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| 1 | Suppression of tumorigenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells in a hepatoma model显示文摘人的间充质的干细胞(hMSCs ) 装家到肿瘤地点并且禁止肿瘤细胞的生长。很少对内在的分子的机制被知道连接 hMSCs 到肿瘤房间的指向的抑制。在这研究,我们从 hMSCs 用一个动物移植模型,一个合作文化系统和调节媒介在二根人的 hepatoma 房间线(H7402 和 HepG2 ) 上调查了 hMSCs 的效果。当 SCID 老鼠与 H7402 细胞和 Z3 hMSCs 的一个相等的数字被注射时,动物移植研究证明肿瘤形成的潜伏的时间被延长并且肿瘤尺寸更小。当 co 有教养时与 Z3 房间, H7402 细胞增殖减少了,增加的 apoptosis,和 Bcl-2 的表示, c-Myc,原子抗原(PCNA ) 和 survivin 低是的增殖的房间调整了。在有调节媒介的处理源于 Z3 hMSC 文化以后, H4702 房间出现了减少的形成殖民地的能力和减少的增长。Immunoblot 分析证明 beta-catenin, Bcl-2, c-Myc, PCNA 和 survivin 表示是在 H7402 和 HepG2 房间调整的 down。总起来说,我们的调查结果证明 hMSCs 禁止 H7402 和 HepG2 人的肝癌症房间线的恶意的显型,它包括增长,形成殖民地的能力和 oncogene 表示试管内和体内。而且,我们的研究提供表明小径的 Wnt 可以在调停 hMSC 的指向和肿瘤房间抑制有一个角色的证据。 | Ling Qiao Zhili Xu Tiejun Zhao Zhigang Zhao Mingxia Shi Robert C Zhao Lihong Ye Xiaodong Zhang | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，4： | 68 |
| 2 | Immunosuppressive properties of cloned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘间充质的干细胞(MSC ) ,源于成年纸巾,是 multipotentprogenitor 房间,它为再生药保持大诺言。最近的研究证明了 thatMSCs 在动物和人是抑制免疫力的体内和试管内。然而,管理 MSC 的这些有免疫力的调节功能的机制留下大部分逃犯。有 MSC 的体积人口的一些研究显示象 PGE2 和 TGFbeta 那样的可溶的因素是重要的,当其它为房间房间接触支持一个角色时。在这研究,我们打算由检验克隆的 MSC 的抑制免疫力的效果澄清这些问题。我们从老鼠骨髓导出 MSC 克隆并且证明这些克隆的多数能区分进 adipocytes 象 andosteoblast 一样房间。重要地,从这些克隆的房间展出了强壮的禁止的效果 onTCR 这些房间的一个小数字的导致激活的 T 细胞增殖试管内,和注射在老鼠支持了 allogeneic 皮肤接枝的幸存。从 MSC 文化的调节媒介证明 anti-CD3 上的某禁止的效果导致了独立于 PGE2 andTGFbeta 的淋巴细胞增长。在比较,有刺激淋巴细胞的 MSC 的直接合作文化导致了许多更强壮的抑制免疫力的效果。有趣地,抑制是双向的,当 MSCproliferation 也面对淋巴细胞被减少。一起拿,我们有克隆的 MSC 的调查结果证明这些房间通过可溶的因素和房间房间施加他们的抑制免疫力的效果接触,和那淋巴细胞和 MSC 在他们的各自的增长上是互相禁止的。 | Robert C Zhao | 2007 | Cell Research2007，17，3： | 32 |
| 3 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 4 | Surgical management of polycystic liver disease显示文摘Adult polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is an autosomal dominant condition commonly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However in the last decade, it has been recognized that there is a distinct form of autosomal dominant PCLD that arises without concomitant ADPKD. Early knowledge of the pathogenesis was gained from the study of hepatic cysts in patients with ADPKD. Bile duct overgrowth after embryogenesis results in cystic hepatic dilatations that are known as biliary microhamartomas or von Meyenburg complexes. Further dilatation arises from cellular proliferation and fluid secretion into these cysts. There is a variable, broad spectrum of manifestations of PCLD. Although PCLD is most often asymptomatic, massive hepatomegaly can lead to disabling symptoms of abdominal pain, early satiety, persistent nausea, dyspnea, ascites, biliary obstruction, and lower body edema. Complications of PCLD include cyst rupture and cyst infection. Also, there are associated medical problems, especially intracranial aneurysms and valvular heart disease, which clinicians need to be aware of and evaluate in patients with PCLD. In asymptomatic patients, no treatment is indicated for PCLD. In the symptomatic patient, surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment tailored to the extent of disease for each patient. Management options include cyst aspiration and sclerosis, open or laparoscopic fenestration, liver resection with fenestration, and liver transplantation. The surgical literature discussing treatment of PCLD, including techniques, outcomes, and complication rates, are summarized in this review. | Robert T Russell C Wright Pinson | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，38： | 20 |
| 5 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 6 | 标准·方案·指南——2014年美国癌症学会最新宫颈癌筛查指南及筛查中存在的问题显示文摘美国癌症学会(ACS)每年都会发布有关癌症早期检测、癌症筛查率数据与趋势报告及相关问题的指南,并会持续关注可能需要在癌症筛查指南中做出相应改变与更新的医学科学文献中出现的新证据以及需要传达给临床工作者与公众的筛查相关信息。在制定新指南的过程中,ACS至少每5年对指南更新1次,如有重要新证据出现,则更新间隔时间会更短。本期就2014年ACS关于宫颈癌筛查的最新指南报道如下。 | Robert A Smith Deana Manassaram-Baptiste Durado Brooks Vilma Cokkinides Mary Doroshenk Debbie Saslow Richard C Wender Otis W Brawley 王静 | 2014 | 中国全科医学2014，17，27： | 16 |
