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| 1 | Cloning of first abc transporter encoding gene from Trichoderma spp. and its expression during stress and mycoparasitism显示文摘Trichoderma in its natural environment competes for nutrient uptake and is required to protect itself from adverse natural toxic compounds, such as those produced by plants and other microbes in the soil community, or synthetic toxic compounds released human activity. One of the most important metabolic pathways for drug resistance and substrate uptake, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is ATP dependent. The role of ABC transporter proteins in the biology of Trichoderma is still not known. We present the cloning of the first four ABC transporter genes (TABC1, TABC2, TABC3, TABC4 ) in Trichoderma, and in particular T. atroviride P1, and the characterization of TABC2 The complete sequence of this gene is 6535 bp, which includes a promoter of 1624 bp, a terminator of 642 bp and a coding region of 4264 bp. The promoter contains many of the potential transcription factor binding sites found in the 5’ upstream region of the ech42 gene of T. atroviride P1. These included: heat shock factors (HSF), a nitrogen-regulating factor (Nit-2), a stress-response element (STRE), a GCR1 elements, and a Cre BP1 motif. Northern analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that TABC2 is highly expressed when Trichoderma is subjected to nitrogen starvation, grown in the presence of culture filtrates of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum, or when N-acetylglucosamine is added to the substrate. TABC2 appears to be co-regulated with some CWDE-encoding genes, suggesting that this is the first ABC transporter encoding gene involved in mycoparasitic events. It’s role in the interaction of Trichoderma with fungal hosts or plants is being investigated by targeted gene disruption and overexpression. | Lanzuise S Ruocco M Scala V Catapano L Woo S Ciliento R Ferraioli S Soriente I Vinale F Scala F Del Sorbo G Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance显示文摘The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not completely understood. Numerous lytic enzymes have been characterized, the encoding genes (ech42 gluc78, nag1 from T. atroviride strain P1) cloned, and their role in biocontrol demonstrated. The corresponding biocontrol-related inducible promoters have been used in a reporter system based on the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene (goxA) to monitor biocontrol activity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and hydrogen peroxide; this latter compound is known to have an antifungal effect and activate the plant defence cascade, thus increasing resistance to pathogen attack. T. atroviride P1 transformants with various promoters gox were tested as seed coating treatments on bean seeds planted in soil infested with a soilborne fungal pathogen. Successively, the emergent leaves were inoculated with a foliar pathogen to determine the effect of the GOX transformants on biocontrol and resistance to pathogen attack. Inoculations with the P1-GOX transformants not only reduced disease symptoms caused by a soil pathogen, but also the lesions of various foliar pathogens applied far from the Trichoderma colonization, thus activating ISR. A similar approach is being use to genetically improve T. harzianum T22, a rhizosphere competent and commercially marketed strain not transformed yet, by using four different gox gene constructs under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters. Plasmids have been introduced in Trichoderma by protoplasts co-transformation. hygromicin resistant progeny selected, and mitotically stable transformants analysed to confirm the presence of the novel enzyme activity. Progenies are being tested for biocontrol ISR inducing activity. | Ciliento R Woo S L Di Benedetto P Ruocco M Scala F Soriente I Ferraioli S Brunner K Zeilinger S Mach R L Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 3 | The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp,phytopathogenic fungi,and plants显示文摘 | Woo S L Scala F Ruocco M | 2006 | Phytopathology2006，96，： | 1 |
| 4 | Comparison between eosinophilic markers in induced sputum and blood in asthmatic patients显示文摘 | Cianchetti S Ruocco L | 1998 | Clin Exp Allergy1998，28，10： | 1 |
| 5 | A new collection method for the evaluation of nasal mucus proteins显示文摘 | Fattori B Romanelli A | 1998 | Clin Exp Allergy1998，28，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Optimum topological design of simply supported composite stiffened panels via genetic algorithms显示文摘 | Iuspa L Ruocco E | 2008 | Computers & Structures2008，86，： | 1 |
