|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 卫星观测到的青藏高原雷电活动特征显示文摘利用TRMM卫星上携带的闪电探测系统获取的闪电定位资料首次对青藏高原上的闪电活动进行了研究。研究发现,青藏高原上的闪电活动呈现出大陆性气候特征,但是受其特殊地形的热力和动力特征所调制,高于93%的闪电活动发生于5~9月之间,并在夏季出现单一闪电活动峰值。随着地表加热和湿度的增加,闪电活动在5月份开始明显增加。较高的闪电密度发生在高原的中部,揭示了闪电活动与地形特征的相关性。63%的闪电活动发生于14:00~18:00(地方时,下同)之间,而只有<3%的闪电发生于00:00~10:00之间。闪电光辐射能的时平均值也呈现出明显的日变化,随着太阳的升起,闪电光辐射能在08:00开始增加,并在10:00达到稳定的极大值,直到02:00开始明显减小。闪电的光辐射能在高原北部呈现最大值,高原西部呈现最小值。青藏高原上的闪电放电强度比其它地区弱得多,其差别归因于高原上较低的对流不稳定能量。 | 郄秀书 Ralf Toumi | 2003 | 高原气象2003，22，3： | 61 |
| 2 | 裁判理论的普遍谬误:为法教义学辩护显示文摘当前的裁判理论都依赖一个形式主义的普遍预设,认为在法律不确定的条件下,疑难案件的裁判不再是法律裁决,而是非法律的自由裁量。不同的裁判理论是对这一普遍预设的不同回应。教义学理论拒绝接受这一普遍预设,坚持疑难案件裁判的法律属性,进而捍卫法律的自治性。教义学理论能为疑难案件的裁决提供理论上可行、规范上可欲、实证上充分的说明。教义学理论以法律论证场域为基础,而法律论证场域又有其特殊的教义学结构,这一结构能够确保疑难案件裁判的法律属性。法律论证场域创造了裁决人与具体当事人的经济、政治或道德利益的距离,而这一距离又保障了公平裁判。法律论证场域是社会分化的结果,是社会时代变迁而孕育的文化成就。 | Ralf Poscher 隋愿 | 2012 | 清华法学2012，6，4： | 45 |
| 3 | 氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展显示文摘上百年来细菌一直被认为是地球氨氧化过程的主要驱动者,2005年海洋中分离到迄今唯一的非极端环境泉古菌,发现其氧化氨态氮获得能源生长,是氨氧化古菌。氨氧化古菌和细菌对地球氨氧化过程的相对贡献率,是目前全球氮循环研究最重要的微生物生态学问题之一。已有的证据表明古菌在海洋氨氧化过程中发挥了重要作用,细菌则是土壤氨氧化过程的主要驱动者。本文重点探讨了原位自然环境下氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展。 | 贾仲君 翁佳华 林先贵 Ralf Conrad | 2010 | 微生物学报2010，50，4： | 40 |
| 4 | Endoscopic resection techniques for colorectal neoplasia:Current developments显示文摘Endoscopic polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) are the established treatment standards for colorectal polyps. Current research aims at the reduction of both complication and recurrence rates as well as on shortening procedure times. Cold snare resection is the emerging standard for the treatment of smaller(< 5 mm) polyps and is possibly also suitable for the removal of noncancerous polyps up to 9 mm. The method avoids thermal damage, has reduced procedure times and probably also a lower risk for delayed bleeding. On the other end of the treatment spectrum, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)offers en bloc resection of larger flat or sessile lesions. The technique has obvious advantages in the treatment of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer. Due to its minimal recurrence rate, it may also be an alternative to fractionated EMR of larger flat or sessile lesions. However, ESD is technically demanding and burdened by longer procedure times and higher costs. It should therefore be restricted to lesions suspicious for high-grade dysplasia or early invasive cancer.The latest addition to endoscopic resection techniques is endoscopic fullthickness resection with specifically developed devices for flexible endoscopy.This method is very useful for the treatment of smaller difficult-to-resect lesions,e.g., recurrence with scar formation after previous endoscopic resections. | Franz Ludwig Dumoulin Ralf Hildenbrand | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，3： | 35 |
