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| 1 | Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries显示文摘It is believed that human ancestors evolved the ability to run bipedally approximately 2 million years ago. This form of locomotion may have been important to our survival and likely has influenced the evolution of our body form. As our bodies have adapted to run, it seems unusual that up to 79% of modern day runners are injured annually. The etiology of these injuries is clearly multifactorial. However, 1 aspect of running that has significantly changed over the past 50 years is the footwear we use. Modern running shoes have become increasingly cushioned and supportive, and have changed the way we run. In particular, they have altered our footstrike pattern from a predominantly forefoot strike(FFS) landing to a predominantly rearfoot strike(RFS) landing. This change alters the way in which the body is loaded and may be contributing to the high rate of injuries runners experience while engaged in an activity for which they were adapted. In this paper, we will examine the benefits of barefoot running(typically an FFS pattern),and compare the lower extremity mechanics between FFS and RFS. The implications of these mechanical differences, in terms of injury, will be discussed. We will then provide evidence to support our contention that FFS provides an optimal mechanical environment for specific foot and ankle structures, such as the heel pad, the plantar fascia, and the Achilles tendon. The importance of footwear will then be addressed, highlighting its interaction with strike pattern on mechanics. This analysis will underscore why footwear matters when assessing mechanics. Finally, proper preparation and safe transition to an FFS pattern in minimal shoes will be emphasized. Through the discussion of the current literature, we will develop a justification for returning to running in the way for which we were adapted to reduce running-related injuries. | Irene S.Davis Hannah M.Rice Scott C.Wearing | 2017 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2017，6，2： | 10 |
| 2 | 冷却趋势:电力电子系统将依赖于散热技术显示文摘电力电子系统和器件的发展依赖于散热技术的进步。文章介绍了有关的散热器件,如散热器、热间隙垫片、热管、热扩散器、冷却板、插件集热器,以及解决散热问题的设计软件。 | S.Davis 黄慧 | 2002 | 变流技术与电力牵引2002，，6： | 4 |
| 3 | YAP1对颗粒细胞的重编程可导致具间质谱系和浆液性特征的高级别卵巢癌显示文摘高级别浆液性卵巢癌(HGSC)是临床中最常见、且恶性程度最高的卵巢癌.深入了解高级别浆液性卵巢癌的起源细胞可对该亚型卵巢癌进行有效预防和早期诊断.最近TCGA和AOCS通过分子分型研究发现了一种具有间充质特征的高级别浆液性卵巢癌亚型,并且表明该亚型是所有新发现的亚型中预后最差的一种,而且目前大家对于这种卵巢癌新亚型的起源细胞一无所知.在研究Hippo信号通路在卵巢颗粒细胞生理和病理中的作用时,意外地发现Hippo信号传导途径的主要效应分子YAP1的高度激活可以诱导具有间质谱系和高可塑性的卵巢颗粒细胞的去分化与重编程,最终导致具有浆液性特征的高级别卵巢癌的发生.本文的研究结果揭示了具间质特征的高级别浆液性卵巢癌的一种潜在起源细胞. | 吕向民 何春波 黄聪 滑国华 陈骍程 Barbara K.Timm Victoria M.Maclin Abigail A.Haggerty Shelly K.Aust Denae M.Golden Bhavana J.Dave Yun-An Tseng 陈利 王洪波 陈培超 David L.Klinkebiel Adam R.Karpf Jixin Dong Ronny I.Drapkin Bo R.Rueda John S.Davis 王诚 | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，15： | 2 |
| 4 | 有指导的赤脚跑可降低地面反作用力变量(英文)显示文摘背景:赤脚跑日益流行,据称这种方式更加自然,而且因为能降低冲击载荷而减少损伤。但赤脚跑初学者却未必会立刻切换到前脚掌着地模式,这可能增加载荷速率等力学参数。载荷速率与某些跑步引起的损伤相关,特别是胫骨应力骨折、髌股关节疼痛和足底筋膜炎。本研究旨在用实时力反馈检查穿传统跑鞋跑步和有指导的赤脚跑两种情况下载荷参数的变化。方法:让49名因下肢损伤就医的病人在力传感跑步机上穿传统跑鞋跑步,再以同样速度赤脚跑步。他们赤脚跑时得到口头指导,并收到垂直地面反作用力实时反馈。结果:有92%(n=45)的受试者穿鞋跑步时为后脚跟着地模式,只有2%(n=1)的受试者在有指导的赤脚跑时用后脚跟着地。另外,赤脚跑时有47%(n=23)的受试者在所分析的8步中垂直瞬态冲击消失。从穿鞋跑变为有指导的赤脚跑,所有受关注的载荷变量均显著降低,包括:地面反作用力的最大瞬时和平均垂直加载速率(p<0.0001)、初始加载硬度(p<0.0001)、内侧(p=0.001)和外侧(p<0.0001)地面反作用力峰值,以及垂直(p<0.0001)、内侧(p=0.047)、外侧(p<0.0001)方向的脉冲。结论:由于冲击载荷与某些跑步引起的损伤相关,因此在跑步者由穿鞋跑过渡到赤脚跑时,应给予适当的有关前脚掌着地模式的指导和反馈,从而降低损伤风险。 | Cynthia D.Samaan Michael J.Rainbow Irene S.Davis | 2014 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2014，3，2： | 2 |
