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| 1 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 2 | Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Fabian Springer Christina Schraml Norbert Stefan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick | 2009 | Journal of Hepatology2009，，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Targeting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in traumatic central nervous system injury显示文摘The mitochondrion serves many functions in the central nervous system(CNS) and other organs beyond the well-recognized role of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production. This includes calcium-dependent cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, synthesis and release of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and the release of cytochrome c and other apoptotic cell death factors. Traumatic injury to the CNS results in a rapid and, in some cases, sustained loss of mitochondrial function. One consequence of compromised mitochondrial function is induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition(mPT) state due to formation of the cyclosporine A sensitive permeability transition pore(mPTP). In this mini-review, we summarize evidence supporting the involvement of the mPTP as a mediator of mitochondrial and cellular demise following CNS traumatic injury and discuss the beneficial effects and limitations of the current experimental strategies targeting the mPTP. | Joe E. Springer Pareshkumar Prajapati Patrick G. Sullivan | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，8： | 3 |
| 4 | Adhesion receptors of the immune system显示文摘 | Springer TA | 1990 | Nature1990，346，： | 2 |
| 5 | Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD 50 , and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures显示文摘 | R.L. Lipnick J.A. Cotruvo R.N. Hill R.D. Bruce K.A. Stitzel A.P. Walker I. Chu M. Goddard L. Segal J.A. Springer R.C. Myers | 1995 | Food and Chemical Toxicology1995，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes显示文摘 | Frost JA Binder JR Springer JA | 1999 | Brain1999，122，1： | 2 |
| 7 | On the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between low-carbon steel and aluminum alloys显示文摘 | H. Springer A. Kostka E.J. Payton D. Raabe A. Kaysser-Pyzalla G. Eggeler | 2010 | Acta Materialia2010，，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials显示文摘 | Shen C H George S Springer | 1976 | Journal of Composite Materials1976，10，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Laser-welded Dissimilar Steel-aluminum Seams for Automotive Lightweight Construction显示文摘 | M. Schimek A. Springer S. Kaierle D. Kracht V. Wesling | 2012 | Physics Procedia2012，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Computed tomography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors显示文摘 | Nadir Ghanem Carsten Altehoefer Alex Furtw?ngler Jan Winterer Oliver Sch?fer Oliver Springer Elmar Kotter Mathias Langer | 2003 | European Radiology2003，，7： | 2 |
| 11 | Electrical impedance of a pore wall for the flooded-agglomerate model of porous gas-diffusion electrodes显示文摘 | SPRINGER T E RAISTRICK I D | 1989 | J Electrochem Soc1989，136，6： | 2 |
| 12 | TCO and light trapping in silicon thin film solar cells显示文摘 | Joachim Müller Bernd Rech Jiri Springer Milan Vanecek | 2004 | Solar Energy2004，，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Role of lymphocyte adhesion receptors in transient interactions and cell locomotion 显示文摘 | Dustin ML Springer TA | 1991 | Annu Rev Immunol1991，9，： | 1 |
| 14 | FK506 treatment inhibits caspase-3 activation and promotes oligodendroglial survival following traumatic spinal cord injury显示文摘 | Nottingham S Knapp P Springer J | 2002 | Exp Neurol2002，177，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Integrin structures and conformationa signaling显示文摘 | Bing-hao luo Timothy A Springer | 2006 | Current opinion in Cell Biology2006，18，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Serine and tyrosine phosphorylations cooperate in Raf-1, but not B-Raf activation 显示文摘 | Mason CS Springer CJ Cooper RG | 1999 | Embo J1999，18，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Adhesion receptors of the immune system显示文摘 | | 1990 | Nature1990，346，： | 1 |
| 18 | HER -2 Tissue Expres- sion correlated with serum levels in breast cancer patients 显示文摘 | Pribylovea O Springer D Vitkova I | 2007 | FoliaBio2007，53，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Activation of the caspase-3apoptotic cascade in traumatic spinal cord injury显示文摘 | Springer JE Azbill RD Knapp PE | 1999 | Nat Med1999，5，8： | 1 |
| 20 | A model of filament wound thin cylinders显示文摘 | Calius E P Springer G S | 1990 | Int J Compos Mater1990，24，3： | 1 |
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