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| 1 | Distribution and effects of polymorphic RANTES gene alleles in HIV/HCV coinfection - A prospective cross-sectional study显示文摘AIM: Chemokines and their receptors are crucial for immune responses in HCV and HIV infection. RANTES gene polymorphisms lead to altered gene expression and influence the natural course of HIV infection. Therefore,these mutations may also affect the course of HIV/HCV coinfection.METHODS: We determined allele frequencies of RANTES-403 (G→A), RANTES-28 (C→G) and RANTESIN1.1 (T→C) polymorphisms using real-time PCR and hybridization probes in patients with HIV (n = 85), HCV (n= 112), HIV/HCV coinfection (n = 121), and 109 healthy controls. Furthermore, HIV and HCV loads as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts were compared between different RANTES genotypes.RESULTS: Frequencies of RANTES-403 A, RANTES-28 G and RANTES-IN1.1 C alleles were higher in HIV infected patients than in healthy controls (-403: 28.2% vs 15.1%,P = 0.002; -28: 5.4% vs 2.8%, not significant; IN1.1:19.0% vs 11.0%, P = 0.038). In HIV/HCV coinfected patients, these RANTES alleles were less frequent than in patients with HIV infection alone (15.4% P = 0.002;1.7%; P = 0.048; 12.0%; not significant). Frequencies of these alleles were not significantly different between HIV/HCV positive patients, HCV positive patients and healthy controls.CONCLUSION: All three RANTES polymorphisms showed increased frequencies of the variant allele exclusively in patients with HIV monoinfection. The finding that the frequencies of these alleles remained unaltered in HIV/HCV coinfected patients suggests that HCV coinfection interferes with selection processes associated with these alleles in HIV infection. | Golo Ahlenstiel Agathe Iwan Jacob Nattermann Karin Bueren Jürgen K Rockstroh Hans H Brackmann Bernd Kupfer Olfert Landt Amnon Peled Tilman Sauerbruch Ulrich Spengler Rainer P Woitas | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，48： | 3 |
| 2 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Lipid nanoparticles ( SLN, NLC) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products 显示文摘 | Jana P Aiman H Rainer HM | 2009 | Int J Pharm2009，366，： | 1 |
| 4 | Robust control by fuzzy sliding mode显示文摘 | Rainer P | 1994 | Automatica1994，30，9： | 1 |
| 5 | Cardiac fibrosis in human transplanted hearts is mainly driven by cells of intracardiac origin 显示文摘 | Piehler M Rainer P P Schauer S | 2012 | J Am Coil Cardiol2012，59，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Historical Perspective on Fifteen Years of Laser Damage Thresholds at LLNL显示文摘 | Rainer F Frank P Marco D | 1993 | SPIE Proceedings1993，2114，： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of soil compaction on root elongation and anatomy of different cereal plant species显示文摘 | Jerzy L Rainer H Jacek P | 2012 | Soil & Tillage Research2012，121，： | 1 |
| 8 | Cost effectiveness analysis of intravenous ketorolan and morphine for treating pain after limb injury:double blind randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | Rainer TH Jacobs P Ng YC | 2000 | BMJ2000，321，： | 1 |
| 9 | Polymeric surfactants from styrene - co - maleic - anhydride copolymers 显示文摘 | DIETRICH B RAINER S GOETZ P | 2001 | Macromolecular Symposia2001，163，： | 1 |
| 10 | bcl- 2 expression and progrosis in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus 显示文摘 | Mario S Fernando B Rainer P | 1996 | Int J Cancer1996，145，： | 1 |
| 11 | Lipid nanoparticles(SLN,NLC)in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products显示文摘 | Jana P Aiman H Rainer H M | 2008 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2008，366，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Optical properties of Ag and Au nanoparticles dispersed within the pores of monolithic mesoporous silica 显示文摘 | Hofmeister H Rainer T | 2001 | Journal of Nanoparticle Research2001，3，56： | 1 |
| 13 | Nanostructured lipid carriers(NLC)in cosmetic dermal products显示文摘 | Rainer H M Aiman H Jana P | 2007 | Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews2007，59，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Differential evolution-a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces显示文摘 | RAINER S KENNETH P | 1997 | Journal of global optimization1997，11，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Cost effectiveness analysis of intravenous ketorolac and morphine for treating pain after limb surgery:double bind randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Rainer T H Jacobs P Ng Y C | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 16 | Electrospun hydroxyapatite-functionalized PLLA scaffold: potential applications in sternal bone healing显示文摘 | Rainer A Spadaccio C Sedati P | 2011 | Ann Biomed Eng2011，39，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Polymeric surfactants from styrene -co-maleic-anhydride copolymers显示文摘 | DIETRICH B RAINER S GOEIZ P | 2001 | Macromoleeular Symposia2001，163，： | 1 |
| 18 | 3omorbidity and survival of patients selected for radica prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older显示文摘在老病人的激进的前列腺切除术是争论的。与长期的幸存的最高的概率为激进的前列腺切除术识别很旧的候选人,我们学习了在 75 岁以上的年龄经历了在 1992 和 2005 之间的激进的前列腺切除术的 47 个连续的人。一条启发式的途径被用来与特别地高的长期的幸存寻找亚群。这些措施的几项两方面的 comorbidity 措施和联合被调查发现分类最好为激进的前列腺切除术识别健康、 \/ 万岁的老候选人。25 个两方面的 comorbidity 分类或联合中的四个与在 4.00 和 4.80 之间的危险比率到达了意义水平。在 10 年以后,根据这些 comorbidity 大小作为健康病人识别的病人展出了在 129 % 之间的相对幸存率;并且 137 %并且全面幸存在 86 % 之间评价;并且 95 %,而那些与 comorbidities 展出了仅仅 66 % 的相对幸存率; -84%并且全面幸存 44 % 评价; -58% 。在结论,分类 comorbidity 可以识别在 75 岁以上的年龄为激进的前列腺切除术选择,优秀长期的幸存可能性代替的人的一个有意义的比例一般人口的。 | Michael Froehner Rainer Koch Manfred P Wirth | 2013 | Asian Journal of Andrology2013，15，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Cost effectiveness analysis of intravenous ketorolac and morphine for treating pain after limb injury:double blind randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Rainer T H Jacobs P Ng Y C | 2000 | BMJ2000，321，7271： | 1 |
| 20 | Measuring changes in internal meatcolour,colour lightness and colour opacity as predictors ofcooking time显示文摘 | Christiane P Rainer S | 2012 | Meat Science2012，90，3： | 1 |
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