| 5 | The Phenomenon of Substantive Conflict in the Family Firm: A Cross‐Generational Study显示文摘 | Peter S.Davis Paula D.Harveston | 2008 | Journal of Small Business Management2008，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | W4:Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities显示文摘 | Ismail Haritaoglu David Harwood Larry S.Davis | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 7 | Transition to forefoot strike reduces load rates more effectively than altered cadence显示文摘Background: Excessive vertical impacts at landing are associated with common running injuries. Two primary gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing impact forces are transition to forefoot strike and increasing cadence. The objective of this study was to compare the shortand long-term effects of 2 gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing landing impacts.Methods: A total of 39 healthy recreational runners using a rearfoot strike and a cadence of 170 steps/min were randomized into cadence(CAD) or forefoot strike(FFS) groups. All participants performed 4 weeks of strengthening followed by 8 sessions of gait-retraining using auditory feedback. Vertical average load rates(VALR) and vertical instantaneous load rates(VILR) were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force curve. Both cadence and foot strike angle were measured using 3D motion analysis and an instrumented treadmill at baseline and at 1 week,1 month, and 6 months post retraining.Results: ANOVA revealed that the FFS group had significant reductions in VALR(49.7%) and VILR(41.7%), and changes were maintained long term. Foot strike angle in the FFS group changed from 14.2° dorsiflexion at baseline to 3.4° plantarflexion, with changes maintained long term. The CAD group exhibited significant reduction only in VALR(16%) and only at 6 months. Both groups had significant and similar increases in cadence at all follow-ups(CAD, +7.2% to 173 steps/min;and FFS, +6.1% to 172 steps/min).Conclusion: Forefoot strike gait-retraining resulted in significantly greater reductions in VALR and similar increases in cadence compared to cadence gait-retraining in the short and long term. Cadence gait-retraining resulted in small reductions in VALR at only the 6-month follow-up. | Erin E.Futrell K.Douglas Gross Darcy Reisman David R.Mullineaux Irene S.Davis | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Early Growth Response‐1 Contributes to Steatosis Development After Acute Ethanol Administration显示文摘 | Terrence M.Donohue Natalia A.Osna Casey S.Trambly Nash P.Whitaker Paul G.Thomes Sandra L.Todero John S.Davis | 2012 | Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research2012，，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Use of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively to assist in big bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty显示文摘Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)is preferred over conventional penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the treatment of anterior corneal opacities or ectasias due to decreased risk of endothelial rejection.However,DALK remains surgically challenging,largely due to challenges associated with achieving consistent pneumo-dissection of posterior stroma from the underlying pre-Descemet’s or Descemet’s membrane(DM).Air must be injected at sufficient depth in the corneal stroma in order to achieve successful pneumo-dissection,but advancing a needle too deep into the cornea can lead to perforation of DM.We describe here a novel technique using a handheld slit lamp(Eidolon model 510L,Eidolon Optical LLC,Natick,MA,USA)to assist in creation of the big-bubble in DALK surgery.Use of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively is a safe,relatively inexpensive,and effective technique for increasing the success of big-bubble formation in DALK procedures. | Alexander S.Davis Peter Bedard Joshua H.Hou | 2018 | Annals of Eye Science2018，，1： | 0 |
| 10 | 用作药物载体的聚合物微球显示文摘聚合物载体 近年来,人们用聚合体系作为药物载体的兴趣日益浓厚。这些体系既可采用可溶性聚合物(与药物形成可生物降解的键),也可采用可生物降解的微球(药物结合于微球中)。概括说来,通常把用于药物输送的聚合物微球归类为胶体载体。 | Stanley S.Davis Lisbeth Illum 杨晓陆 | 1989 | 生物医学工程学杂志1989，6，3： | 0 |
| 11 | Berrimach病毒免疫奶牛的研究显示文摘Berrimacb病毒(BERV)是牛流行热病毒(BEFV)的相关病毒。它对牛仅表现为亚临床感染,在血清学上与BEPV存在交叉反应。以纯化BERV与Quil A佐剂配成免疫制剂接种奶牛后,取得了良好的免疫效果。 | 张自刚 S.Davis | 1995 | 中国畜禽传染病1995，，5： | 0 |
| 12 | 加州兰德斯7.3级地震远距离触发的地震活动显示文摘1992年6月28日7.3级兰德斯地震在美国西部大部分地区触发了地震活动的异常迅速而广泛的增强.所触发的地震发生在距兰德斯主震1250km(震源尺度的17倍)处,范围局限于具有持久地震活动性的地区,并呈走滑到正断层机制.其中许多还是地热和近代火山活动场所.根据计算的地震弹性模型的静应力交化似乎很小,并不足以导致触发。最有可能的解释是,伴随主震地震波的大的动应交和地壳流体(或许还包括地壳岩浆)之间的非线性相互作用。 | D.P.Hill P.A.Reasenberg A.Michacl W.JArabaz G.Beroza D.Brumbaugh J.N.Drune R.Castro S.Davis D.dePolo W.L.Rllsworth J.Gombers S.Harmsen L.House S.M.Jackon M.J.S.Johnston R.Keller S.Malone L.Mungula S.nava J.C.Pechmann A.Sanford R.W.Simpson R.B.Smith M.Stickney A.Vudal S.Walter V.Wong J.Zollweg 张嘉延 | 1994 | 世界地震译丛1994，25，4： | 0 |
