季节而变化的。冬季(12—2月)受寒冷的东北气流影响,沿岸近海水温普遍降低,1—2月,低于9℃的沿岸冷水可达温州以南,低于12℃的低温水可达金门附近。而20°N以南海区和受黑潮影响显著的海峡东侧,水温较高,暖水舌直指向北和东北方向。因此,黑潮暖水与沿岸玲水互相对峙的局面在冬季很为突出,尤以2月最为典型。 | Second Laboratory of the Institute of Marine Scientific and Technological Data and Information National Bureau of Oceanography | 1982 | 台湾海峡1982，1，1： | 10 |
| 13 | NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF CAVITATING FLOWS显示文摘A new model, which involves viscous and multi-phase effects, was given to study cavitating flows. A local compressible model was established by introducing a density-pressure function to account for the two-phase flow of water/vapor and the transition from one phase to the other. An algorithm for calculating variable-density N-S equations of cavitating flow problem was put forward. The present method yields reasonable results for both steady and unsteady cavitating flows in 2D and 3D cases. The numerical results of unsteady character of cavitating flows around hydrofoils coincide well with experimental data. It indicates the feasibility to apply this method to a variety of cavitating flows of practical problems. | Ph.D.Candidate:Wu Lei School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China Supervisor:Lu Chuan-jing (Shanghai Jiaotong University) Xue Lei ping (Shanghai Jiaotong University) Members of Dissertation Defense Committee:Dong Shi-tang (China Ship Scientific Research Center),Chairman Dai Shi-qiang (Shanghai University) Zhang Hui-sheng (Fudan University) Miao Guo-ping (Shanghai Jiaotong Universi ty) He You-sheng (Shanghai Jiaotong University)Liu Hua (Shanghai Jiaotong University) Lu Chuang-jing (Shanghai Jiaotong Universi ty) | 2003 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2003，15，4： | 9 |
| 14 | Experimental studies on perturbed acoustic resonant spectroscopy by a small rock sample in a cylindrical cavity显示文摘A measurement system for acoustic resonant spectroscopy (ARS) is estab-lished,and the effects of resonant cavity geometry,inner perturbation samples and envi-ronmental temperature on the ARS are investigated. The ARSs of the small samples with various sizes and acoustic properties are measured. The results show that at the normal pressure,the resonant frequency decreases gradually with the increase of liquid tem-perature in the cylindrical cavity,while the resonant amplitude increases. At certain pres-sure and temperature,both the resonant frequency and the amplitude decrease greatly when there exist air bubbles inside the cavity fluid. The ARS is apparently affected by the sample porosity and the sample location in the resonant cavity. At the middle of the cavity,the resonant frequencies reach their maximum values for all of the measurement samples. The resonant frequencies of the porous rock samples are smaller than those of the com-pacted samples if other acoustic parameters are the same. As the sample is moved from the top to the middle of the cavity along its axis,the resonant amplitude increases gradu-ally for the compacted rocks while decreases for the unconsolidated rocks. Furthermore,the resonant amplitude increases firstly and then decreases if the porosity of the rock sample is relatively small. In addition,through the comparisons between the experimental and theoretical results,it is found that the effects of the acoustic parameters and sizes of the samples and the size of the cylindrical cavity on the laboratory results agree well with the theoretical ones qualitatively. These results may provide basic reference for the ex-periment study of rock acoustic properties in a low frequency using ARS. | CHEN Dehua1,2,WANG Xiuming2,3,CONG Jiansheng1,XU Delong1,SONG Yanjie1 & MA Shuilong4 1. Department of Geophysics,Daqing Petroleum Institute,Daqing 163318,China 2. Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China 3. Division of Petroleum,Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,Bent-ley WA 6102,Australia 4. Daqing Testing and Technology Services Corporation,Daqing 163153,China | 2006 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2006，49，6： | 8 |