| 5 | LncRNA Dum interacts with Dnmts to regulate Dppa2 expression during myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration显示文摘新兴的研究在少些在染色质水平,但是相对调整基因表示记录长非编码的 RNA (LncRNAs ) 的角色被知道他们怎么调整 DNA methylation。这里,我们识别 lncRNA, Dum (发展联系 pluripotency 2 (Dppa2 ) 在上游的有约束力的肌肉 lncRNA ) 在骨胳的 myoblast 房间。Dum 的表示动态地在 vitro 并且在 vivo 在 myogenesis 期间被调整。它被在 myoblast 区别之上有约束力的 MyoD transcriptionally 也导致。功能的分析证明它支持 myoblast 区别和导致损坏的肌肉新生。机械学地, Dum 被发现它的附近的基因到沉默, Dppa2,在通过招募的 cis Dnmt1, Dnmt3a 和 Dnmt3b。而且, intrachromosomal 在 Dum 地点和 Dppa2 倡导者之间循环为 Dum/Dppa2 相互作用是必要的。一起,我们识别了与 Dnmts 交往调整 myogenesis 的新奇 lncRNA。 | Lijun Wang Yu Zhao Xichen Bao Xihua Zhu Yvonne Ka-yin Kwok Kun Sun Xiaona Chen Yongheng Huang Ralf Jauch Miguel A Esteban Hao Sun Huating Wang | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，3： | 34 |
| 6 | Evaluation of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for determination of liver stiffness using transient elastography as a reference显示文摘AIM: To evaluate cut-off values and performance of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) using transient elastography [FibroScan■ (FS)] as a reference. METHODS: Six hundred and six patients were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement with FS (FS-LS) and ARFI (with shear wave velocity quantification; ARFI-SWV) and the performance of ARFI in comparison to FS was determined. Sixtyeight patients underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS: Significantly higher success rates for the determination of liver stiffness were found using ARFI as compared to FS [604/606 (99.7%) vs 482/606 (79.5%); P < 0.001]. ARFI-SWV correlated significantly with FS-LS (r = 0.920, P < 0.001). ARFI-SWV increased significantly with the stage of fibrosis (1.09 ± 0.13 m/s for patients with no significant fibrosis (FS-LS < 7.6 kPa); 1.46 ± 0.27 m/s for patients with significant liver fibrosis (7.6 < FS-LS ≤ 13.0 kPa); and 2.55 ± 0.77 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis (FS-LS > 13.0 kPa)). ARFI-SWV cut-off values were identified for no significant fibrosis (1.29 m/s; sensitivity 91.4% and specificity 92.6%) and for liver cirrhosis (1.60 m/s; sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 96.5%). The optimal cut-off value for predicting liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 1.32 m/s (sensitivity 87.0% and specificity 80.0%) and for liver cirrhosis (F4) 1.62 m/s (sensitivity 100% and specificity 85.7%), for patients who underwent liver biopsy. An excellent inter-and intraobserver reproducibility was observed for ARFI-SWV determinations. CONCLUSION: An ARFI-SWV cut-off value of 1.29 m/s seems to be optimal for patients with no significant liver fibrosis and 1.60 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis. | Gerald Kircheis Abdurrahman Sagir Christoph Vogt Stephan vom Dahl Ralf Kubitz Dieter Hussinger | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，10： | 30 |
