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| 1 | Prodromal Parkinson’s disease: hype or hope for disease-modification trials?显示文摘The ultimate goal in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research remains the identification of treatments that are capable of slowing or even halting the progression of the disease. The failure of numerous past disease-modification trials in PD has been attributed to a variety of factors related not only to choosing wrong interventions, but also to using inadequate trial designs and target populations. In patients with clinically established PD, neuronal pathology may already have advanced too far to be modified by any intervention. Based on such reasoning, individuals in yet prediagnostic or prodromal disease stages, may provide a window of opportunity to test disease-modifying strategies. There is now sufficient evidence from prospective studies to define diagnostic criteria for prodromal PD and several approaches have been studied in observational cohorts. These include the use of PD-risk algorithms derived from multiple established risk factors for disease as well as follow-up of cohorts with single defined prodromal markers like hyposmia, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, or PD gene carriers. In this review, we discuss recruitment strategies for disease-modification trials in various prodromal PD cohorts, as well as potential trial designs, required trial durations, and estimated sample sizes. We offer a concluding outlook on how the goal of implementing disease-modification trials in prodromal cohorts might be achieved in the future. | Philipp Mahlknecht Kathrin Marini Mario Werkmann Werner Poewe Klaus Seppi | 2022 | Translational Neurodegeneration2022，11，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Osteoprotegerin Is a Risk Factor for Progressive Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease显示文摘 | Stefan Kiechl Georg Schett Gregor Wenning Kurt Redlich Martin Oberhollenzer Agnes Mayr Peter Santer Josef Smolen Werner Poewe Johann Willeit | 2004 | Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association2004，，18： | 2 |
| 3 | Depression in Parkinson's disease: impediments to recognition and treatment options 显示文摘 | Poewe W Luginger E | 1999 | Neurology1999，52，7： | 1 |
| 4 | New insights into atypicalparkinsonism显示文摘 | Wenning GK Krismer F Poewe W | 2011 | Curr Opin Neurol2011，24，4： | 1 |
| 5 | lh'amipexole for the treatment of depres- sive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: a random- ised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 显示文摘 | Barone P Poewe W | 2010 | Lancet Neurol2010，9，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Management of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson'S disease显示文摘 | Sprenger F Poewe W | 2013 | CNS Drugs2013，27，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease dementia显示文摘 | Poewe W Gauthiers Aarsland D | 2003 | 61(9):1222-12282003，61，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Drug safety evaluation of rotigotine显示文摘 | Sprenger FS Seppi K Poewe W | 2012 | Expert Opin Drug Saf2012，11，： | 1 |
| 9 | Vascular endothelial growth factor in CSF:a biological marker for carcinomatous meningitis显示文摘 | Stockhammer G Poewe W Burgstaller S | 2000 | Neurology2000，54，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Akathisia, restless legs and periodic limb movements in sleep in Parkinson's disease显示文摘 | Poewe W Hogl B | 2004 | Neurology2004，，83： | 1 |
| 11 | Safety and tolerability of growth hormone therapy in multiple system atrophy: A doubleblind,placebo-controlled study 显示文摘 | Holmberg B Johansson JO Poewe W | 2007 | Mov Disord2007，22，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Treatments for Parkinson disease--past achievements and current clinical needs显示文摘 | Poewe W | | 0，，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Diagnosis and management ofParkinson’s disease dementia显示文摘 | Poewe W Gauthiers Aarsland D | 2003 | Internal J Clin Pract2003，61，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Therapeutic advances in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy显示文摘 | Poewe W Mahlknecht P Krismer F | 2015 | Mov Disord2015，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Efficacy and safety of entacapone in Parkinson's disease patients with suboptimal levodopa response : a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study in Germany and Austria( Celomen study) 显示文摘 | POEWE WH DEUSCHL G GORDIN A | 2002 | Acta Neurol Scand2002，105，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presenting with an isolated focal movement disorder显示文摘 | Stockhammer G Poewe W Wissel J | 2000 | Mov Disord2000，15，5： | 1 |
| 17 | MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease 显示文摘 | Postuma RB Berg D Stern M Poewe W Olanow CW Oertel W Obeso J Marek K Litvan I Lang AE Halliday G Goetz CG Gasser T Dubois B Chan P Bloem BR Adler CH Deuschl G | 2015 | Mov Disord2015，30，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Body iron stores and the risk of carotid atheroscledrosis显示文摘 | Willeit J Egger G Poewe W | 1997 | Circulation1997，96，： | 1 |
| 19 | Efficacy of pramipexole and transdermal rotigotine in advanced Parkinson's disease:a double-blind,double-dummy,randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Poewe WH Rascol O | 2007 | Lancet Neurol2007，6，6： | 1 |
| 20 | The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease显示文摘 | Tolosa E Wenning G Poewe W | 2006 | Lancet Neurol2006，5，： | 1 |
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