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| 1 | Cloning of first abc transporter encoding gene from Trichoderma spp. and its expression during stress and mycoparasitism显示文摘Trichoderma in its natural environment competes for nutrient uptake and is required to protect itself from adverse natural toxic compounds, such as those produced by plants and other microbes in the soil community, or synthetic toxic compounds released human activity. One of the most important metabolic pathways for drug resistance and substrate uptake, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is ATP dependent. The role of ABC transporter proteins in the biology of Trichoderma is still not known. We present the cloning of the first four ABC transporter genes (TABC1, TABC2, TABC3, TABC4 ) in Trichoderma, and in particular T. atroviride P1, and the characterization of TABC2 The complete sequence of this gene is 6535 bp, which includes a promoter of 1624 bp, a terminator of 642 bp and a coding region of 4264 bp. The promoter contains many of the potential transcription factor binding sites found in the 5’ upstream region of the ech42 gene of T. atroviride P1. These included: heat shock factors (HSF), a nitrogen-regulating factor (Nit-2), a stress-response element (STRE), a GCR1 elements, and a Cre BP1 motif. Northern analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that TABC2 is highly expressed when Trichoderma is subjected to nitrogen starvation, grown in the presence of culture filtrates of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum, or when N-acetylglucosamine is added to the substrate. TABC2 appears to be co-regulated with some CWDE-encoding genes, suggesting that this is the first ABC transporter encoding gene involved in mycoparasitic events. It’s role in the interaction of Trichoderma with fungal hosts or plants is being investigated by targeted gene disruption and overexpression. | Lanzuise S Ruocco M Scala V Catapano L Woo S Ciliento R Ferraioli S Soriente I Vinale F Scala F Del Sorbo G Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance显示文摘The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not completely understood. Numerous lytic enzymes have been characterized, the encoding genes (ech42 gluc78, nag1 from T. atroviride strain P1) cloned, and their role in biocontrol demonstrated. The corresponding biocontrol-related inducible promoters have been used in a reporter system based on the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene (goxA) to monitor biocontrol activity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and hydrogen peroxide; this latter compound is known to have an antifungal effect and activate the plant defence cascade, thus increasing resistance to pathogen attack. T. atroviride P1 transformants with various promoters gox were tested as seed coating treatments on bean seeds planted in soil infested with a soilborne fungal pathogen. Successively, the emergent leaves were inoculated with a foliar pathogen to determine the effect of the GOX transformants on biocontrol and resistance to pathogen attack. Inoculations with the P1-GOX transformants not only reduced disease symptoms caused by a soil pathogen, but also the lesions of various foliar pathogens applied far from the Trichoderma colonization, thus activating ISR. A similar approach is being use to genetically improve T. harzianum T22, a rhizosphere competent and commercially marketed strain not transformed yet, by using four different gox gene constructs under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters. Plasmids have been introduced in Trichoderma by protoplasts co-transformation. hygromicin resistant progeny selected, and mitotically stable transformants analysed to confirm the presence of the novel enzyme activity. Progenies are being tested for biocontrol ISR inducing activity. | Ciliento R Woo S L Di Benedetto P Ruocco M Scala F Soriente I Ferraioli S Brunner K Zeilinger S Mach R L Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Conditions for stability of the extended Kalman filter and their application to the frequency trackingproblem显示文摘 | Barbara F Scala L Robert R B | 1995 | Mathematics of Control Signals and Systems1995，8，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Noninvasive positivepressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness显示文摘 | Scala R Naldi M Archinucci I | 2005 | Chest2005，128，： | 1 |
| 5 | The effect of fatty acid composition on the acrylation kinetics of epoxidized triacylglycerols 显示文摘 | LA SCALA J J BUNKER S P WOOL R P | 2002 | American Oil Chemists''Society2002，79，： | 1 |
| 6 | Occupational exposure limits for novel work schedules 显示文摘 | Brief R Scala R | 1975 | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal1975，36，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Fractional calculus and continuous time finance 显示文摘 | SCALAS E GORENFLO R MAINARDI F | 2000 | Physica2000，284，： | 1 |
| 8 | Respiratory high - dependency care units for the burdenof acute respiratory failure显示文摘 | Scala R | 2012 | Eur J Intern Med2012，23，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Modelling short-term temporal changes of bare soil CO2 emissions in a tropical agrosystem by using meteorological data显示文摘 | Scala N L Panosso A R Pereira G T 2003 | 2003 | Applied Soil Ecology2003，24，： | 1 |
| 10 | Fluidized bed combustion of pelletized biomass andwaste-derived fuels 显示文摘 | Chirone R Salatino P Scala F Solimene R UrciuoloM | 2008 | Combustion and Flame2008，155，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and varying level of consciousness显示文摘 | SCALA R NALDI M | 2005 | Chest2005，128，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Acceptance, effectiveness and safety of continuous positive airwaypressure in acute stroke: a pilot study显示文摘 | SCALA R TURKINGTON P M WANKLYN P | 2009 | Respir Med2009，103，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Microcirculation as a target for the antiinflarnrnatory properties of statins显示文摘 | Scala R Stalker T J | 2002 | Microcirculation2002，9，： | 1 |
| 14 | Noninvasive Versus conventional Ventilation to treat hypercapnic encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 显示文摘 | Scala R Nava S Conti G | 2007 | Intensive Care Med2007，33，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Noninvasive versus conventional ventilation to treat hypercapnic encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Scala R Nava S Conti G | 2007 | Intensive Care Med2007，33，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Noninvasive positive pressureventilation in patient S with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness显示文摘 | Scala R Naldi M Amhinucci I | 2005 | Chest2005，128，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness 显示文摘 | Scala R Naldi M Archinucci I | 2005 | Chest2005，128，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Noninvasive versus con-ventional ventilation to treat hypercapnic encephalopathyin chronic obstructive pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Scala R Nava S Conti G | 2007 | Intensive CareMed2007，33，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Major secondary metabolites produced by two commercial Trichoderma strains active against different phytopathogens显示文摘 | Vinale F Marra R Scala F | 2006 | Letters in Applied Microbiology2006，13，： | 1 |
| 20 | Occupational health aspects of unusual work schedules : a review of Exxon' s experiences显示文摘 | BRIEF R S SCALA R A | 1986 | Am Ind Hyg Assoc1986，47，4： | 1 |
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