| 7 | Importance of performance status for treatment outcome in advanced pancreatic cancer显示文摘Despite progress in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC), the outcome of this disease remains dismal for the majority of patients. Given the moderate efficacy of treatment, prognostic factors may help to guide treatment decisions. Several trials identified baseline performance status as an important prognostic factor for survival. Unfit patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) below 70% only have a marginal benefit from chemotherapy with gemcitabine (Gem) and may often benefit more from optimal supportive care. Once, however, the decision is taken to apply chemotherapy, KPS may be used to select either mono- or combination chemotherapy. Patients with a good performance status (KPS = 90%-100%) may have a significant and clinically relevant survival benefit from combination chemotherapy. By contrast, patients with a poor performance status (KPS ≤ 80%) have no advantage from intensified therapy and should rather receive single-agent treatment. | Stefan Boeck Axel Hinke Ralf Wilkowski Volker Heinemann | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 14 |
| 8 | 关于沉降物中汞来源的进展和不确定性的综合分析显示文摘作为第八届全球污染物汞问题国际会议的一部分,一组国际汞问题专家于2005年在威斯康星的麦迪逊召开会议。会议的任务是讨论汞来源的科学依据研究现状。具体讲我们的关键问题是:对某一个指定地点,我们是否有把握确定局地、区域和全球的汞来源的相对份额,自然的相对于人为因素的汞排放和沉降。专家组综合分析了在过去10年来所发表的关于这个问题的最新研究情况,重点在以下4个主要研究课题:长期的人类活动影响的变化,当前的排放和沉降趋势,化学转换与循环,模拟与不确定性。在每一个课题中,专家组都得出一系列的结论,本文对此进行了描述。这些结论同时使得我们对问题的回答是'性质上是',而这种资格取决于所愿意接受的不确定性水平。我们同意这种不确定性主要取决于尺度,以及我们所提出的问题在位于主要点源很近和很远的地方均可得到比较有信心的回答,假设'全球汞库'是被承认的'来源'。从生态系统暴露这个角度来看,很多感兴趣的区域则处于中间地带,带有最大程度的不确定性。 | Steve Lindberg Russell Bullock Ralf Ebinghaus Daniel Engstrom 冯新斌 William Fitzgerald Nicola Pirrone Eric Prestbo Christian Seigneur 赵绪才(译) | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，1： | 13 |
| 9 | 传统DNA疫苗载体与Semliki森林病毒复制子对HIV-1 Pr55^(gag)表达与体液免疫原性的比较性研究显示文摘为探索Semliki森林病毒 (SFV)衍生的复制型DNA载体可否用于HIV疫苗的候选载体 ,对该载体与传统DNA疫苗载体对HIV - 1Pr5 5 gag的表达与体液免疫原性进行了系统比较研究。将野生型 (wtgag)及密码子改造(syngag)的HIV - 1ⅢBgag 基因分别克隆于SFVDNA载体及传统DNA疫苗载体 [pCDNA3 1(+) ],对其Pr5 5 gag细胞内表达水平、Pr5 5 gag病毒样颗粒释放、以及在BALB/c鼠的体液免疫原性进行了比较。在 2 93T、H12 99、C2C12和BHK细胞系中 ,SFV -wtgag可以Rev非依赖方式有效表达Pr5 5 gag ,而 pC -wtgag转染的细胞不能有效表达Pr5 5 gag,从而不能诱导小鼠产生免疫反应。虽然SFV质粒的细胞转化效率明显低于pCDNA载体 ,SFV -wtgag和SFV -syngag在细胞内Pr5 5 gag的表达量与 pC -syngag相似 ,而Pr5 5 gag病毒样颗粒的释放明显低于 pC -syngag。在肌内注射免疫的小鼠中 ,低剂量 (0 1和 1 0 μg)的SFV及 pCDNAgag表达质粒均未诱导出GAG特异性免疫反应。在高剂量 (10 ,30 ,10 0 μg)免疫组中 ,与SFVgag表达质粒相比 ,pC -syngag可诱导出较高水平的TH1型GAG特异性抗体。SFV -syngag较SFV -wtgag可诱导出高水平的体液免疫反应。结果提示 ,SFV衍生的复制子单独使用不能在小鼠诱导出优于传统DNA疫苗载体的HIV - 1GAG特异性? | 张健慧 Jens Wild Kurt Bieler Marcus Graf Ludwig Deml Hans Wolf PeterLiljestrm Ralf Wagner 邵一鸣 | 2002 | 病毒学报2002，18，1： | 13 |
| 10 | The metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells reveals metabolic changes occurring in somatic cell reprogramming显示文摘新陈代谢对房间功能的每个方面重要,然而,导致的 pluripotent 干细胞(iPSCs ) 的 metabolome 仍然保持大部分未经勘探。这里,我们报导,用一条 untargeted metabolomics 途径,那人的 iPSCs 份额有从他们的父母房间是不同的胚胎的干细胞(转换字符) 的 pluripotent metabolomic 签名,并且那被变化在涉及细胞的呼吸的代谢物描绘。细胞的 bioenergetics 的检查与我们的 metabolomic 分析支持了,并且证明体的房间在 pluripotency 从一个氧化状态变换成一个 glycolytic 状态。有趣地,各种各样的体的房间的 bioenergetics 与他们的 reprogramming 效率相关。我们进一步识别了在 iPSCs 和转换字符之间不同的代谢物,它揭示了在调整体的房间 reprogramming 起一个关键作用的新奇新陈代谢的小径。我们的调查结果是第一全球性分析 iPSCs 的 metabolome,并且提供机械学的卓见进涉及导致 pluripotency,并且在评估 iPSC 和转换字符等价的规定的新层。 | Athanasia D Panopoulos Oscar Yanes Sergio Ruiz Yasuyuki S Kida Dinh Diep Ralf Tautenhahn Aida Herrerias Erika M Batchelder Nongluk Plongthongkum Margaret Lutz W Travis Berggren Kun Zhang Ronald M Evans Gary Siuzdak Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte] | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，1： | 12 |