| 13 | Impact loading in female runners with single and multiple bone stress injuries during fresh and exerted conditions显示文摘Background:Bone stress injuries(BSIs)are common in female runners,and recurrent BSI rates are high.Previous work suggests an association between higher impact loading during running and tibial BSI.However,it is unknown whether impact loading and fatigue-related loading changes discriminate women with a history of multiple BSIs.This study compared impact variables at the beginning of a treadmill run to exertion andthe changes in those variables with exertion among female runners with no history of BSI as well as among those with a history of single or multiple BSIs.Methods:We enrolled 45 female runners(aged 18-40 years)for this cross-sectional study:having no history of diagnosed lower extremity BSI(N-BSI,n=14);a history of 1 lower extremity BSI(1-BSI,n=16);and diagnosed by imaging,or a history of multiple(>3)lower extremity BSIs(M-BSI,n=15).Participants completed a 5-km race speed run on an instrumented treadmill while wearing an Inertial Measurement Unit.The vertical average loading rate(VALR),vertical instantaneous loading rate(VILR),vertical stiffness during impact via instrumented treadmill,and tibial shock determined as the peak po sitive tibial acceleration via Inertial Measurement Unit were measured at the beginning and the end of the run.Results:There were no differences between groups in VALR,VILR,vertical stiffness,or tibial shock in a fresh or exerted condition.However,compared to N-BSI,women with M-BSI had greater increase with exertion in VALR(-1.8%vs.6.1%,p=0.01)and VILR(1.5%vs.4.8%,p=0.03).Similarly,compared to N-BSI,vertical stiffness increased more with exertion among women with M-BSI(-0.9%vs.7.3%,p=0.006)and 1-BSI(-0.9%vs.1.8%,p=0.05).Finally,compared to N-BSI,the increase in tibial shock from fresh to exerted condition was greater among women with M-BSI(0.9%vs.5.5%,p=0.03)and 1-BSI(0.9%vs.11.2%,p=0.02).Conclusion:Women with 1-BSI or M-BSIs experience greater exertion-related increases in impact loading than women with N-BSI.These observations imply that exertion-related changes in gait biomechanics may contribute to risk of BSI. | Kristin L.Popp Jereme Outerleys Sarah Gehman Margaret Garrahan Sara Rudolph Elizabeth Loranger Kathryn E.Ackerman Adam S.Tenforde Mary L.Bouxsein Irene S.Davis | 2023 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2023，12，3： | 0 |
| 14 | 一种疫苗稳定剂对含氯水中新城疫活疫苗(ND)的影响显示文摘将新城疫冻干活苗分别稀释在(a)蒸馏水,(b)含4 mL/L游离氯的蒸馏水,或(c)含有4 mL/L游离氯及疫苗稳定剂的蒸馏水中。分别在0和60 min测定蒸馏水组中SPF鸡胚的病毒效价,在30 min和60 min测定含氯水试验组及稳定剂试验组SPF鸡胚的病毒效价。测定结果表明,疫苗稳定剂可完全保护疫苗中病毒不受4 mL/L游离氯的有害影响。 | 张江 Vergil S.Davis Ryan Izard | 2013 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2013，，3： | 0 |
| 15 | 调整日粮和光照提高鸭的产蛋量显示文摘根据饲喂商用北京小鸭和肉用种鸡的经验,已经建立了能提高种鸭性能的管理方案。在以往的试验中,为了住一定周龄达到特定的体重,给种小鸭饲喂限制日粮,结果产蛋性能比连续饲喂的种小鸭高。限制日粮控制营养进食量,可防止体脂过多。雌禽体脂过多会影响生殖道的功能。生殖道常常会因为腹部脂肪积累而被勒紧或堵塞。 | Gary S.Davis 魏仲民 | 1992 | 国外畜牧科技1992，19，5： | 0 |
| 16 | 赤脚跑与穿极简鞋跑研究的发展历史与未来走向(英文)显示文摘Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little interest.Our ancestors ran barefoot because they had no shoes.When footwear was first invented during the last 40,000 years (no doubt at different times and in different places),shoes were by necessity minimal-essentially sandals and moccasins-designed to protect the sole of the foot but lacking any of the sophisticated features and materials present in modem running shoes such as elevated cushioned heels,arch supports,and toe springs.Most of these features were invented in the 1970s,and they quickly became more popular and sophisticated as running underwent a worldwide boom.Today,the vast majority of runners think it is normal to wear cushioned running shoes,and would never dream of running without them. | Daniel E.Lieberman Irene S.Davis Benno M.Nigg | 2014 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2014，3，2： | 0 |
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