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| 1 | 2012至2016年中国放宽独生子女政策与剖宫产率及出生结局的趋势分析:基于近700万医院出生个案的观察性研究显示文摘目的研究放宽独生子女政策和降低剖宫产率政策会如何影响中国剖宫产率和围产儿及孕产妇死亡率。研究设计观察性研究。研究地点全国危重孕产妇医院监测系统。研究对象2012--2016年,全国危重孕产妇医院监测系统的438家医院中,妊娠28周及以上或出生体重≥1000g的6838582例围产儿。主要结局指标使用修改的Robson分类定义产科风险。主要结局指标包括:产次、产妇年龄和Robson分类的分布变化;每个风险类别中,剖宫产率随时间变化的原始和调整趋势(使用稳健方差估计的泊松回归);同期围产儿及孕产妇死亡率随时间变化的趋势。结果剖宫产率在20122016年稳步下降(原始相对风险0.91,95%可信区间为0.89~0.93),在2016年总的剖宫产率达到41.1%。放宽独生子女政策伴随着经产妇生育比例的上升(从2012年的34.1%到2016年的46.7%),有既往剖宫产史的妇女的分娩量几乎翻了一番(从9.8%到17.7%)。在控制了这些影响因素后,剖宫产率随时间下降的趋势更大(调整后的相对风险0.82,95%可信区间为0.81~0.84)。初产妇的剖宫产率明显下降(0.75,95%可信区间为0.73~0.77),但无既往剖宫产史的经产妇的剖宫产率也有所下降(0.65,95%可信区间为0.62~0.77)。下降幅度最明显的是2012年剖宫产率最高的医院,这与政府针对剖宫产率最高的医院实行的政策是一致的。同期围产儿死亡率从每千出生10.1降至7.2(0.87,95%可信区间为0.83~0.91),而孕产妇死亡率没有变化。结论中国是唯一一个成功扭转剖宫产率上升趋势的国家。放宽独生子女政策相关的产科风险变化将增加剖宫产需求,考虑这一因素,中国的成功显得尤为显著。中国的经验表明,当政策能全面、系统地控制导致剖宫产过度使用的因素,再结合临床实践中各种激励措施,就能够改变剖宫产持续上升的趋势。 | 梁娟 牟祎 李小洪 唐雯 王艳萍 刘铮 黄小娜 Robert W Scherpbier 郭素芳 李明蓉 代礼 邓奎 邓长飞 李琪 康乐妮 朱军 Carine Ronsmans | 2018 | 英国医学杂志中文版2018，21，7： | 47 |
| 2 | Update in management of mesenteric ischemia显示文摘肠系膜局部缺血混乱被剥夺一或几个腹的机关遇见新陈代谢的要求足够的呼吸的一个发行量不足事件猛抛。尽管 mes 伤寒局部缺血不经常发生,死亡率从 60% ~ 100% ,依靠阻塞的消息提供者。成功的结果依赖于怀疑和迅速的管理的一个高索引。我们简短考察病理生理学和演讲各种各样是化学家实体并且在诊断和治疗考察当前的现状。尽管有在诊断和治疗的进展,迅速的诊断和支持的照顾为成功的结果仍然保持批评。新成像技术,血管内治疗和新兴的研究可以改进我们的途径到这个致命的条件。 | Robert W Chang John B Chang Walter E Longo | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，20： | 38 |
| 3 | Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface显示文摘Light beams with a helical phase-front possess orbital angular momentum along their direction of propagation in addition to the spin angular momentum that describes their polarisation.Until recently,it was thought that these two‘rotational’motions of light were largely independent and could not be coupled during light–matter interactions.However,it is now known that interactions with carefully designed complex media can result in spin-to-orbit coupling,where a change of the spin angular momentum will modify the orbital angular momentum and vice versa.In this work,we propose and demonstrate that the birefringence of plasmonic nanostructures can be wielded to transform circularly polarised light into light carrying orbital angular momentum.A device operating at visible wavelengths is designed from a space-variant array of subwavelength plasmonic nano-antennas.Experiment confirms that circularly polarised light transmitted through the device is imbued with orbital angular momentum of 62'(with conversion efficiency of at least 1%).This technology paves the way towards ultrathin orbital angular momentum generators that could be integrated into applications for spectroscopy,nanoscale sensing and classical or quantum communications using integrated photonic devices. | Ebrahim Karimi Sebastian A Schulz Israel De Leon Hammam Qassim Jeremy Upham Robert W Boyd | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 39 |
| 4 | 2018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。 | Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) | 2019 | 中华精神科杂志2019，52，1： | 25 |
