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| 1 | 动物研究中的伦理学问题显示文摘 | Peter Singer 鲍贻倩 | 2004 | 中国医学伦理学2004，17，2： | 32 |
| 2 | World Medical Association Declaration of HelsinkiE thical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects显示文摘 | Christiane Druml M. Wolzt J. Pleiner E. A. Singer | 2001 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2001，7，3： | 28 |
| 3 | 广东省静脉吸毒者吸毒行为和性行为特征研究显示文摘目的 了解广东省艾滋病(AIDS)高危地区静脉吸毒者(IDUs)吸毒行为和性行为特征,为进一步的HIV/AIDS预防干预研究提供建议.方法 于2002年8月至2004年3月,对200名戒毒所内的静脉吸毒者进行面对面问卷调查.结果 200名IDUs年龄为20~29岁(53.0%),无业(42.5%),男性(83.5%),汉族(96.5%),初中及以下文化程度(86.5%).入所前30天使用的主要毒品是海洛因(99.5%),54%的人有多药滥用.首次吸毒年龄平均为22.79±4.87岁.注射过程中各种共用行为比率为22.0%~33.5%,79.4%的人经常重复使用一支针具.29.2%的人有多性伴,与固定和临时性伴性交从不使用安全套的比率分别为67.3%、25.7%.30%的女性有过以性换钱和换毒品行为,29.2%的男性有花钱买性服务.结论 广东省静脉吸毒者HIV感染相关危险行为普遍存在,包括直接和间接的针具共用行为及危险性行为.应进一步开展危险行为的形成与降低原因的研究,并针对特定的高危行为采取合理的预防干预措施. | 林鹏 付笑冰 李江虹 王晔 钟文龙 Merrill Singer Michael Duke 许锐恒 杨放 刘勇鹰 赵茜茜 何群 孙宝山 陈茂于 范湛丽 黄丽英 | 2006 | 中国艾滋病性病2006，12，2： | 19 |
| 4 | Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts: A case report and literature review显示文摘Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB) is a rare bile duct neoplasm mostly found in far eastern nations where hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis infections are endemic. In western countries,it is very rare and the etiology is unknown. In this article,we report the first IPNB patient we encountered in our clinic and a literature review. The patient is a 38-yearold female with a history of choledocholithiasis who presented with obstructive jaundice. She was found to have a papillary mass at the junction of the right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct with six masses in the liver parenchyma. The immunophenotypic and histologic features of the tumor are consistent with IPNB,gastric subtype. The patient had a partial hepatectomy and has been receiving palliative chemotherapy. In a search of Pub Med database,we collected 354 IPNB patients reported in 22 articles. In these patients,52.8% were from Japan and 27.7% were from western countries including the United States(11.0%). The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 80 years old with an average of 64.6. Male/female ratio was 1.5. Macroscopically,57.5% of the tumors were in the left lobe and 29.5% were in the right lobe. The average size of the tumor were 4.2 cm at the time of diagnosis. Histologically,pancreato-biliary subtype accounted for 41.8%,intestinal 28.0%,gastric 13.5% and oncocytic 16%. An invasive component is most often present in the pancreato-biliary and gastric subtypes. Despite recent advanced technologies,diagnosis of IPNB is still challenging,especially in western countries due to its rarity. Defined clinicopathologic features are in demand for the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. | Yaohong Tan Clara Milikowski Yanelba Toribio Adam Singer Claudia P Rojas Monica T Garcia-Buitrago | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 19 |
| 5 | Some Suggested Future Directions ofQuantitative Resource Assessments显示文摘Future quantitative assessments will be expected to estimate quantities, values, and locations of undiscovered mineral resources in a form that conveys both economic viability and uncertainty associated with the resources. Historically, declining metal prices point to the need for larger deposits over time. