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| 1 | 一种房颤风险评分系统的建立(Framingham心脏研究):基于社区的队列研究显示文摘背景房颤导致了发病率和病死率的显著上升。本研究旨在建立一种预测个体罹患房颤绝对风险的风险评分系统,并提供研究人员评价新危险因素的流程。方法作者评估了Framingham心脏研究中于1968年6月至1987年9月间进行了8044次检测的4764例参与者(55%为女性,年龄45~95岁)。此后,参与者被随访至房颤首发,随访期最长达10年。多变量Coxi回归确认出1(1年内罹患房颤的临床危险因素。次级分析纳入了常规超声心动图检测指标(5152例4参与者,7156次检测)对房颤风险进行再分层评估,并评价超声检测指标能否提高风险预测能力。结果4764例参与者中的457例4(10%)罹患房颤。年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、降压治疗、PR间期、有临床意义的心脏杂音及心力衰竭与房颤相关,并被纳入了风险评分模型(除体重指数P=0.08外,其余均为P〈0.05),模型的C统计量为0.78(95%CI0.76~0.80)。10年房颤风险随年龄变化:年龄〈65岁的人群中53例(1%)风险高于15%,而〉65岁的人群中为783例(27%)。为提高预测能力而纳入超声检测指标仅使模型C统计量略微增高,由0.78(95%C10.75~0.80)增至0.79(95%CI0.77~0.82:P=0.005)。超声心动图检测指标并不能改善风险再分层评估(P=0.18)。结论基于社区医疗中易得的临床因素建立的风险评分系统,有助于确认社区个体罹患房颤的风险,评估技术或标志物能否改善风险预测,以及针对高危个体采取预防措施。 | Renate B Schnabel Lisa M Sullivan Daniel Levy Michael J Pencina Joseph M Massaro Ralph B D'Agostino Sr Christopher Newton-Cheh Jennifer F Yamamoto Jared W Magnani Thomas M Tadros William B Kannel Thomas J Wang Patrick T Ellinor Philip A Wolf Ramachanclran S Vasan Emelia J Benjamin 黄刚(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，9： | 2 |
| 2 | An Algorithmic Approach to the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neoplasms显示文摘 | Klimstra David S Pitman Martha B Hruban Ralph H | 2009 | Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine2009，，： | 2 |
| 3 | The formation and early differentiation of sea urchin gonads显示文摘 | Houk Margaret S Hingardner Ralph T | 1980 | Biological Bulletin1980，159，： | 1 |
| 4 | Development and practical test of a weighable groundwater lysimeter for floodplain sites 显示文摘 | DOERTHE B S RALPH M E HOLGER R | 2004 | Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science2004，167，： | 1 |
| 5 | p-Coumaroylated syringyl units in maize lignin; implications for a-ether cleavage by thioacidolysis显示文摘 | Grabber J H Quideau S Ralph J | 1996 | Phytochemistry1996，43，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Bioener-getic pathways in tumor mitochondria as targets for canc-er therapy and the importance of the ROS-induced apop-totic trigger显示文摘 | Ralph SJ Rodriguez-Enriquez S Neuzil J | 2010 | Mol Aspects Med2010，31，1： | 1 |
| 7 | A lite- rature review of the epidemiology and treatment of acute gout显示文摘 | KIM K Y RALPH S H HUNSCHE E | 2003 | Clin Ther2003，25，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Reverse engineering of geometric models—an introduction显示文摘 | Tamás Várady Ralph R Martin Jordan Cox | 1997 | Computer-Aided Design1997，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Heparanase activity is dysregulated in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syn drome显示文摘 | Holt R C Wehb N J Ralph S | 2005 | Kidney Int2005，67，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Distribution of locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of oxytropis lambertii显示文摘 | Ralphs M H Welsh S L Gardner D R | 2002 | Journal of Chemical Ecology2002，28，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of physical training on insulin action in obesity显示文摘 | Defronzo Robert S | 1987 | Diabetes1987，36，： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparison of the binding stoichiometries of positively charged DNA-binding drugs using positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Gupta R Beck J L Ralph S F | 2004 | J Am Soc Mass Spectrom2004，15，10： | 1 |
| 13 | New high-speed scanning technique for Computed Radiography显示文摘 | Ralph S Robert F Peter K | 2002 | SPIE2002，4682，： | 1 |
| 14 | Transport of metal ions across an electrically switchable cation exchange membrane based on polypyrrole doped with a sulfonated calyx arene 显示文摘 | Akich M N Ralph S F Bobacka J | 2010 | J Membrane Sci2010，354，： | 1 |
| 15 | Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence显示文摘 | Johan S Lisa S Ralph BDA | 2005 | Hypertension2005，45，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease-loca- ring the primary defect显示文摘 | Ralph A N Ymlg D S | 2011 | Neurobiol Dis2011，43，1： | 1 |
| 17 | In search of the tumour-soppressor functions of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2显示文摘 | David ML | 2000 | Nature2000，408，： | 1 |
| 18 | Similar Outcomes for Nail versus Plate Fixation of Three-part Proximal Humeral Fractures显示文摘 | Gerhard Konrad Laurent Audigé Simon Lambert Ralph Hertel Norbert P. Südkamp | 2012 | 2012，，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Biomechanical analysis of transpedicular screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine 显示文摘 | Ralph K Wolfgang R Erich S | 2004 | Spine2004，2917，： | 1 |
| 20 | Transformation of 'Beune Bose'pear with the nolC gene 显示文摘 | Richard L B Ralph S Chinnathambi S | 1999 | J Amer Soc Hort Sci1999，124，6： | 1 |
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