| 5 | Coordinated peak expression of MMP-26 and TIMP-4 in preinvasive human prostate tumor显示文摘因为早察觉和治疗为病人的医药管理是批评的,为早前列腺癌症诊断的新奇简历标记的鉴定是高度重要的。在基础房间层和地下室膜的连续性的混乱为高级职业人员静电干扰 intraepithelial 瘤形成(HGPIN ) 的前进是必要的到在人的前列腺的侵略腺癌。涉及变换到侵略显型的分子是强烈审查的题目。我们以前报导了矩阵 metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26 ) 经由地下室膜蛋白质并且由激活 MMP-9 的酶原形式的劈开支持人的前列腺癌症房间的侵略。而且,我们发现了 metalloproteinases-4 (TIMP-4 ) 的那个织物禁止者是大多数有势力 MMP-26 的内长的禁止者。这里,我们更高示威(p<0.0001 ) 在 HGPIN 和癌症的 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 表示,与非肿瘤的 acini 相比。他们的表示层次在 HGPIN 是最高的,但是在一样的纸巾在侵略癌症(为各个的 p<0.001 ) 衰退。连续前列腺癌症织物节染色的 Immunohistochemical 建议 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 的 colocalization。现在的学习显示 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 可以在 HGPIN 的变换期间起一个不可分的作用到侵略癌症并且可以也为早前列腺癌症诊断用作标记。房间研究(2006 ) 16:750-758。做 i:10.1038/sj .cr.7310089;出版联机 2006 年 8 月 29 日。 | Seakwoo Lee Kevin K Desai Kenneth A Iczkowski Robert G Newcomer Kevin J WU Yun-Ge Zhao Winston W Tan Mark D Roycik Qing-Xiang Amy Sang | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，9： | 18 |
| 6 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 7 | 标准·方案·指南——2014年美国癌症学会最新宫颈癌筛查指南及筛查中存在的问题显示文摘美国癌症学会(ACS)每年都会发布有关癌症早期检测、癌症筛查率数据与趋势报告及相关问题的指南,并会持续关注可能需要在癌症筛查指南中做出相应改变与更新的医学科学文献中出现的新证据以及需要传达给临床工作者与公众的筛查相关信息。在制定新指南的过程中,ACS至少每5年对指南更新1次,如有重要新证据出现,则更新间隔时间会更短。本期就2014年ACS关于宫颈癌筛查的最新指南报道如下。 | Robert A Smith Deana Manassaram-Baptiste Durado Brooks Vilma Cokkinides Mary Doroshenk Debbie Saslow Richard C Wender Otis W Brawley 王静 | 2014 | 中国全科医学2014，17，27： | 16 |
| 8 | Red River barrier and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations shaped the genetic structure of Microhyla fissipes complex (Anura: Microhylidae) in southern China and Indochina显示文摘 | Zhi-Yong YUAN Chatmongkon SUWANNAPOOM Fang YAN Nikolay A. POYARKOV JR Sang Ngoc NGUYEN Hong-man CHEN Siriwadee CHOMDEJ Robert W, MURPHY Jing CHE | 2016 | Current Zoology2016，62，6： | 11 |
| 9 | 1999年海城-岫岩地震序列的精准定位显示文摘1999年11月29日,北京时间12点10分39秒(04:10:39UTC)在我国辽宁海城—岫岩地区发生了一次MS5.4地震.这次地震是继1975年2月4日海城MS7.3地震之后该地区发生的震级最大的一次地震.区域性的辽宁数字地震台网记录了这一序列的前震、主震与余震.本文运用该台网的记录资料,用双差法对海城—岫岩地震序列重新定位,得到了该序列事件之间精确的相对位置;然后以中国地震局地球物理研究所(IGCEA)与美国南卫理大学(SMU)合作的辽宁海城—岫岩地区地震试验场宽频带地震台网(BSN)记录的、经过精准定位的地震作为近震源观测的'地面实况'(groundtruth,GT)事件进行校正,得到了这一地震序列的既精确又准确的震源参数.由此得出1999年海城—岫岩地震的发震构造是与1975年海城地震的发震构造海城河—大洋河断裂邻近的康家岭断裂.康家岭断裂的走向与海城河—大洋河断裂走向一致,均为WNW--ESE方向.它们都是在中国东北—华北地区近ENE--WSW向、几乎水平的压应力场作用下产生的断裂.1999年海城—岫岩地震是在海城河—大洋河断裂的影响带动下,邻近的、与其走向一致的康家岭断裂活动的结果. | 杨智娴 Brian W Stump 陈运泰 Robert B Herrmann Rongmao Zhou Chris T Hayward | 2011 | 地震学报2011，33，3： | 9 |
| 10 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: An association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC. | James D Falvey Robert W Bentley Tony R Merriman Mark B Hampton Murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry Rebecca L Roberts | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 9 |