| 15 | ON NON-ISOTROPIC JACOBI PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD显示文摘在这篇论文,非各向同性的 Jacobi 假光谱方法被建议,它的应用斧子考虑了。一些结果在上;多维的 Jacobi 高斯类型插值和相关 Bernstein 杰克森类型不平等斧子建立了,它起一个重要作用在假光谱方法。假光谱方法被用于一二 -- 维的单个问题中间 axisymmetric 上的一个问题领域。建议计划的集中被建立。数字结果表明建议方法的效率。 | Benyu Guo Keji Zhang Department of Mathematics,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China Scientific Computing Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities Division of Computational Science of E-Institute of Shanghai Universities | 2008 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2008，26，4： | 8 |
| 16 | A NEW LARGE CAVITATION CHANNEL IN CHINA SHIP SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTER显示文摘After about 10 years’ runing of the LCC(DTRC,USA) and the HYKAT(HSVA,Germany), another new large cavitation channel with low background noise is to be in operation in China Ship Scientific Research Center(CSSRC),Wuxi,China. The important specific properties of the channel are the large test section (2.0 m in height, 2.2 m in width and 10.5 m in length), the maximum speed of more than 15 m/s, the low turbulence level, the low background noise of the whole facility, togother with the new noise measurement system. So large scale models can be tested with only minor wall effects and at high Renolds numbers, and the pretentious acoustical measurements can be performed. This paper describes the features of the new channel and the first test results obtained during extensive calibration and validation. | Wang Tian-kui, Lu Fang, Fan Xiao-bing, Shi Xiao-jun China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China | 2003 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2003，15，4： | 8 |
| 17 | “双一流”下的大型公立医院重点学科建设思考显示文摘'双一流'建设是我国新时期教育改革的一项重大战略决策,其关键是要建设世界一流学科。正确解读'双一流'学科建设目标和指向,有助于医院重点学科建设布局的调整。医院重点学科建设要坚持学科方向服从国家战略需要、突出学科建设重点、打破学科壁垒、重视学术带头人选拔,从而推动医院整体学科建设水平的不断提升。 | YIN Yan Scientific Research Office,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University | 2018 | 现代医院管理2018，16，4： | 8 |
| 18 | 构建新型农民职业教育培训体系 全面推动农村小康社会建设显示文摘构建新型农民职业教育体系,是全面推动农村小康社会建设的必要条件。分析了我国农民职业教育体系的现状,并从这一现状出发,阐述新型农民职业教育培训体系的概念与内涵,提出构建这一体系的基本原则、体系框架、建设重点及主要模式。 | Training Center of Peasants’ Scientific and Technological Education of Ministry of Agriculture, Centural Government Radio and TV School of Agriculture, Beijing 100026, China) | 2004 | 职业技术教育2004，25，1： | 8 |
| 19 | Teracluster LSSC-II--Its designing principles and applications in large scale numerical simulations显示文摘The teracluster LSSC-II installed at the State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the most powerful PC clusters in China. It has a peek performance of 2Tflops. With a Linpack performance of 1.04Tflops, it is ranked at the 43rd place in the 20th TOP500 List (November 2002), 51st place in the 21st TOP500 List (June 2003), and the 82nd place in the 22nd TOP500 List (November 2003) with a new Linpack performance of 1.3Tflops. In this paper, we present some design principles of this cluster, as well as its applications in some large-scale numerical simulations. | ZHANG Linbo, CHEN Shiyi, LI Xinliang, CAO Jianwen, ZHANG Wensheng & GONG XingaoState Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100875, China Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Parallel Computing Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China | 2004 | Science China Mathematics2004，47，z1： | 8 |
| 20 | Moving collocation methods for time fractional differential equations and simulation of blowup显示文摘A moving collocation method is proposed and implemented to solve time fractional differential equations. The method is derived by writing the fractional differential equation into a form of time difference equation. The method is stable and has a third-order convergence in space and first-order convergence in time for either linear or nonlinear equations. In addition, the method is used to simulate the blowup in the nonlinear equations. | MA JingTang1 & JIANG YingJun2 1School of Economic Mathematics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China 2Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China | 2011 | Science China Mathematics2011，54，3： | 7 |
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