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| 1 | Crohn's disease environmental factors in the developing world: A case-control study in a statewide catchment area in Brazil显示文摘AIM To identify environmental risk factors associated with the development of Crohn's disease(CD) in order to reassess the hygiene hypothesis.METHODS A hospital-based, case-control study was carried out with CD patients(n = 145) and controls(n = 163)representing a socioeconomically diverse statewide catchment area in Brazil. Controls were recruited from caregivers of patients seen in different outpatient clinics at the same hospital. A multi-item survey with 94 questions regarding family history of CD, perinatal and childhood circumstances, living conditions, tobacco use and familial socioeconomic status was carried out by interviewers. RESULTS On the univariate analysis, predictive variables for CD included being male, under age of 40, a high education level, urban dweller, smaller family size, exposure to enteric pathogens and user of treated water(P < 0.005). On the multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with CD were male gender(OR = 2.09), under age 40(OR = 3.10), white(OR = 2.32), from a small family in childhood(OR = 2.34) and adulthood(OR = 3.02), absence of viral infections in childhood(OR = 2.23), exposure to enteric pathogens(OR = 2.41), having had an appendectomy(OR = 2.47) and prior or current smoker(OR = 2.83/1.12). CONCLUSION Most variables supporting the 'hygiene hypothesis' are associated with the development of CD but are not independent predictors of the diagnosis. | Valéria Cristina Loureiro Salgado Ronir Raggio Luiz Neio Boechat Bianca C Schorr Isabella S Leao Tiago Nunes Cyrla Zaltman | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，30： | 2 |
| 2 | Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis:clinical and genetic aspects显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Blank RD Raggio CL | 2003 | Clin Med Res2003，1，： | 1 |
| 3 | Marfan syndrome: orthopedic and genetic review 显示文摘 | GIAMPIETRO PF RAGGIO C DAVIS JG | 2002 | Curr Opin Pediatr2002，14，1： | 1 |
| 4 | The theoretical separation of brand equity and brand value:managerial implications for strategic planning显示文摘 | RAGGIO R LEONE R | 2007 | Journal of Brand Management2007，14，5： | 1 |
| 5 | The impact of dental caries and trauma in children on family quality of life显示文摘 | Abanto J Paiva SM Raggio DP | 2012 | Community Dent Oral Epidemiol2012，40，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Milk as a drag analysis medium: HPLC determination of isoniazid显示文摘 | Sottofattori E Raggio R Bruno O | 2003 | Journal of Chemical Education2003，80，5： | 1 |
| 7 | The theoretical separation of brand equity and brand value: Managerial implications for strategic planning显示文摘 | Raggio R D and Leone R P | 2007 | Journal of Brand Management2007，14，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Burnout in intensive care unit显示文摘 | Raggio B Malacarne P | 2007 | Minerva Anestesiol2007，73，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis:clinical and genetic aspects显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Blank RD Raggio CL | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 10 | Bonding Performance of a Multimode Adhesive to Artificially-induced Caries-affected Primary Dentin显示文摘 | Lenzi TL Raggio DP Soares FZ | 2015 | J Adhes Dent2015，17，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Modeling the behavior of dispatc?hing rules in workflow systems: a statistical approach显示文摘 | RAGGIO G WAINER J | 2005 | Lec?ture Notes in Computer Science2005，3706，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of level of metabolizable protein on splanchnic flux of amino acids in lactating dairy cows显示文摘 | Raggio G Pacheco D Berthiaume R | 2004 | Journal of Dairy Science2004，87，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Whole-body glucose metabolism and mammary Ener- getic nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows re- ceiving digestive infusions of casein and propionic acid 显示文摘 | LEMOSQUET S RAGGIO G LOBLEY G E | 2009 | Journal of Dairy Science2009，92，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Upscaling conductivity and porosity in three-dimensional heterogeneous porous media显示文摘An empirical formula is presented to upscale the conductivity of 3-dimensional heterogeneous porous me- dia, in which the distribution of local-scale conductivity is non-Gaussian with a high variance. The upscaled conductiv- ity is determined as a function of the volumetric proportion, the spatial connectivity and the statistical geometric length of high-permeable inclusions, and the arithmetic mean of con- ductivities of all hydrofacies. A systematic comparison to other traditional upscaling methods indicates that this em- pirical formula provides a better estimation of the equivalent conductivity. In the second part of this study, numerical ex- periments of solute migration reveal that porosity also needs to be upscaled to capture the transport of contaminants in a heterogeneous medium using an effective or upscaled homo- geneous medium. This is due to the tendency of contaminants to be preferrentially transported by 3-dimensional pathways composed of high-permeable materials in heterogeneous aquifer systems. The apparent difference between the actual transport velocity of contaminants and the upscaled velocity, based on the equivalent conductivity, forces upscaling of po- rosity. Further systematic analyses demonstrate that the up- scaled porosity follows a non-linear trend as the content of high-permeable sediments decreases. Resultant upscaled porosity, with values varying between 0.004 and 1.5, is be- yond the definition of the traditional porosity on the representative elementary volume (REV) scale. When the content of high-permeable materials is less than 30%, the upscaling of porosity is critical in the simulation of the contaminant transport in a heterogeneous medium using an upscaled, homogeneous counterpart. | ZHANG Yong Hydrologic Science,University of California,Davis,CA 95616,USA Desert Research Institute,2215 Raggio Parkway,Reno,NV 89512,USA | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，22： | 1 |
| 15 | Marfan syndrome:orthopedic and genetic review 显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Raggio C Davis JG | 2002 | Curt Opin Pediatr2002，14，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Congenital and idiopathic seoliosis : clinical and genetic aspects显示文摘 | Giampietm PF Blank RD Raggio CL | 2003 | Clin Med Res2003，1，： | 1 |
| 17 | Marfan syndrome:orthopedic and genetic review显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Raggio C Davis JG | 2002 | Curr Opin Pediatr2002，14，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical,genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital vertebral malformations显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Raggio CL Blank RD | 2013 | Mol Syndromol2013，4，12： | 1 |
| 19 | GAP- REACH: a checklist to assess comprehensive reporting of race, ethnicity, and culture in psychiatric publications显示文摘 | Lewis-Fern6ndez R Raggio G A Gorritz M | 2013 | J Nerv Ment Dis2013，201，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis:clinical and genetic aspects 显示文摘 | Giampietro PF Blank RD Raggio CL | 2003 | Clin Med Res2003，1，2： | 1 |
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