| 11 | Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association显示文摘 | Karen L. Furie Scott E. Kasner Robert J. Adams Gregory W. Albers Ruth L. Bush Susan C. Fagan Jonathan L. Halperin S. Claiborne Johnston Irene Katzan Walter N. Kernan Pamela H. Mitchell Bruce Ovbiagele Yuko Y. Palesch Ralph L. Sacco Lee H. Schwamm Sylvia W | 2011 | Stroke2011，，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas显示文摘During the last 100 years in medical literature,there are only 54 reports,including the report of Pasaoglu et al(World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:2915-2916),with clinical descriptions of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas in humans.Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas,a rare congenital pancreatic malformation,is associated with some other medical conditions such as hyperglycemia,abdominal pain,pancreatitis and a few other diseases.In approximately 50% of reported patients with this congenital malformation,hyperglycemia was demonstrated.Evaluation of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in all patients with agenesis of the dorsal pancreas including description of fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance test,glycated hemoglobin and medical treatment would be a future goal.Since autosomal dominant transmission has been suggested in single families,more family studies including imaging technologies with demonstration of the pancreatic duct system are needed for evaluation of this disease.With this letter to the editor,we aim to increase available information for the better understanding of this rare disease. | Wolfgang J Schnedl Claudia Piswanger-Soelkner Sandra J Wallner Robert Krause Rainer W Lipp | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，3： | 7 |
| 14 | 商时期青铜铸造业的起源和发展显示文摘青铜器的起源与发展,是中国早期文明探索中至关重要的热点问题,贝格立教授撰写的《商时期青铜铸造业的起源和发展》一文,对中国青铜器的起源和商时期青铜铸造业的发展诸问题,全面而又概要性地阐述了自己的观点。译文节译了前三部分,第一部分,中国金属制品的起源。其论证方法,采用非一般的从早说到晚,而是从晚说起然后逐步推溯到早期,即从安阳殷墟,上推到郑州二里冈,再前推至偃师二里头。二里头三期中的青铜爵及成熟的范铸技术,'暗示此前还存在一个我们至今还知之甚少的、更早的工艺与技术发展阶段。'这个阶段就是公元前2000年初期的齐家文化时期。齐家文化中出土一些铜质工具(有锻制而成的,也有铸造成器的),还有不少仿金属器的陶器,它们都渗透了金属锻制器具对其的深刻影响。齐家文化的金属加工业与同时期或稍晚一些时候的中国北方地区的文化发展有着密切联系,在河南淅川下王冈遗址二里头类型遗存之下就发现有与齐家盉的同类器物,在二里头较晚三个文化层中常出土有一些器形面貌兼具齐家和下王冈盉特征的陶盉,这些盉有扁平带状鋬,鋬上有仿制的铆钉,似乎是置于小圆孔中以铆接把手。但到二里头文化第三期时,金属锻制技术已被遗弃了,取而代之的是铸造工艺。到二里头文化末期,商时期金属铸造业的两大主要特征已经形成,即容器系铸造而成;作坊技术手段是合范铸造。第二部分,美索不达米亚的金属制造加工业。用石范或陶范即合范的早期铸造技术,在近东地区早在公元前4000年就已开始运用。早期美索不达米亚王朝的合范铸造方法,不仅用于青铜器,还应用于仿生动物的金银雕塑器。为了铸成更复杂的器形,近东地区在公元前4000年末之前就发明了失蜡法制模技术。但是,在早期乌尔王朝时期,他们更多的不是采用合范铸造,而是采用金属板片的锻制制器,采用铆接、焊接或其它拼接方法来制造任何大小尺寸或复杂雕塑的器物,并用各种特有的手工敲锤技术加以装饰。采用这种方法的决定因素主要是出于经济而并非是技术的考虑,也就是说,古代近东地区,金属材质的匮乏和昂贵是成为铸器造价考虑的主要因素,一个器形较为简单的铸件,其锻制造价要比铸造便宜许多。所以,中国商代金属加工与古代世界其它地区的主要差异并非是合范法与失蜡法两种工艺间的差异,而只是因为中国工匠无因资源匮乏而受约之虑,故更多的是采用合范铸造法;相反,近东地区的手工艺人则总是采用锻制技术制器,以解决资源短缺的因难。第三部分,组合范型与铸造装饰。这一部分较详细论证了中国古代二里头时期分模铸造技术的流程及其如何体现了青铜装饰工艺的艺术创意与精雕细琢的严谨性。同时,进一步阐明古代中国与近东地区在金属制作上存在的差异,首当其冲的重要因素就是金属资源问题,正是这一因素,使得中国采用了铸造工艺来制造器皿。其次,在中国的商代,手工艺人是不可能独立完成金属铸件制作的;而在西方世界,则只需要一至两名技工就能独立完成。现存最大最重的'鼎'级青铜重器司母戊方鼎,其铸造技术上的成就让世人刮目相看。同时也表明,中国商代的铸造作坊,其组织之周密,规模之庞大,为古代世界的其它地区所不及。贝格立教授是我们大家所熟悉的著名的中国青铜器研究专家,他的足迹遍及世界各地,也包括我国大江南北的诸多重要考古遗址,他从全球的角度,并以全新的视野,在分别介绍和阐述了中国和近东地区金属制造业产生的年代及特点后,对中国冶金术的起源这样一个敏感问题提出了自己初步看法,即认为中国最早的金属器出现于齐家文化中,而齐家文化遗存主要分布于后来形成横贯中亚大陆的商贸通道的起始点甘肃南部地区,'这就有可能因为对外的贸易往来造就了齐家文化的金属制造工业和当地的一些手工作坊。'然而,紧接着他又说:'或许,中国大西北地区存有的这些手工金属制品仅仅是一个偶尔的伴随情况,况且陶仿制品的分布还十分广泛。''目前,缺乏充足理由的考古资料难以确认甘肃到底是金属加工业传入中国的重要通道还是产生中国的一些较大金属制业的边陲基地。'这就清楚说明,在目前考古资料尚不是很充足情况下,对中国冶金术的起源问题,贝格立教授采取的是一种谨慎而科学的态度。当前,我国冶金史学界正在围绕青铜铸造中失蜡法的相关问题开展讨论,笔者认为,此篇贝格立教授译作的发表,让我们了解古代中国与远古近东地区金属制造业的差异以及近东地区失蜡铸造法的历史及其工艺流程,这对于我们深入讨论中国失蜡法的起始等问题无疑是大有补益的。特别是随着全球化时代的到来,学术的全球化趋势日趋明显,进一步扩大我们的域外视野,尤为显得重要。 | 贝格立(ROBERT W·BAGLEY) 奚国胜(译) 彭劲松(校) | 2009 | 南方文物2009，，1： | 7 |