| 7 | Validation of the Rockall scoring system for outcomes from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a Canadian setting显示文摘AIM: To validate the Rockall scoring system for predicting outcomes of rebleeding, and the need for a surgical procedure and death. METHODS: We used data extracted from the Registry of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy including information of 1869 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated in Canadian hospitals. Risk scores were calculated and used to classify patients based on outcomes. For each outcome, we used χ2 goodness-of-fit tests to assess the degree of calibration, and built receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the discriminative ability of the scoring system. RESULTS: For rebleeding, the χ2 goodness-of-fit test indicated an acceptable fit for the model [χ2 (8) = 12.83, P = 0.12]. For surgical procedures [χ2 (8) = 5.3, P = 0.73] and death [χ2 (8) = 3.78, P = 0.88], the tests showed solid correspondence between observed proportions and predicted probabilities. The AUC was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.55-0.62) for the outcome of rebleeding and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.54-0.67) for surgical procedures, representing apoor discriminative ability of the scoring system. For the outcome of death, the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.78), indicating an acceptable discriminative ability. CONCLUSION: The Rockall scoring system provides an acceptable tool to predict death, but performs poorly for endpoints of rebleeding and surgical procedures. | Robert A Enns Yves M Gagnon Alan N Barkun David Armstrong Jamie C Gregor Richard N Fedorak RUGBE Investigators Group | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，48： | 14 |
| 8 | Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma显示文摘瞄准:在整个 Barretts 食管的前进调查 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 ) 和上皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的表示() 。方法:COX-2 和 EGFR 蛋白质表情被使用免疫检测组织化学的方法。详细 cytomorphological 改变的 A 是坚定的。COX-2 和 EGFR 表示的区域被使用计算机成像系统确定。结果:COX-2 和 EGFR 的表情与前进一起增加了从到食管腺癌(EAC ) 。积极关联在 COX-2 表示和 EGFR 表示之间被发现。结论:COX-2 和 EGFR 可能在逐步的前进从是合作的到 EAC,从而导致致癌作用。 | Yan Li John M Wo Mukunda B Ray Whitney Jones Ruifeng R Su Susan Ellis Robert C G Martin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，6： | 14 |
| 9 | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemoembolization显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether intra-procedural diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging can predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during trans- catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Sixteen patients (15 male), aged 59 ±11 years (range: 42-81 years) underwent a total of 21 separate treatments for unresectable HCC in a hybrid magnetic resonance/interventional radiology suite. Ana- tomical imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 500 s/mm2) were performed on a 1.5-T unit. Tumor enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, mm2/s) values were assessed immediately before and at 1 and 3 mo after TACE. We calculated the percent change (PC) in ADC values at all time points. We compared follow-up ADC values to baseline values using a paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The intra-procedural sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (%) for detecting a complete or partial 1-mo tumor response using ADC PC thresholds of ±5%, ±10%, and ±15% were 77, 67, 91, and 40; 54, 67, 88, and 25; and 46, 100, 100, and 30, respectively. There was no clear predictive value for the 3-mo follow-up. Compared to baseline, the immediate post-procedure and 1-mo mean ADC values both increased; the latter obtaining statistical significance (1.48 ± 0.29 mm2/s vs 1.65 ± 0.35 × 10-3 mm2/s, P < 0.014). CONCLUSION: Intra-procedural ADC changes of > 15% predicted 1-mo anatomical HCC response with the greatest accuracy, and can provide valuable feedback at the time of TACE. | Johnathan C Chung Neel K Naik Robert J Lewandowski Mary F Mulcahy Laura M Kulik Kent T Sato Robert K Ryu Riad Salem Andrew C Larson Reed A Omary | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，25： | 13 |