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the greatest opportunity for reducing uncertainty in assessments lies in lowering uncertainty associated with tonnage estimates. Of all errors possible in assessments, these affecting tonnage estimates are by far the most important. Selecting the correct deposit model is the most important way of controlling errors because of the dominance of tonnage-deposit models are the best known predictors of tonnage. Much of the surface is covered with apparently barren rocks and sediments in many large regions. Because many exposed mineral deposits are believed to have been found, a prime concern is the presence of possible mineralized rock under cover. Assessments of areas with resources under cover must rely on extrapolation from surrounding areas, new geologic maps of rocks under cover, or analogy with other well-explored areas that can be considered training tracts. Cover has a profound effect on uncertainty and on methods and procedures of assessments because geology is seldom known and geophysical methods typically have attenuated responses. Many earlier assessment methods were based on relationships of geochemical and geophysical variables to deposits learned from deposits exposed on the surface-these will need to be relearned based on covered deposits. Mineral-deposit models are important in quantitative resource assessments for two reasons: (1) grades and tonnages of most deposit types are significantly different, and (2) deposit types are present in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral-deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Grade and tonnage models and development of quantitative descriptive, economic, and deposit density models will help reduce the uncertainty of these new assessments. | Singer Donald A U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，1： | 15 |
| 6 | Physical rehabilitation for lung transplant candidates and recipients: An evidence-informed clinical approach显示文摘Physical rehabilitation of lung transplant candidates and recipients plays an important in optimizing physical function prior to transplant and facilitating recovery of function post-transplant. As medical and surgical interventions in lung transplantation have evolved over time, there has been a demographic shift of individuals undergoing lung transplantation including older individuals, those with multiple co-morbidites, and candidates with respiratory failure requiring bridging to transplantation. These changes have an impact on the rehabilitation needs of lung transplant candidates and recipients. This review provides a practical approach to rehabilitation based on research and clinical practice at our transplant centre. It focuses on functional assessment and exercise prescription during an uncomplicated and complicated clinical course in the pre-transplant, early and late post-transplant periods. The target audience includes clinicians involved in pre- and posttransplant patient care and rehabilitation researchers. | Lisa Wickerson Dmitry Rozenberg Tania Janaudis-Ferreira Robin Deliva Vincent Lo Gary Beauchamp Denise Helm Chaya Gottesman Polyana Mendes Luciana Vieira Margaret Herridge Lianne G Singer Sunita Mathur | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，3： | 8 |
| 7 | ABCD^(2) risk score does not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis显示文摘Introduction:ABCD^(2) risk score and cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler(TCD)have been separately shown to the predict risk of recurrent acute stroke.We studied whether ABCD2 risk score predicts cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Participants and methods:We studied 206 patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke and found to have critical carotid artery stenosis(≥50% ).86 patients(age 70±1(SEM:years),58 men,83 Caucasian)had evidence of microemboli;72(84% )of these underwent carotid endarterectomy(CEA).120 patients(age 72±1 years,91 men,113 Caucasian)did not have microemboli detected;102(85% )of these underwent CEA.Data were analysed using X2 and Mann–Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:140/206(68% :95% CI 