| 15 | Effect of pegylated interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin treatment on plasma transforming growth factor-β1,metalloproteinase-1,and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 in patients with chronic hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of antiviral treatment on plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS: TGF-β1, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations were measured by an enzyme immunoassay in 28 patients, during 48 wk of treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha 2b (PEG-IFN-α2b) plus ribavirin (RBV)and after 24 wk of follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups: responders (R) and non-responders (NR)related to achieved sustained virologic response. Normal values were evaluated in plasma samples of 13 healthy volunteers.RESULTS: Baseline plasma concentrations of TGF-β1and TIMP-1 (30.9±3.7 and 1506±61 ng/mL respectively)measured in all subjects significantly exceeded the normal values (TGF-β1:18.3±1.6 ng/mL and TIMP-1:1102±67 ng/mL). In contrast, pretreatment MMP-1mean level (6.5±0.9 ng/mL) was significantly lower than normal values (11.9±0.9 ng/mL). Response to the treatment was observed in 12 patients (43%). TGF-β1mean concentration measured during the treatment phase decreased to the control level in both groups.However at wk 72, values of NR patients increased and became significantly higher than in R group.TIMP-1 concentrations in R group decreased during the treatment to the level similar to normal. In NR group,TIMP-1 remained significantly elevated during treatment and follow-up phase and significant difference between both groups was demonstrated at wk 48 and 72. MMP-1levels were significantly decreased in both groups at baseline. Treatment caused rise of its concentration only in the R group, whereas values in NR group remained on the level similar to baseline. Statistically significant difference between groups was noted at wk 48 and 72.CONCLUSION: These findings support the usefulness of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, and MMP-1 in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Elevated TIMP-1 and low MMP-1plasma concentrations during antiviral therapy may indicate medication failure. | Robert Flisiak Jerzy Jaroszewicz Tadeusz W Lapiski Iwona Flisiak Danuta Prokopowiczi | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，43： | 7 |
| 16 | 子痫前期:病理生理学和临床意义显示文摘子痫前期是一种常见疾病,尤其影响首次妊娠。其临床表现多样,但通常表现为高血压和蛋白尿。这些全身症状是由于在合体滋养细胞的压力作用下,胎盘释放了可溶性因子。子痫前期主要有早发型和迟发型2种亚型,其他几种亚型目前尚未确定。早发型子痫前期是由于胎盘缺陷而出现,而迟发型子痫前期可能是由于胎盘的正常衰老,以及母体对心血管和代谢疾病的遗传易感性交互产生。子痫前期因胎盘和母体因素产生的原因因人而异。最近的研究主要集中在早孕期的胎盘-子宫相互作用。本文旨在对关于子痫前期的预测、预防和治疗方法的最新文献进行归纳综述。 | Graham J Burton Christopher W Redman James M Roberts Ashley Moffett 秦萌(译) 金滢 潘凌亚(校 | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，11： | 6 |