| 10 | Modern imaging techniques for preoperative detection of distant metastases in gastric cancer显示文摘A substantial portion of patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer has distant metastases(M1 disease).These patients have a very poor prognosis and it is generally accepted that they should be treated with noncurative intent. Because it dramatically changes prognosis and treatment plans, it is very important to diagnose distant metastases. In this article, the definition, pathways, incidence and sites of distant metastases in gastric cancer are described.Subsequently, the current performance of imaging in detecting distant metastases in newly diagnosed gastric cancer is outlined and future prospects are discussed. | Robert M Kwee Thomas C Kwee | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，37： | 12 |
| 11 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 8 |
| 12 | 两组空压工个体噪声暴露的测量及评价显示文摘目的 测量和评价空压工的噪声暴露。方法 采用SH 12 6记录式声级计测量两组空压工在不同工作日内的噪声暴露 ,同时用声级计按经典方法在典型工作位多点测量噪声水平。结果 在 4小时工作期间 ,空压工的个体噪声暴露水平呈波动状 ,波动范围可达 10dB (A) ,主要由空压机间歇工作和工人工作位移动所致。低压空压机操作工平均个体噪声暴露为 (85 8± 2 9)dB (A) ,高压空压机操作工平均个体噪声暴露为 (85 7± 2 2 )dB (A) ,每组内工人间和工作日间的噪声暴露差异均无显著意义。声级计测量低压空压机生产环境噪声 (86 1± 2 7)dB (A) ,高压空压机 (83 8± 2 7)dB (A)。结论 个体噪声暴露测量可以较好地解决现场复杂情况下的噪声暴露评价问题。个体间和工作日间噪声暴露的变异不容忽视 ,应有相应的设计和评价方法。本文使用的方法有待改进和简化。 | 周盛林 成小如 张超彦 Robert C Spear 赵一鸣 | 2000 | 中国工业医学杂志2000，13，4： | 8 |
| 13 | Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: Australian real world experience显示文摘AIM To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of tenofovir therapy in patients in a real world Australian tertiary care setting.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes among treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients receiving a minimum 3 mo tenofovir therapy through St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. We included patients receiving tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)] monotherapy, as well as patients treated with TDF in combination with a second antiviral agent. Patients were excluded if they demonstrated human immune-deficiency virus/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis delta virus coinfection or were less than 18 years of age. We considered virological and biochemicalresponse, as well as safety outcomes. Virological response was determined by measurement of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA using sensitive assays; biochemical response was determined via serum liver function tests; histological response was determined from liver biopsy and fibroscan; safety analysis focused on glomerular renal function and bone mineral density. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete virological suppression over time, defined by HBV DNA < 20 IU/m L. Secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of biochemical response, and HB e antigen(HBe Ag)/HB surface antigen loss and seroconversion over time.RESULTS Ninety-two patients were identified who fulfilled the enrolment criteria. Median follow-up was 26 mo(range 3-114). Mean age was 46(24-78) years, 64(70%) were male and 77(84%) were of Asian origin. 55(60%) patients were treatment-na?ve and 62 patients(67%) were HBe Ag-negative. Complete virological suppression was achieved by 45/65(71%) patients at 12 mo, 37/46(80%) at 24 mo and 25/28(89%) at 36 mo. Partial virological response(HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/m L) was achieved by 89/92(96.7%) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between virological suppression at end of follow-up and baseline HBV DNA level(OR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.833-0.967, P = 0.0046) and HBe Ag positive status(OR = 0.373, 95%CI: 0.183-0.762, P = 0.0069). There was no difference