61.63 to 74.37)patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid stenosis had an ABCD2 risk score≥4.There was no significant difference in the NICE red flag criterion for early assessment(ABCD^(2) risk score≥4)for patients with cerebral microemboli versus those without microemboli(59/86 vs 81/120 patients:OR 1.05 ABCD2 risk score≥4(95% CI 0.58 to 1.90,p=0.867)).The ABCD2 risk score was<4 in 27 of 86(31% :95% CI 21 to 41)embolising patients and in 39 of 120(31% :95% CI 23 to 39)without cerebral microemboli.After adjusting for pre-neurological event antiplatelet treatment(APT),area under the curve(AUC)of ROC for ABCD2 risk score showed no prediction of cerebral microemboli(no pre-event APT,n=57:AUC 0.45(95% CI 0.29 to 0.60,p=0.531);preevent APT,n=147:AUC 0.51(95% CI 0.42 to 0.60,p=0.804)).Conclusions:The ABCD2 score did not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli or carotid disease in over one-quarter of patients with symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis.On the basis of NICE guidelines(refer early if ABCD2≥4),assessment of high stroke risk based on ABCD2 scoring may lead to inappropriate delay in urgent treatment in many patients. | Mahmud Saedon Charles E Hutchinson Christopher H E Imray Donald R J Singer | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，2： | 6 |
| 8 | CT diagnosis of recurrence after pancreatic cancer:Is there a pattern?显示文摘AIM:To investigate predilection sites of recurrence of pancreatic cancer by computed tomography(CT)in follow-up after surgery. METHODS:Seventy seven patients with recurrence after pancreatic cancer surgery were retrospectively identified.The operative technique,R-status,T-stage and development of tumor markers were evaluated. Two radiologists analyzed CT scans with consensus readings.Location of local recurrence,lymph node recurrence and organ metastases were noted.Surgery and progression of findings on follow-up CT were con-sidered as reference standard. RESULTS:The mean follow-up interval was 3.9± 1.8 mo,with a mean relapse-free interval of 12.9± 10.4 mo.The predominant site of recurrence was local (65%),followed by lymph node(17%),liver metastasis (11%)and peritoneal carcinosis(7%).Local recurrence emerged at the superior mesenteric artery(n=28),the hepatic artery(n=8),in an area defined by the surrounding vessels:celiac trunk,portal vein,inferior vena cava(n=22),and in a space limited by the mesenteric artery,portal vein and inferior vena cava(n=17). Lymph node recurrence occurred in the mesenteric root and left lateral to the aorta.Recurrence was confirmed by surgery(n=22)and follow-up CT(n=55).Tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]increased in accordance with signs of recurrence in most cases(86%CA19-9;79.2% CEA). CONCLUSION:Specific changes of local and lymph node recurrence can be found in the course of the cardinal peripancreatic vessels.The superior mesenteric artery is the leading structure for recurrence. | Tobias Heye Nicola Zausig Miriam Klauss Reinhard Singer Jens Werner Gtz Martin Richter Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Lars Grenacher | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，9： | 6 |
| 9 | Prospective evaluation of small bowel preparation with bisacodyl and sodium phosphate for capsule endoscopy显示文摘AIM: To determine the effect of Prepacol?, a com- bination of sodium phosphate and bisacodyl, on transit and quality of capsule endoscopy (CE). METHODS: Fivety two consecutive patients were included in this prospective study. CE was performed following a 12 h fasting period. Twenty six patients were randomized for additional preparation with Prepacol?. The quality of CE was assessed separately for the proximal and the distal small bowel by 3 experienced