| 7 | Salbutamol pretreatnaent does not change eosinophil percentage and eosinophilic cationic protein concentration in hypertonic saline induced sputum in asthmatic subjects 显示文摘 | Cianchetti S Bacci E Ruocco L | 1999 | Clin Exp Allergy1999，29，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Are sputum eosinophilcationic protein and eosinophils differently associated with clini-cal and functional findings of asthma 显示文摘 | Cianchetti S Bacci E Ruocco L | 2014 | Clin Exp Allergy2014，44，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Regulatory T-cells in pregnancy: historical perspective, state of the art, and burning questions显示文摘 | Ruocco MG Chaouat G Florez L | 2014 | Front Immunoi2014，5，： | 1 |
| 10 | Dopamine phenotype and behaviour in animal models:in relation to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 显示文摘 | VIGGIANO D RUOCCO L A SADILE A G | 2003 | Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews2003，27，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Saddles in the energy landscape probed by supercooled liquids显示文摘 | Angelani L Leonardo R Ruocco G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Are sputum eosinophil cat- ionic protein and eosinophils differently associated with clinical and functional findings of asthma 显示文摘 | Cianchetti S Bacci E Ruocco L | 2014 | Clin Exp Allergy2014，44，5： | 1 |
| 13 | The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp,Phytopathogic fungi and Plants显示文摘 | WOO S L SCALA F RUOCCO M | 2006 | Phytopatho12006，96，： | 1 |
| 14 | The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp,phytopathogenic fungi and plants显示文摘 | Woo S L Scala F Ruocco M | 2006 | Phytopathology2006，96，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Longitudinal analysis of regional gray matter loss in Huntington disease:effects of the length of the CAG repeat显示文摘 | Ruocco HH Bonilha L Li LM | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Experimental and theoretical investigation of the pyrrole/Al (100) interface 显示文摘 | Ruocco A Chiodo L Sforzini M | 2009 | Journal of Physical Chemistry A2009，113，15： | 1 |
| 17 | The Trichoderma-plant interaction is mediated by avirulence proteins produced by this fungus显示文摘The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased development of root/aerial systems, in improved yields and in plant disease control. Other beneficial effects, such as the induction of plant systemic resistance, have also been described. To understand the mechanisms involved we are using different approaches, including the making of transformants expressing genes that encode for compounds able to affect plant response to pathogens. Trichoderma transformants carrying the avirulence gene Avr4 from Cladosporium fulvum under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters were obtained and tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene. Necrosis and suberification zones, similar to the symptoms appearing during Cladosporium-tomato interaction, were found when the roots of the Cf4 plants were treated with Avr4-Trichoderma. This demonstrates that selected Trichoderma strains are able to transfer to the plant molecules that may deeply affect metabolism, disease resistance etc. Therefore, these beneficial fungi can be regarded as biotechnological tools to provide a variety of crops with useful compounds. Moreover, in in vitro competition assays the transformants were found to be more effective as antagonists against Alternaria alternata than the wild type. Trichoderma sends a variety of biochemical signals to the plants including avirulence molecules; therefore the presence of avr-like proteins in the fungus proteome was investigated. Proteome analysis has permitted us to isolate and sequence many proteins potentially having this function. From the extracellular protein extracts, we have purified and sequenced a protein with structural characteristics similar to Avr4 of C. fulvum. The protein, Hytra1, was found to be a hydrophobin with chitin binding activity, the typical 8 cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridges. Infiltrations of the extracellular protein fractions containing Hytra1 resulted in a strong HR reaction on tobacco and tomato leaves, and induction of a novel phytoalexin. | Ruocco M Lanzuise S Woo S L Ambrosino P Marra R Turrà D Gigante S Formisano E Scala F Kip N P J G M de Wit Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Suppressing T cell motility induced by anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy improves antitumor effects显示文摘 | Ruocco Maria Grazia Pilones Karsten A Kawashima Noriko Cammer Michael Huang Julie Babb James S Liu Mengling Formenti Silvia C Dustin Michael L Demaria Sandra | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Optimum topological design of sim-ply supported composite stiffened panels via genetic algo-rithms 显示文摘 | IUSPA L RUOCCO E | 2008 | Computers & Structures2008，86，1718： | 1 |
| 20 | Study of the three-way interaction between Trichoderma atroviride,plant and fungal pathogens by using a proteomic approach显示文摘 | MARRA R AMBROSINA P CARBONE V VINALE F WOO S L RUOCCO M CILIENTO R LANZUISE S FERRAIOLI S SORIENTE I GIGANTE S TURRA D FOGLIANO V SCALA F LORITO M | 2006 | Current Genetics2006，50，： | 1 |
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