in response comparing treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients. Three episodes of virological breakthrough occurred in the setting of noncompliance. Tenofovir therapy was well tolerated.CONCLUSION Tenofovir is an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated treatment in an Australian real-world tertiary care setting. Our data are similar to the reported experience from registration trials. | Grace C Lovett Tin Nguyen David M Iser Jacinta A Holmes Robert Chen Barbara Demediuk Gideon Shaw Sally J Bell Paul V Desmond Alexander J Thompson | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，1： | 7 |
| 14 | Highly efficient derivation of ventricular cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells with a distinct epigenetic signature显示文摘从 pluripotent 干细胞导出的 Cardiomyocytes 能在药测试,疾病建模和基于房间的治疗被使用。没有 procardiogenic 生长因素,然而,从 pluripotent 干细胞的 cardiomyogenesis 的效率通常是低的,产生 cardiomyocyte 人口是异构的。这里,我们证明导致的 pluripotent 干细胞( iPSCs )能从鼠科的室的 myocytes ( VM )被导出,并且与从各种各样的体的房间类型导出的 iPSCs 的另外的报告一致,自发地作为与遗传上匹配的胚胎的干细胞(转换字符)或 iPSCs 相比区分 cardiomyocytes 进跳动的显著地更高的倾向从尾巴尖端成纤维细胞导出的 导出VM 的 iPSCs ( ViPSCs )展览。惊人地,导出 ViPSC 的 cardiomyocytes 显示的多数室的显型。在 ViPSCs 的提高的室的 myogenesis 在区别的早阶段经由心血管的祖先的增加的数字被调停。以便从 ViPSCs 调查提高的室的 myogenesis 的机制,我们执行了全球基因表示和 DNA methylation 分析,它揭示了可以涉及在 pluripotent 干细胞指定 VM 命运的不同 epigenetic 签名。 | Huansheng Xu B Alexander Yi Hao Wu Christoph Bock Hongcang Gu Kathy O Lui Joo-Hye C Park Ying Shao Alyssa K Riley Ibrahim J Domian Erding Hu Robert Willette John Lepore Alexander Meissner Zhong Wang Kenneth R Chien | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，1： | 7 |
| 15 | Subclinical atherosclerosis in northern and southern China: the Chinese paradox显示文摘背景冠的心疾病(CHD ) 的发生是更高的在北比在南部的中国,然而,在传统的 CHD 的差别冒险的,解释这。没有学习在可以帮助在发生解释差别的无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了差别。这研究为在北、南部的中国之间的石灰化用冠的计算断层摄影术(CT ) 在无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了这些差别。我们在一个大多中心选择了参加者的一件随机的样品的方法为冠的钙在一个北城市(诺思) 里扫描的进行中的流行病的学习(北京, n = 49 ) 并且在二个南部的城市(南方) 里(上海, n = 50,并且广州, n = 50 ) 。从三个领域中心的参加者(意味着年龄 67 年) 经历了用动脉粥样硬化扫描的多种族的学习为冠的钙测量扫描的冠的风险因素评估和心脏的 CT 协议。结果调整了在诺思中国(北京) 的转变木头的冠的动脉钙 20 是 3.1 +/-0.4 并且在华南(上海和广州) 是 2.2 +/- 0.3 (P = 0.04 ) 。为北京的北城市的吝啬的钙分数比广州的南部的城市的高三倍(P = 0.01 ) 并且比为上海的南部的城市高 2.5 倍(P = 0.03 ) 。结论无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化的程度在广州和上海的二个南部的城市里比那在北京的北城市里是显著地更高的,甚至在为标准心脏的风险因素调整以后。这发现建议标准风险因素充分不在临床的 CHD 发生解释北方南方差别。 | Jie Huang Yang-Feng Wu Xiao-Qing Liu Ding Ding Lian-Cheng Zhao Bin Lu Xian Li Nathan D Wong Laurie D Dustin Stanley P Azen Robert C Detrano | 2011 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2011，8，2： | 7 |
| 16 | Association between calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic pancreatitis in a US population:Role of serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type and alcohol显示文摘AIM: To test the hypothesis that calcium sensing receptor (CASR) polymorphisms are associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and to determine whether serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type (SPINK1) N34S oralcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology. METHODS: Initially, 115 subjects with pancreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 patients and 21 controls were predetermined to carry the high-risk SPINK1 N34S polymorphism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of reported polymorphisms and novel mutations. Based on the initial results, we added 223 patients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 7 (A986S, R990G, and Q1011E). RESULTS: The CASR exon 7 R990G polymorphism was signifi cantly associated with CP (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; P = 0.015). The association between CASR R990G and CP was stronger in subjects who reported moderate or heavy alcohol consumption (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; P = 0.018). There was no association between the various CASR genotypes and SPINK1 N34S in pancreatitis. None of the novel CASR polymorphisms reported from Germany and India was detected. CONCLUSION: Our United States-based study confirmed an association of CASR and CP and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a signifi cant risk factor for CP. We also conclude that the risk of CP with CASR R990G is increased in subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption. | Venkata Muddana Janette Lamb Julia B Greer Beth Elinoff Robert H Hawes Peter B Cotton Michelle A Anderson Randall E Brand Adam Slivka David C Whitcomb | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，28： | 7 |