| 11 | Leukocytes and oxidative stress: dilemma for sperm Function and male fertility显示文摘精子常常通过反应的氧的高数量暴露于在氧化之间的分裂期间种类(ROS ) 和白血球,和借助于 scavengers 和抗氧化剂的减小。认为是有如此的高度的唯一的房间的特殊功能是极化并且在身体外面施加他们的功能,甚至在一个不同个人,女生殖道,这些房间的膜化学上由多元不堡和的非凡的高数量组成丰满的酸。这接着,使他们变为很易受影响到氧化应力,它向氧化地位被定义为在氧化和减小之间的不平衡。作为结果,源于白血球和房间自己引起一个过程的男细菌的 ROS 把鈥榣i pid peroxidation 称为到精子房间的鈥 ? 和另外的损坏。在另一方面, ROS 的某个有限数量是必要的以便在房间触发重要生理的反应,包括在精子的 capacitation 或 acrosome 反应。当不受管束的抗氧化的治疗可能出轨,有氧化地位由氧化应力引起了补偿的抗氧化剂的病人的治疗高度被辩论向减少的地位的系统,它也是 unphysiological 并且能甚至导致癌症。这悖论被称为鈥榓n tioxidant 悖论鈥吗?因此,合适的 andrological 包括 ROS 层次的评估和精液的抗氧化剂能力,诊断病情的检查不得不预先被执行,瞄准了维持在氧化之间的好平衡并且 ROS 的重要数量清除。 | Ralf R Henkel | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，1： | 12 |
| 12 | Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity显示文摘Recent studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs),which are located both dorsally and basally beneath the skull,provide a route for draining macromolecules and trafficking immune cells from the central nervous system(CNS)into cervical lymph nodes(CLNs),and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.However,the roles of MLVs in brain tumor drainage and immunity remain unexplored.Here we show that dorsal MLVs undergo extensive remodeling in mice with intracranial gliomas or metastatic melanomas.RNA-seq analysis of MLV endothelial cells revealed changes in the gene sets involved in lymphatic remodeling,fluid drainage,as well as inflammatory and immunological responses.Disruption of dorsal MLVs alone impaired intratumor fluid drainage and the dissemination of brain tumor cells to deep CLNs(dCLNs).Notably,the dendritic cell(DC)trafficking from intracranial tumor tissues to dCLNs decreased in mice with defective dorsal MLVs,and increased in mice with enhanced dorsal meningeal lymphangiogenesis.Strikingly,disruption of dorsal MLVs alone,without affecting basal MLVs or nasal LVs,significantly reduced the efficacy of combined anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy in striatal tumor models.Furthermore,mice bearing tumors overexpressing VEGF-C displayed a better response to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 combination therapy,and this was abolished by CCL21/CCR7 blockade,suggesting that VEGF-C potentiates checkpoint therapy via the CCL21/CCR7 pathway.Together,the results of our study not only demonstrate the functional aspects of MLVs as classic lymphatic vasculature,but also highlight that they are essential in generating an efficient immune response against brain tumors. | Xueting Hu Qiuping Deng Lu Ma Qingqing Li Yidong Chen Yuhan Liao Fan Zhou Chen Zhang Linlin Shao Jun Feng Tubao He Weihai Ning Yan Kong Yingqing Huo Aibin He Bing Liu Jingjing Zhang Ralf Adams Yulong He Fuchou Tang Xiuwu Bian Jincai Luo | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，3： | 11 |
