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| 1 | Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride显示文摘Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L. | Francesco Vinale Gaetano D'Ambrosio Khalid Abadi Felice Scala Roberta Marra David Turrà Sheridan L Woo Matteo Lorito | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 7 |
| 2 | 利用位置测量的单点和两点差分跟踪起始算法的比较研究(英文)显示文摘我们考虑初始化当时,与将近经常的速度移动的一个目标的追踪的过滤器的问题位置 -- 仅仅(1D,2D, or3D ) 大小是可得到的。Kalman 过滤器为如此的一个问题是最佳的,这被知道,如果它正确地被初始化。我们比较一单个点并且著名二点的差别轨道初始化算法。我们经分解表演如果过程噪音接近零,过去常初始化速度变化的一个目标的最大的速度接近无穷,那么,单个点的算法归结为二点的差别算法。我们出现的现在的数字结果单个点的算法在均方差意义比二点的差别算法更好一致地表现。我们也介绍支持这一般来说是真的 conjecture 的分析结果。 | MALLICK Mahendra LA SCALA Barbara | 2008 | 自动化学报2008，34，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Cloning of first abc transporter encoding gene from Trichoderma spp. and its expression during stress and mycoparasitism显示文摘Trichoderma in its natural environment competes for nutrient uptake and is required to protect itself from adverse natural toxic compounds, such as those produced by plants and other microbes in the soil community, or synthetic toxic compounds released human activity. One of the most important metabolic pathways for drug resistance and substrate uptake, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is ATP dependent. The role of ABC transporter proteins in the biology of Trichoderma is still not known. We present the cloning of the first four ABC transporter genes (TABC1, TABC2, TABC3, TABC4 ) in Trichoderma, and in particular T. atroviride P1, and the characterization of TABC2 The complete sequence of this gene is 6535 bp, which includes a promoter of 1624 bp, a terminator of 642 bp and a coding region of 4264 bp. The promoter contains many of the potential transcription factor binding sites found in the 5’ upstream region of the ech42 gene of T. atroviride P1. These included: heat shock factors (HSF), a nitrogen-regulating factor (Nit-2), a stress-response element (STRE), a GCR1 elements, and a Cre BP1 motif. Northern analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that TABC2 is highly expressed when Trichoderma is subjected to nitrogen starvation, grown in the presence of culture filtrates of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum, or when N-acetylglucosamine is added to the substrate. TABC2 appears to be co-regulated with some CWDE-encoding genes, suggesting that this is the first ABC transporter encoding gene involved in mycoparasitic events. It’s role in the interaction of Trichoderma with fungal hosts or plants is being investigated by targeted gene disruption and overexpression. | Lanzuise S Ruocco M Scala V Catapano L Woo S Ciliento R Ferraioli S Soriente I Vinale F Scala F Del Sorbo G Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy显示文摘In the late 1980’s the deve lop ment of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by Trichoderma spp. was not ed in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the U nited Kingdom, North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. The parasitic fungi isolated from the edible mushroom belonged to four biotypes, Th1, Th2, Th3 and Th4 of T. harzianum. However, among these biotypes, only Th2 (since c lassified as T. aggressivum f. europaeum) and Th4 (T. aggressivum f. aggressivum) were identified as the fungi causing problems in Agaricus production. In general, mushroom compost hosts both aggressive and innocuous is olates of Trichoderma, which are not morphologically distinguishable. Abo ut four years ago, a problem with green mold became apparent in the production o f Pleurotus ostreatus in Northern Italy, which eventually developed to a c risis situation in the South two years later and threatened to seriously comprom ise the Pleurotus market. This study was initiated to: isolate and identif y the aggressive fungi, then morphologically, physiologically and genetically characterize the isolates, dete rmine the source and phases of infection, and study methods of control. Samples were obtained from different phases of compost preparation at the locality of a major producer and supplier of compost to the mushroom industry in Southern Ital y, and microbial counts were conducted. Although the presence of Trichoderma was detected in the initial stages of composting, this value was reduced to zero from the phase of pasteurization to seeding with Pleurotus. Trichoderma infestations were noted in the packaged Pleurotus bales at various time s during the incubation phase (7-15 days after seeding) and after