| 17 | Multidisciplinary management of nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas显示文摘Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors; nonfunctional(NF) PNETs account for the majority of cases. Most patients with NF-PNETs have metastatic disease at the time of presentation. A variety of treatment modalities exist, including medical, liver directed, and surgical treatments. Aggressive surgical management is associated with prolonged survival, however available data are limited by selection bias and the frequent combination of PNETs with carcinoid tumors. Although few patients with metastatic disease will be cured, application of currently available therapies in a multidisciplinary setting can lead to excellent outcomes with prolonged patient survival. | Ian W Folkert Paul Hernandez Robert E Roses | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 6 |
| 18 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 19 | MicroRNAs and liver cancer associated with iron overload:Therapeutic targets unravelled显示文摘Primary liver cancer is a global disease that is on the increase.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for most primary liver cancers and has a notably low survival rate,largely attributable to late diagnosis,resistance to treatment,tumour recurrence and metastasis.MicroRNAs(miRNAs/miRs)are regulatory RNAs that modulate protein synthesis.miRNAs are involved in several biological and pathological processes including the development and progression of HCC.Given the poor outcomes with current HCC treatments,miRNAs represent an important new target for therapeutic intervention.Several studies have demonstrated their role in HCC development and progression.While many risk factors underlie the development of HCC,one process commonly altered is iron homeostasis.Iron overload occurs in several liver diseases associated with the development of HCC including Hepatitis C infection and the importance of miRNAs in iron homeostasis and hepatic iron overload is well characterised.Aberrant miRNA expression in hepatic fibrosis and injury response have been reported,as have dysregulated miRNA expression patterns affecting cell cycle progression,evasion of apoptosis,invasion and metastasis.In2009,miR-26a delivery was shown to prevent HCC progression,highlighting its therapeutic potential.Several studies have since investigated the clinical potential of other miRNAs with one drug,Miravirsen,currently in phaseⅡclinical trials.miRNAs also have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and to evaluate treatment efficacy.Ongoing studies and clinical trials suggest miRNA-based treatments and diagnostic methods will have novel clinical applications for HCC in the coming years,yielding improved HCC survival rates and patient outcomes. | Catherine M Greene Robert B Varley Matthew W Lawless | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，32： | 5 |