endoscopists on the basis of a graduation which was initially developed with 20 previous CE. RESULTS: Preparation with Prepacol? accelerated small bowel transit time (262 ± 55 min vs 287 ± 97 min), but had no effect on the quality of CE. Visibility was significantly reduced in the distal compared to the proximal small bowel. CONCLUSION: The significantly reduced visibility of CE in the distal small bowel allocates the need for a good preparation. Since Prepacol? has no beneficial effect on CE the modality of preparation and the ideal time of application remains unclear. Further standardized examinations are necessary to identify sufficient preparation procedures and to determine the impact of the volume of the preparation solution. | Andreas Franke Frank Hummel Phillip Knebel Christoph Antoni Ulrich Bcker Manfred V Singer Matthias Lhr | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，13： | 5 |
| 10 | 评价血清S100B作为急性大脑中动脉梗死远期疗效与梗死体积替代指标的价值 | Foerch C. Singer O.C. Neumann-Haefelin T. 郭俊 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册)2005，0，11： | 4 |
| 11 | Enhanced expression of interleukin-18 in serum and pancreas of patients with chronic pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with chronic panreatitis (CP). METHODS: We studied 29 patients with CP and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and incubated with 50 mmol/L ethanol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (doses 25 g/L, 250 g/L, 2500 g/L) and both agents for 24 h. Levels of IL-18 in the supernatants, and levels of IL-18, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ and soluble CD14 in the serum were analysed by ELISA technique. Expression of IL-18 in PBMC was investigated by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. IL-18 protein levels in CP tissue and in normal pancreas were studied by ELISA technique. IL-18 levels in PBMC and pancreatic tissue were determined by Westernblot. Im-munohistochemistry for pancreatic IL-18 expression was performed. RESULTS: In patients, IL-18 serum levels were signifi-cantly enhanced by 76% (mean: 289.9 ± 167.7 ng/L) compared with controls (mean: 165.2 ± 43.6 ng/L; P < 0.0005). IL-12 levels were enhanced by 25% in patients (18.3 ± 7.3 ng/L) compared with controls (14.7 ± 6.8ng/L, P = 0.0576) although not reaching the statistical significance. IFN-γ and soluble CD14 levels were not in-creased. In vitro, LPS stimulated significantly and dose-dependently IL-18 secretion from PBMC. Incubation with ethanol reduced LPS-stimulated IL-18 secretion by about 50%. The mRNA expression of IL-18 in PBMC and the response of PBMC to ethanol and LPS was similar in CP patients and controls. In PBMC, no significant differences in IL-18 protein levels were detected between patients and controls. IL-18 protein levels were increased in CP tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. IL-18 was expressed by pancreatic acinar cells and by infiltrating inflammatory cells within the pancreas. CONCLUSION: IL-18 originates from the chronically inflammed pancreas and appears to be involved in the fibrotic destruction of the organ. | Alexander Schneider Stephan L Haas Ralf Hildenbrand Sren Siegmund Iris Reinhard Helmut Nakovics Manfred V Singer Peter Feick | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，40： | 4 |
| 12 | TSV:准备好量产了吗?显示文摘IDM公司,芯片代工厂和封装厂正在致力于研发穿透硅通孔技术,但是目前来看,为了能够进一步控制生产成本还有大量的工作需要完成。 | Peter Singer | 2008 | 集成电路应用2008，25，5： | 4 |