shipping to th e mushroom greenhouses, where the pathogen infestations greatly reduced the qual ity and quantity of the mushroom yield, as well as the number of potential harvest cycles. Preliminary r esults from the morphological and genetic characterization of Trichoderma isolates parasitic to Pleurotus indicated that they are different from bot h T. aggressivum forms parasitic to Agaricus, and the majority of the isolates probably belong to the species T. harzianum. In vitr o confrontation plates were performed with 26 isolates of aggressive Trich oderma obtained from compost, three Trichoderma isolates used in biolog ical control and 12 varieties of Pleurotus. No inhibitory effect was obse rved between any of the Trichoderma isolates with Pleurotus, althou gh some growth inhibition was caused by the biocontrol isolates of Trichoderm a on some of the aggressive isolates. The temperature optimum for Pleurotus growth was at 28 ℃, whereas Trichoderma grew well at a wider range (20- 28 ℃), and exceeded the growth rate of Pleurotus by three times at 25 ℃. T he pH optimum for the growth of Pleurotus was alkaline (pH 8-9) whereas Trichoderma preferred acidic-neutral pH (5-7) . Various commercial fungicides used in agriculture (procloraz, thiabendazole, dichloran, benomyl, p r opiconazole, thiofanatomethyl) were tested against the aggressive and biocontro l isolates of Trichoderma, as well as the different varieties of Pleuro tus to determine dose response curves and combinations that would inhibit spo re germination, mycelial growth and subsequent sporulation. Both procloraz and thiabendazole, which are pesticides allowed in e dible mushroom production, were found to control the growth of the aggressive Trichoderma isolates and did not have a negative effect on Pleurotus. | Woo S L Di Benedetto P Senatore M Abadi K Gigante S Soriente I Ferraioli S Scala F Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 5 | 金龟子绿僵菌分生孢子暴露在B段紫外光下毒力的降低显示文摘The UV-A and UV-B wavelengths of solar radiation may seriously reduce viability of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia,a fungus used extensively in Brazil for insect pest control.The conidial tolerances to UV-A and UV-B radiation were studied for one isolate(IBCB 425) commercially available product produced on rice grains.Aqueous or oil emulsion conidial suspensions were irradiated for 0(control),2,or 3 h using the solar simulator filtered with diacetate filter to remove UV-C radiation which afforded 652 mW·m-2 in the spectral range of 280~370 nm.The UV tolerance was based on conidial germination(viability) and virulence to Diatraea saccharalis larvae.Conidia formulated with oil emulsion had higher survival after 3 h of UV exposure,but the virulence of the conidia previously exposed to 2 h of UV radiation were similar when oil formulated or not.The mortality of D.saccharalis caterpillars exposed to non-UV-irradiated conidia was greater than that of larvae exposed to irradiated conidia,and the LT50 values were lower for the non-irradiated suspensions than for those irradiated.This apparent reduction in virulence was directly related reduction in viability or delay of germination of UV-irradiated conidia. | Edimara A Francisco Drauzio E N Rangel Newton La Scala Jr José C Barbosa Antnia do C B Correia | 2008 | 安徽农业大学学报2008，35，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 concentrations and liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Giovanni Targher Lorenzo Bertolini Luca Scala Massimo Cigolini Luciano Zenari Giancarlo Falezza Guido Arcaro | 2006 | Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases2006，，7： | 2 |
| 7 | Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance显示文摘The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not completely understood. Numerous lytic enzymes have been characterized, the encoding genes (ech42 gluc78, nag1 from T. atroviride strain P1) cloned, and their role in biocontrol demonstrated. The corresponding biocontrol-related inducible promoters have been used in a reporter system based on the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene (goxA) to monitor biocontrol activity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and hydrogen peroxide; this latter compound is known to have an antifungal effect and activate the plant defence cascade, thus increasing resistance to pathogen attack. T. atroviride P1 transformants with various promoters gox were tested as seed coating treatments on bean seeds planted in soil infested with a soilborne fungal