| 13 | Early detection and prevention of pancreatic cancer:Is it really possible today?显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancerrelated death in Western countries.Considering the low incidence of pancreatic cancer,population-based screening is not feasible.However,the existence of a group of individuals with an increased risk to develop pancreatic cancer has been well established.In particular,individuals suffering from a somatic or genetic condition associated with an increased relative risk of more than 5-to 10-fold seem to be suitable for enrollment in a surveillance program for prevention or early detection of pancreatic cancer.The aim of such a program is to reduce pancreatic cancer mortality through early or preemptive surgery.Considering the risk associated with pancreatic surgery,the concept of preemptive surgery cannot consist of a prophylactic removal of the pancreas in high-risk healthy individuals,but must instead aim at treating precancerous lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms,or early cancer.Currently,results from clinical trials do not convincingly demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in terms of identification of precancerous lesions,nor do they define the outcome of the surgical treatment of these lesions.For this reason,surveillance programs for individuals at risk of pancreatic cancer are thus far generally limited to the setting of a clinical trial.However,the acquisition of a deeper understanding of this complex area,together with the increasing request for screening and treatment by individuals at risk,will usher pancreatologists into a new era of preemptive pancreatic surgery.Along with the growing demand to treat individuals with precancerous lesions,the need for low-risk investigation,lowmorbidity operation and a minimally invasive approach becomes increasingly pressing.All of these considerations are reasons for preemptive pancreatic surgery programs to be undertaken in specialized centers only. | Marco Del Chiaro Ralf Segersvrd Matthias Lohr Caroline Verbeke | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 11 |
| 14 | 内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米苗期抗旱性研究初探显示文摘采用盆栽试验,初步研究内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米抗旱性的效应。结果显示,在自然干旱胁迫下,根长、根鲜重、根干重、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素含量等指标接种印度梨形孢的玉米幼苗比未接种的明显增加,差异达到显著、极显著水平;根干重、叶绿素含量等性状,接种印度梨形孢干旱胁迫处理的幼苗显著地高于未接种干旱处理,表明印度梨形孢真菌具有促进玉米幼苗生长的作用,能有效增强玉米幼苗的抗旱性。 | 张文英 蒿若超 汪嫒嫒 杨婷 Ralf Oelmüller | 2013 | 玉米科学2013，21，5： | 10 |
| 15 | Clp Protease and OR Directly Control the Proteostasis of Phytoene Synthase, the Crucial Enzyme for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis显示文摘Phytoene synthase (PSY ) 是在类胡萝卜素 biosynthetic 小径的关键 plastidial 酶。然而,它的 translational 以后规定留下逃犯。同样, Clp 朊酶组成质体朊酶网络的中央部分,但是它为降级的底层不是众所周知的。在这研究,我们报导 PSY 是 Clp 朊酶的底层。PSY 被揭开身体上与各种各样的 Clp 朊酶子单元交往(即, ClpS1, ClpC1,和 ClpD ) 。在 clpc1, clpp4,和 clpr1-2 异种的 PSY 和几另外的 carotenogenic 酶蛋白质 overaccumulate 高级。overaccumulated PSY 被发现部分酶地活跃。