| 17 | Incidence of brain metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteristics,and subsequent diagnosis of brain metastasis.The association between the histological type of esophageal cancer and the incidence of brain metastasis was assessed using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:Forty-four of the fifty-three patients in this study had adenocarcinoma and nine had squamous cell carcinoma,ranging from stage ⅡA-ⅣB.Primary treatment was surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality therapy) in 19% of patients;chemoradiotherapy in 42%;and surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 7%.Twenty-five percent of patients inthis study received palliative radiotherapy.The overall incidence of brain metastasis in this cohort was 13%.Adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor histology in all of the patients who developed brain metastasis,representing an incidence of 16% in this subgroup.No patients with squamous cell carcinoma received trimodality therapy.The association between histology and brain metastasis was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:The incidence of brain metastasis in this contemporary cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma is higher than previously reported and was confined to those with adenocarcinoma. | Ron S Smith Robert C Miller | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，19： | 6 |
| 18 | Microscopic colitis:A large retrospective analysis from a health maintenance organization experience显示文摘AIM:To examine the demographic data on a large multi-ethnic population of patients with microscopic colitis (MC) in Southern California and to determine the association of MC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer.METHODS: All patients diagnosed with MC by colonic biopsy from 1996-2005 were identified utilizing a pathology database. All biopsies were reviewed by experienced pathologists utilizing standard histologic criteria. Patients' medical records were reviewed and data regarding patient age, co-morbidities, sex, ethnicity, and medications were analyzed. An age-and sexmatched standard control group was also generated. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of co-morbidities between lymphocytic colitis (LC), collagenous colitis (CC) and the control group.RESULTS: A total of 547 cases of MC were identif ied,376 patients with LC and 171 patients with CC. The female/male ratio was 3:1 in CC and 2.7:1 in LC patients. Celiac disease (P<0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (P<0.001), and thyroid diseases (P<0.001) were found to have a higher occurrence in MC compared to the control group. No statistical differences in the occurrence of colorectal cancer, diabetes and IBD were found between the MC group and the control group.CONCLUSION: This is the largest group of patients with MC known to the authors that has been studied to date. Conditions such as celiac disease, IBS, and thyroid diseases were found to be related to MC. Furthermore, neither an increased risk of colorectal cancer nor IBD was associated with MC in this study. | Kevin T Kao Benito A Pedraza Amy C McClune David A Rios Yi-Qiong Mao Robert H Zuch Michael H Kanter Sony Wirio Chris N Conteas | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，25： | 5 |
| 19 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
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