pathogen. Successively, the emergent leaves were inoculated with a foliar pathogen to determine the effect of the GOX transformants on biocontrol and resistance to pathogen attack. Inoculations with the P1-GOX transformants not only reduced disease symptoms caused by a soil pathogen, but also the lesions of various foliar pathogens applied far from the Trichoderma colonization, thus activating ISR. A similar approach is being use to genetically improve T. harzianum T22, a rhizosphere competent and commercially marketed strain not transformed yet, by using four different gox gene constructs under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters. Plasmids have been introduced in Trichoderma by protoplasts co-transformation. hygromicin resistant progeny selected, and mitotically stable transformants analysed to confirm the presence of the novel enzyme activity. Progenies are being tested for biocontrol ISR inducing activity. | Ciliento R Woo S L Di Benedetto P Ruocco M Scala F Soriente I Ferraioli S Brunner K Zeilinger S Mach R L Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Predictive immune biomarkers: an unattainable chimera?显示文摘Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)with antibodies interfering with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4)and the programmed cell death 1(PD-1)protein tremendously revolutionized therapy for advanced cancer.Nevertheless,the activity of such agents(ipilimumab and nivolumab)is limited to a 10–45%response rate in the context of unselected populations with advanced solid tumors.Several common cancer types have demonstrated a very low frequency of response(breast,prostate and colon cancers),and heterogeneous responses have been observed between distinct tumors within the same patient.Challenges to broad clinical applicability include identifying patients most likely to benefit from checkpoint inhibitors and overcoming resistance to ICB.The immune response is a dynamic and constantly evolving process due primarily to patient-dependent factors,including genetic and tumor microenvironment(TME)features,and secondarily to treatment interventions. | Anna Maria Trotta Roberto Pacelli Stefania Scala | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，8： | 2 |
| 9 | HCV-related hepato-cellular carcinoma:from chronic inflammation to cancer显示文摘 | Castello G Scala S Palmieri G | 2010 | Clin Immunology2010，134，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Conditions for stability of the extended Kalman filter and their application to the frequency trackingproblem显示文摘 | Barbara F Scala L Robert R B | 1995 | Mathematics of Control Signals and Systems1995，8，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Once-daily NVA237 improves exercise tolerance from the first dose in patients with COPD:the GLOW3 trial显示文摘 | Beeh KM Singh D Di Scala L | 2012 | Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2012，7，： | 1 |
| 12 | Noninvasive positivepressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness显示文摘 | Scala R Naldi M Archinucci I | 2005 | Chest2005，128，： | 1 |
| 13 | Correlations in the bound future market显示文摘 | Cuniberti G Raberto M Scalas E | 1999 | Physica A1999，269，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The effect of fatty acid composition on the acrylation kinetics of epoxidized triacylglycerols 显示文摘 | LA SCALA J J BUNKER S P WOOL R P | 2002 | American Oil Chemists''Society2002，79，： | 1 |
| 15 | Occupational exposure limits for novel work schedules 显示文摘 | Brief R Scala R | 1975 | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal1975，36，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Expression of cxcr4 predicts poor prognosis in patients with malignabt melanoma显示文摘 | Scala S Ottaiano A Ascierto P A | 2005 | Clin Cancer Res2005，11，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Direct sustainable bromination of alkenes in aqueous media and basic ionic liquids 显示文摘 | PRIMERANO P CORDARO M SCALA A | 2013 | Tetrahedron Lett2013，54，： | 1 |
| 18 | Puttheservice-pmfitchaintovo&显示文摘 | Heskett J L Jmes T O Loveman G W Sasserr W E Jr ScaLA | 1994 | Har-vard Business Review1994，72，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Classes of small- world networks显示文摘 | Amaral LA Scala A Barthelemy M | 2000 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000，97，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Fractional calculus and continuous time finance 显示文摘 | SCALAS E GORENFLO R MAINARDI F | 2000 | Physica2000，284，： | 1 |
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