| 20 | Magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector computed tomography assessment of extracellular compartment in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies显示文摘Myocardial pathologies are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of loss of cellular integrity and expansion in extracellular volume(ECV) in myocardium is critical to initiate effective treatment. The three compartments in healthy myocardium are: intravascular(approximately 10% of tissue volume), interstitium(approximately 15%) and intracellular(approximately 75%). Myocardial cells, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial/smooth muscle cells represent intracellular compartment and the main proteins in the interstitium are types Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagens. Microscopic studies have shown that expansion of ECV is an important feature of diffuse physiologic fibrosis(e.g., aging and obesity) and pathologic fibrosis [heart failure, aortic valve disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, congenital heart disease, aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy(hypereosinophilic and idiopathic types), arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and hypertension]. This review addresses recent advances in measuring of ECV in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has the ability to characterize tissue proton relaxation times(T1, T2, and T2*). Proton relaxation times reflect the physical and chemical environments of water protons in myocardium. Delayed contrast enhanced-MRI(DE-MRI) and multi-detector computed tomography(DE-MDCT) demonstrated hyper-enhanced infarct, hypo-enhanced microvascular obstruction zone and moderately enhanced peri-infarct zone, but are limited for visualizing diffuse fibrosis and patchy microinfarct despite the increase in ECV. ECV can be measured on equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI longitudinal relaxation time mapping. Equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI T1 mapping is currently used, but at a lower scale, as an alternative to invasive sub-endomyocardial biopsies to eliminate the need for anesthesia, coronary catheterization and possibility of tissue sampling error. Similar to delayed contrast enhancement, equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and T1 mapping is completely noninvasive and may play a specialized role in diagnosis of subclinical and other myocardial pathologies. DE-MRI and when T1-mapping demonstrated sub-epicardium, sub-endocardial and patchy mid-myocardial enhancement in myocarditis, Behcet's disease and sarcoidosis, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the combined technique of cine, T2-weighted and DE-MRI technique has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocarditis. When the tomographic techniques are coupled with myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function they can provide valuable information on the progression of myocardial pathologies and effectiveness of new therapies. | Maythem Saeed Steven W Hetts Robert Jablonowski Mark W Wilson | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，11： | 4 |
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