| 13 | 广东省静脉吸毒者多种成瘾物质滥用的流行病学研究显示文摘目的 了解广东省艾滋病 (AIDS)高危地区静脉吸毒人群 (IDUs)中多种成瘾物质的使用情况 ,为AIDS防治提供科学依据。方法 对在江门市和新会市戒毒所内抽取的 2 0 0名静脉吸毒者进行面对面问卷调查 ,了解其药物滥用种类、方式和药物来源等基本情况。结果 2 0 0名吸毒者以 2 0~39岁 (占 96 0 % )、男性 (占 83 5 % )、未婚 (占 5 1 5 % )、无业 (占 4 2 5 % )、汉族 (占 96 5 % )和初中及以下文化程度 (占 86 5 % )为主 ;滥用药物共有 14种 ,除 10 0 %使用海洛因外 ,使用较多的毒品还包括安定、三唑轮、大麻、摇头丸等 ,使用 2种及以上者占 76 0 % ;对三唑轮等非常见毒品 ,76 9% (6 0 /78)的人主要采取口服的方式 ,其他方式有鼻吸、混合或单独注射等 ;毒品主要来源于黑市和私人药店 ;首次饮酒年龄越低 ,开始使用海洛因、安定或安定加海洛因的年龄越低 (相关系数分别为 0 2 2、0 2 4、0 2 3,P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。结论 IDUs多种成瘾物质滥用现象严重 ,滥用药物广泛 ,滥用方式多样 ,必须采取相应措施 ,解决多药滥用问题。 | 付笑冰 林鹏 李江虹 王晔 钟文龙 许锐恒 杨放 Merrill Singer Michael Duke 刘勇鹰 赵茜茜 何群 孙宝山 陈茂于 范湛丽 黄丽英 | 2004 | 华南预防医学2004，30，6： | 4 |
| 14 | RANKL/RANK control Brca1 mutation-driven mammary tumors显示文摘 | Verena Sig Kwadwo Owusu-Boaitey Puma A Joshi Anoop Kavirayani Gerald Wimsberger Maria Novatchkova Ivona Kozieradzki Daniel Schramek Nnamdi Edokobi Jerome Hersl Aishia Sampson Ashley Odai-Afotey Conxi Lazaro Eva Gonzalez-Suarez Miguel A Pujaaa for CIMBA Holger Heyn Enrique Vidal Jennifer Cru. ickshank Hal Berman Renu Sarao Melita Tieevic Iris Uribesalgo Luigi Tortola Shuan Rao Yen Tan Georg Pfeiler Eva YHP Lee Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath Lukas Kenner Helmuth Popper Christian Singer Rama Khokha LaundeRe P Jones Josef M Penninger | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，7： | 3 |
| 15 | Treatment of fistula-in-ano using a porcine small intestinal submucosa anal fistula plug显示文摘 | J. R. Cintron H. Abcarian V. Chaudhry M. Singer S. Hunt E. Birnbaum M. G. Mutch J. Fleshman | 2013 | Techniques in Coloproctology2013，，2： | 3 |
| 16 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 17 | Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction显示文摘 | Alain Rudiger Mervyn Singer | 2007 | Critical Care Medicine2007，，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Fractal analysis of retinal vasculature in normal subjects on ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the fractal feature of the retinal vasculature of normal eyes on a stereographic projected and montaged ultra-wide field(UWF) fluorescein angiography(FA).METHODS: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Totally 59 eyes of 31 normal subjects were imaged using the Optos 200 Tx. Images obtained at different gaze angles stereographically projected and montaged. The early-phase UWF FA frames were processed to segment the retinal vasculature and the results were exported as binary masks. The fractal dimension(FD) was calculated using the box-counting method.RESULTS: The global FD for the entire retina was 1.6±0.04, with no difference between males and females(1.59±0.04 vs 1.61±0.04, P=0.084) or between right and left eyes(1.6±0.04 vs 1.6±0.05, P=0.61). FD was nonuniformly distributed among four quadrants(P<0.001) and decreased as the distance from the fovea increased(P<0.001). A negative association was observed between FD and age(R=-0.37, P=0.006), and this relationship was observed in the posterior and mid-peripheral retina(P<0.05) but absent in far-periphery(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Fractal geometry is non-uniformly distributed across the retina in normal eyes and decreases from the fovea to the far-periphery. Subjects with an older age tend to have a smaller FD, however, the FD in the farperiphery does not appear to be influenced by age. | Wen-Ying Fan Alan Fleming Gavin Robertson Akihito Uji Jano van Hemert Michael Singer Min Sagong Michael Ip SriniVas R.Sadda | 2020 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2020，13，7： | 3 |
| 19 | 纳米压印技术:32纳米光刻之选?显示文摘设想一下,如果能够一步实现低介电常数绝缘材料的双大马士革结构(包括通孔和金属导线槽),就能减少123步的工艺步骤。这就是纳米压印技术所能够带来的惊人之处。此外,这项技术成本低廉、潜力无限。 | Peter Singer | 2006 | 集成电路应用2006，23，10： | 3 |
| 20 | 社区外展:广州吸毒者的个案研究显示文摘通过描述发现和接近吸毒者群体的过程 ,分析广州地区静脉注射吸毒者的类型和特点以及他们大致的分布地点 ,总结了在艾滋病研究中如何应用人类学知识从事“社区外展活动”。最后 ,文章总结了这次外展活动的经验和教训 ,对今后研究隐藏在社区中的静脉吸毒的招募方法提出了建议。 | 程瑜 李江虹 Michael Duke Merrill Singer | 2004 | 广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2004，26，4： | 3 |
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