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| 1 | The characteristics of CO_2 assimilation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in transgenic PEPC rice显示文摘With PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME and PEPC+ PPDK transgenic and untransformed rice (Orysa sativa L.), the activities of related C4 photosynthesis enzymes, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO2 exchange and other physiological indexes were compared, in which the physiological characteristics of PEPC transgenic rice were mainly studied. The results were as follows: (i) The activities of PEPC in PEPC transgenic rice were 20-fold higher than those in untransformed rice; the light-saturation photosynthetic rates and the carboxylation efficiency of PEPC transgenic rice were increased by 55% and 50% more than those of untransformed rice, respectively, while the CO2 compensation point decreased by 27%. (ii) The PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching (qp) of transgenic PEPC rice decreased less in comparison with those of untransformed rice after the treatment with high light intensity (3 h) or methyl viologen (MV), a photooxidative reagent, which demonstrated that the tolerance of PEPC | JIAO Demao, LI Xia, HUANG Xueqing, CHI Wei, KUANG Tingyun & Ku SB Maurice1. Institute of Agrobiological Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nangjing 210014, China 2. Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，13： | 29 |
| 2 | Damage and progressive failure of concrete structures using non-local peridynamic modeling显示文摘Peridynamics (PD), a recently developed theory of solid mechanics, which employs a non-local model of force interaction and makes use of integral formulation rather than the spatial partial differential equations used in the classical continuum mechanics theory, has shown effectiveness and promise in solving discontinuous problems at both macro and micro scales. In this paper, the peridynamics theory is used to analyze damage and progressive failure of concrete structures. A non-local peridynamic model for a rectangular concrete plate is developed, and a central pairwise force function is introduced to describe the interior interactions between particles within some definite distance. Damage initiation, evolution and crack propagation in the concrete model subject to in-plane uni-axial tension, in-plane uni-axial compression and out-of-plane impact load are investigated respectively. The numerical results show that discontinuities appear and grow spontaneously as part of the solution to the peridynamic equations of motion, and no special failure criteria or re-meshing techniques are required, which proves the potential of peridynamic modeling as a promising technique for analyzing the progressive failure of concrete materials and structures. | HUANG Dan1,2, ZHANG Qing1,2 & QIAO PiZhong1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，3： | 24 |
| 3 | STEP-POOL MORPHOLOGY IN HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS显示文摘The focus of this study is to examine bed stability and morphology in high-gradient gravel-bed streams, and thus to improve understanding of the various parameters governing the sediment flow characteristics in mountain streams. Ultimately, this knowledge can be used to design pseudo-natural channels, as in the stream simulation method of culvert design; with this in mind, prototype conditions are evaluated in a flume with slopes ranging from 3% to 7%, and particle relative submergence varying from 0.5 to 2.5 for three bed size distributions. These experiments are designed to satisfy the conditions of dynamic similarity for flow and sediment, and they are preferred over field measurements since they allow a high degree of control over testing conditions. It is found that step-pool bedforms are the most ubiquitous features along the gravel bed. A new formula is developed that correlates step height with the gravel-bed size distribution, relative submergence of the particles, and the Froude number. The step spacing is found to be related to step height and streambed longitudinal slope. Flow resistance is also examined, and a formula is developed which accounts for the resistance due to the bedforms (form resistance), as well as the individual sediment particles (grain resistance). | A.R. MAXWELL and A.N. PAPANICOLAOU Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，3： | 5 |
| 4 | WINTER RUNOFF AND EROSION ON NORTHWESTERN USA CROPLAND显示文摘Crop management is an important factor in preventing winter runoff and erosion on non-irrigatedcropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region of the U.S. Much of the total annual runoff andsoil loss from agricultural land in the region occurs as a result of rain and snowmelt on frozen and thawingsoil. Quantifying these effects is important for hydrologic model development and calibration, and fordesigning and selecting crop managements to prevent erosion. An experimental setup with several runoffplots under a number of crop management systems was installed at the Palouse Conservation Field Stationin the fall of 1978. Data were collected from natural events on the replicated plots for l3 years. Frost,thaw, and snow depths were measured on the plots regularly. Runoff and sediment samples were obtainedfrom collection tanks on a daily or event basis. Data were analyzed and events were separaed into frozensoil, thawing soil, and non-frozen soil. Crop management had a substantial effect on infiltration and runoff,but an even more significant impact on soil erosion. | D.K. McCool(Agricultural Engineer, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA)C.D. Pannkuk(Soil Scientist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID)K.E. Saxton(Hydrologist, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Natural and somatic embryo embryo development in loblolly pine: gene expression studies using differential display and DNA arrays显示文摘 | Cairney J Xu X Pullman G S | 1999 | Appl Biochem Biotech1999，7779，： | 1 |
| 6 | On the powers of tournament matrices 显示文摘 | Moon J W Pullman N J | 1967 | J Combin Theory1967，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Genetic Research and Cul- ture: Where Does the Offense Lie? 显示文摘 | Pullman D Arbour L | 2009 | The Eth- ics of Cultural Appropriation2009，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Improving loblolly pine somatic embryo maturation; comparison of somatic and zygotic embryo morphology,germination,and gene expression显示文摘 | Pullman G S Johnson S Peter G el id | 2003 | Plant Cell Rep2003，21，： | 1 |
| 9 | Approach to the treatment of limb disorders with botulinum toxin A experience with 187 patients显示文摘 | Pullman SL Greene P Fahn S | 1996 | Arch Neurol1996，53，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Corticospinal system development depends on motor experience 显示文摘 | Martin JH Choy M Pullman S | 2004 | J Neurosci2004，24，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Prevalence of asymptomatic tremor in relatives of patients with essential tremor显示文摘 | Louis ED Ford B Pullman SL | 1997 | Arch Neurol1997，54，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Linear operators preserving idempotent matrices over field显示文摘 | Beasley L B Pullman N L | 1991 | Lin Alg Appl1991，146，： | 1 |
| 13 | Ability of experience design elements to elicit emotions and loyalty behaviors 显示文摘 | Pullman M E Gross M A | 2004 | Decision Sciences2004，35，3： | 1 |
| 14 | A framework for evaluating the customer wait experience显示文摘 | Kelly A. McGuire Sheryl E. Kimes Michael Lynn Madeline E. Pullman Russell C. Lloyd | 2010 | Journal of Service Management2010，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | The impact of Gelrlte and activated carbon on the elemental composition of two conifer embryogenic tissue media显示文摘 | Winkle Van S C Johnson S Pullman G S | 2003 | Plant Cell Rep2003，21，： | 1 |
| 16 | Somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine:improving culture initiation with abscisic acid and silver nitrate显示文摘 | PULLMAN G S NAMJOSHI K ZHANG Y | 2003 | Plant cell reports2003，22，： | 1 |
| 17 | Corticospinal system developmentdepends on motor experience 显示文摘 | Martin JH Choy M Pullman S | 2004 | J Neurosci2004，24，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine and Douglas fir:improving culture initiation and growth with MES pH buffer,biotin and folic acid显示文摘 | PULLMAN G S JOHNSON S VAN TASSEL S | 2005 | Plant cell tissue and organ culture2005，80，： | 1 |
| 19 | Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to SMA worsens complex movements in Parkinsons disease显示文摘 | Boylan LS Pullman SL Lisanby SH | 2001 | Clin Neurophysiol2001，112，： | 1 |
| 20 | The cellular and molecular biology of co- nifer embryogenesis显示文摘 | Cairney J Pullman G S | 2007 | New Phytol2007，176，3： | 1 |
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