在 clpc1 的 Clp 活动的缺陷导致 PSY 蛋白质周转的减少的率,进一步在降级的 PSY 支持 Clp 朊酶的角色蛋白质。在另一方面, ORANGE (或) 蛋白质,有 holdase 女伴活动的 PSY 的一个主要 translational 以后管理者,提高 PSY 蛋白质稳定性并且在 clpc1 增加 PSY 的酶地活跃的比例, counterbalancing 在维持 PSY 蛋白质动态平衡的调停 Clp 的解朊作用。一起,这些调查结果提供新奇卓见进质体局部性的蛋白质的质量控制并且建立迄今未辩别出的 translational 以后在在植物的 modulating 类胡萝卜素生合成的 carotenogenic 酶的规章的机制。 | Ralf Welsch Xiangjun Zhou Hui Yuan Daniel Alvarez Tianhu Sun Dennis Schlossarek Yong Yang Guoxin Shen Hong Zhang Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion Theodore W. Thannhauser Li Li | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，1： | 10 |
| 16 | 德国某居住区生态卫生系统污水分流处理示范工程显示文摘以冲水厕所为代表的污水排水系统在防止疾病传播和污染方面起到了巨大的作用。但这种排水系统需要用大量自来水进行冲洗后与其他生活污水混合排放,使得粪便中所含有的有用物质如氮、磷、钾等无法回收利用。介绍了德国吕贝克市采用的新型污水分流处理系统的示范工程,该系统特别适合于城市居住区的污水处理,使得水的使用、污水的排放和处理适合可持续发展的要求。 | 李子富 Ralf Otterpoh | 2007 | 给水排水2007，33，4： | 10 |
| 17 | Bibliometrics: tracking research impact by selecting Lhe appropriate metrics显示文摘 | Ashok Agarwal Damayanthi Durairajanayagam Sindhuja Tatagari Sandro C Esteves Avi Harlev Ralf Henkel Shubhadeep Roychoudhury Sheryl Homa Nicolas Garrido Puchalt Ranjith Ramasamy Ahmad Majzoub Kim Dao Ly Eva Tvrda Mourad Assidi Kavindra Kesai Reecha Sharma Saleem Banihani Edmund Ko Muhammad Abu-Elmagd Jaime Gosalvez Asher Bashiri | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，2： | 10 |
| 18 | 毛发研究的新模型——猪毛囊体外培养的研究显示文摘对猪毛囊体外无血清培养的条件和方法进行了研究,并就其在体外培养中对环孢素A(CsA)、胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)和转化生长因子β-1(TGF-β1)的反应性进行观察。结果发现(1)猪毛囊在WilliamsE加L-谷酰氨等成分的培养基上生长良好,从而建立了猪毛囊体外无血清培养模型,并使毛囊分离和培养的方法标准化。建立的猪毛囊体外培养模型毛囊生长曲线与人毛囊非常相似。(2)体外培养的猪毛囊对CsA、IGF-I和TGF-β1均有敏感的反应性,反应浓度与人毛囊体外培养的浓度相似。(3)猪毛囊体外培养中CsA明显促进毛囊细胞分裂增殖和抑制毛囊细胞凋亡。所以猪毛囊体外培养模型是研究毛囊生理较好的方法。 | 范卫新 Lars Mecklenburg Ralf Paus | 2002 | 临床皮肤科杂志2002，31，11： | 9 |
| 19 | High-throughput RNA interference screens integrative analysis: Towards a comprehensive understanding of the virus-host interplay显示文摘Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies. | Sandeep Amberkar Narsis A Kiani Ralf Bartenschlager Gualtiero Alvisi Lars Kaderali | 2013 | World Journal of Virology2013，2，2： | 9 |
| 20 | Expression of tissue factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is associated with activation of coagulation显示文摘瞄准:在 thromboembolism 的开发在胰腺的癌症和它的角色学习织物因素(TF ) 的表示。方法:TF 表示被北污点和间接免疫荧光在八根人的胰腺的癌房间线学习。或者拼接的 TF (asTF ) 的表示被 RT-PCR 估计。另外, TF 表示被免疫荧光与胰腺的腺癌(PCa ) 在 19 个病人的胰腺的纸巾决定,有慢性胰炎(CP ) 的 9 个病人和 20 正常控制。血浆样品(30 PCa 病人, 13 CP 病人和 20 控制) 为可溶的 TF 层次和凝结激活标记被调查[thrombin-antithrombin III 建筑群(梭织) ,凝血素碎片 1 + 2 (F1 + 2 )] 。结果:所有胰腺的癌房间线表示了 TF (8/8 ) ,他们中的大多数表示了 asTF (6/8 ) 。在蛋白质水平的 TF 表示没与癌房间线的区别相关。几乎,二件胰腺的癌症组织样品染色了为 TF (17/19 ) 积极。在 CP 的所有样品,弱染色被限制为胰腺的管房间,而一些仅仅内皮下房间在正常控制的 9/20 是积极的。TF 并且在 PCa 病人梭织层次而 2 铺平的提高的 F1 + 没与控制相比到达统计意义,显著地与控制相比被提高。在病人们梭织的 CP 和 F1 + , 2 个层次证明了显著地与控制相比被提高,尽管梭织举起少些比在 PCa 病人被读。结论:我们结束那除了起来房间膜上的 TF 的调整表示,可溶的 TF 可能在胰腺的癌症贡献凝结系统的激活。 | Stephan L Haas Ralf Jesnowski Michael Steiner Frank Hummel Jrg Ringel Christine Burstein Horst Nizze Stefan Liebe J Matthias Lhr | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，30： | 9 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员