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| 1 | Yersinia type Ⅲ effectors perturb host innate immune responses显示文摘The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Innate immune cells recognize molecular patterns from the pathogen and mount a response to resolve the infection. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, and induced programmed cell death are processes initiated by innate immune cells in order to combat invading pathogens. However, pathogens have evolved various virulence mechanisms to subvert these responses. One strategy utilized by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is the deployment of a complex machine termed the type Ⅲ secretion system(T3SS). The T3SS is composed of a syringe-like needle structure and the effector proteins that are injected directly into a target host cell to disrupt a cellular response. The three human pathogenic Yersinia spp.(Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis) are Gramnegative bacteria that share in common a 70 kb virulence plasmid which encodes the T3 SS. Translocation of the Yersinia effector proteins(YopE, YopH, YopT, YopM, YpkA/YopO, and YopP/J) into the target host cell results in disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to inhibit phagocytosis, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, and induction of cellular apoptosis of the target cell. Over the past 25 years, studies on the Yersinia effector proteins have unveiled tremendous knowledge of how the effectors enhance Yersinia virulence. Recently, the long awaited crystal structure of YpkA has been solved providing further insights into the activation of the YpkA kinase domain. Multisite autophosphorylation by YpkA to activate its kinase domain was also shown and postulated to serve as a mechanism to bypass regulation by host phosphatases. In addition, novel Yersinia effector protein targets, such as caspase-1, and signaling pathways including activation of the inflammasome were identified. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries made on Yersinia effector proteins and their contribution to Yersinia pathogenesis. | Khavong Pha Lorena Navarro | 2016 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2016，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Role of BRAF in Thyroid Oncogeneis显示文摘 | Lisa M.Caronia John E Pha | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 3 | 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Giuseppe Mancia Robert Fagard Krzysztof Narkiewicz Josep Redon Alberto Zanchetti Michael B? hm Thierry Christiaens Renata Cifkova Guy De Backer Anna Dominiczak Maurizio Galderisi Diederick E. Grobbee Tiny Jaarsma Paulus Kirchhof Sverre E. Kjeldsen Sté pha | 2013 | Blood Pressure2013，，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Temporal relationship between plasma progeste rone concentrations in the utero-ovarian and jugular veins during early pregnancy in the pig显示文摘 | Pha razyn A Foxcrof t G R Aherne F X | 1991 | Animal Reproduction Science1991，26，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Direct diffusion of cisdiammine dichloroplatinum( Ⅱ ) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a comparaaion with systemic chemotherapy显示文摘 | Los G Mutsaers PHA Vander WTF | 1989 | Cancer Res1989，49，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Weight loss and low body cell mass in males with lung cancer: relationship with systemic inflammation, acute-phase response, resting energy expenditure, and catabolic and anabolic hormones 显示文摘 | Jean PHAS Annemie MWJS Wire AB | 1999 | Clinical Science1999，97，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Direct diffusion of cisdiammine dichloroplatinum (Ⅱ) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperioneal chemotherapy: a comparsion with systemic chemotherapy显示文摘 | Los G Mutsaers PHA Vander WJF | 1989 | Cancer Res1989，49，： | 1 |
| 8 | Preparation of hybrid jute-glass fibers with ply-by-ply and skin-core structure-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites 显示文摘 | Tran Vinh Dieu Le Thi Pha/ Phoung Thao | 2002 | Tap Chi Hoa Hoc2002，40，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Direct diffusion of cisdiammine dichloroplatinum (Ⅱ) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a comparison with systemic chemotherapy显示文摘 | Los G Mutsaers PHA Vander WJF | 1989 | Cancer Res1989，49，： | 1 |
| 10 | Protein and messenger RNA levels of plasminogen and inhibitors analyzed in 22 human tumor cell line显示文摘 | Quax PHA Leeawen RTJV Verspaget HV | 1990 | Cancer1990，50，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Thermoregulated se transfer I igands and ysis I synthesis of novel polyether tituted triphenylphosphines and ication of their rhodium complexes wo-phase hydroformylation显示文摘 | Jin pha cata subs appl in t Z L Zheng X L Fell B | 1999 | J MolCal:al1999，，149： | 1 |
| 12 | Reoresentativeness,relevance,and theuse of feelings in decision making显示文摘 | Pha M T | 1998 | JournalConsumer Research1998，25，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Direct diffusion of cisdiammine dichloroplatinum (Ⅱ) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy:a comparesion with systemic chemotherapy显示文摘 | Los G Mutsaers PHA Vander WJF | 1989 | Cancer Res1989，49，： | 1 |
| 14 | Treatment of toxic and naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in oil sludge and scale from Malaysian crude oil terminal using fluidized bed combustion technology显示文摘 | Shamsuddin AH Sopian K | 1998 | Advances in Malaysian Energy Research1998，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Improvement of gelling properties of Lizard fish mince as influenced by microbial transglutaminase and fish freshness显示文摘 | BENJAKUL S PHA TCHARAT S TAMMATINNA A | 2008 | Journal of Food Science2008，73，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Approved lists of bacterial names显示文摘 | Skerman VBD McGowan V Sneath PHA | 1980 | International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology1980，30，： | 1 |
| 17 | 'Official' nomenclature lists显示文摘 | Sneath PHA Brenner DJ | 1992 | ASM News1992，58，： | 1 |
| 18 | The origin of submicron polyethylene wear debris in total hip arthroplasty显示文摘 | McKello PHA Campbell P Part SH et a1 | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 19 | Approved lists of bacterial names 显示文摘 | Skerman VBD McGowan V Sneath PHA | 1980 | Int J Syst Bacteriol1980，30，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Terminal Ground Management 显示文摘 | Musta Pha Nasar | 2003 | Singapore Aviation Academy2003，，6： | 1 |
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