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| 1 | Clostridium diffi cile associated infection,diarrhea and colitis显示文摘A new,hypervirulent strain of Clostridium difficile,called NAP1/BI/027,has been implicated in C.diffi cile outbreaks associated with increased morbidity and mortality since the early 2000s.The epidemic strain is resistant to fluoroquinolones in vitro,which was infrequent prior to 2001.The name of this strain reflects its characteristics,demonstrated by different typing methods:pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(NAP1),restriction endonuclease analysis(BI) and polymerase chain reaction(027).In 2004 and 2005,the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) emphasized that the risk of C.diff icile-associated diarrhea(CDAD) is increased,not only by the usual factors,including antibiotic exposure,but also gastrointestinal surgery/manipulation,prolonged length of stay in a healthcare setting,serious underlying illness,immune-compromising conditions,and aging.Patients on proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) have an elevated risk,as do peripartum women and heart transplant recipients.Before 2002,toxic megacolon in C.diffi cile-associated colitis(CDAC),was rare,but its incidence has increased dramatically.Up to twothirds of hospitalized patients may be infected with C.diff icile.Asymptomatic carriers admitted to healthcare facilities can transmit the organism to other susceptible patients,thereby becoming vectors.Fulminant colitis is reported more frequently during outbreaks of C.diffi cile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).C.difficile infection with IBD carries a higher mortality than without underlying IBD.This article reviews the latest information on C.diffi cile infection,including presentation,vulnerable hosts and choice of antibiotics,alternative therapies,and probiotics and immunotherapy.We review contact precautions for patients with known or suspected C.difficileassociated disease.Healthcare institutions require accurate and rapid diagnosis for early detection of possible outbreaks,to initiate specific therapy and implement effective control measures.A comprehensive C.difficile infection control management rapid response team(RRT) is recommended for each health care facility.A communication network between RRTs is recommended,in coordination with each country's department of health.Our aim is to convey a comprehensive source of information and to guide healthcare professionals in the diffi cult decisions that they face when caring for these oftentimes very ill patients. | Perry Hookman Jamie S Barkin | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，13： | 13 |
| 2 | Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Adenomatous Polyps, 2008: A Joint Guideline From the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology显示文摘 | Bernard Levin David A. Lieberman Beth McFarland Kimberly S. Andrews Durado Brooks John Bond Chiranjeev Dash Francis M. Giardiello Seth Glick David Johnson C. Daniel Johnson Theodore R. Levin Perry J. Pickhardt Douglas K. Rex Robert A. Smith Alan Thorson S | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 8 |
| 3 | Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis and growth显示文摘Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer originating from the neoplastic transformation of the epithelial cells (i.e. cholangiocytes) that line the biliary tract. The prognosis for patients with cholangiocarcinoma is grim due to lack of viable treatment options. The increase in world-wide incidence and mortality from cholangiocarcinoma highlights the importance of understanding the intracellular mechanisms that trigger the neoplastic transformation of cholangiocytes and the growth of biliary cancers. The purpose of the following review is to address what has been learned over the past decade concerning the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinogenesis. The material presented is divided into two sections:(1) mechanisms regulating neoplastic transformation of cholangiocytes; and (2) factors regulating cholangiocarcinoma growth. An understanding of the growth regulatory mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for this devastating cancer. | Candace Wise Metaneeya Pilanthananond Benjamin F Perry Gianfranco Alpini Michael McNeal Shannon S Glaser | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，19： | 5 |
| 4 | Collagen Cross-Linking (CCL) With Sequential Topography-Guided PRK: A Temporizing Alternative for Keratoconus to Penetrating Keratoplasty显示文摘 | A John Kanellopoulos Perry S Binder | 2007 | Cornea2007，，7： | 2 |
| 5 | Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response 显示文摘 | PERRY J W MANSOUR K LEE I-Y S | 1996 | Science1996，273，： | 2 |
| 6 | Defining biominerals and organominerals:Direct and indirect indicators of life 显示文摘 | Perry R S Mcloughlin N Lyrme B Y | 2007 | Sedimentary Geology2007，201，： | 1 |
| 7 | Targeting glucose metabolism: an emerging concept for anticancer therapy显示文摘 | MADHOK B M YELURI S PERRY S L | 2011 | Am J Clin Oncol2011，34，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain显示文摘 | Perry VH Hume DA Gordon S | 1985 | Neurosci1985，15，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Compressive behavior of concrete at high strain rates显示文摘 | Bisehoff P H Perry S H | 1991 | Material and Structure1991，24，： | 1 |
| 10 | Non-adherence tohighly active antiretroviral therapy predicts progression toAIDS显示文摘 | Bangsberg DR Perry S Charlebois ED | 2001 | AIDS2001，15，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Illustrations and guidelines for selecting statistical methods for quantifying spatial pattern in ecological data显示文摘 | Perry J N Liebhold A M Rosenberg M S | 2002 | Ecography2002，25，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial 6f the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412 显示文摘 | Suntharalingam G Perry MR Ward S | 2006 | N Engl J Med2006，355，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Compressive behaviour of concrete at high strain rates显示文摘 | Bischoff P H Perry S H | 1991 | Materials and Structures1991，24，： | 1 |
| 14 | Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate following intravesical therapy for Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 显示文摘 | Hardeman S W Perry A Soloway M S | 1988 | J Urol1988，140，： | 1 |
| 15 | Levetiraeetam versus earbamazepine monotherapy for partial epilepsy in children less than 16 years of age 显示文摘 | Perry S Holt P Benatar M | 2008 | J Child Neurol2008，23，： | 1 |
| 16 | The kidney-the body's playground for drugs: an overview of renal drug handling with selected clinical correlates 显示文摘 | Perri D Ito S Rowsell V | 2003 | Can J Clin Pharmacol2003，10，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Glomerulosclerosis: aparaneoplastic phenomenon? 显示文摘 | LOI S PERRY G J STANDISH H | 2004 | Nephrology (Carlton)2004，9，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Amino acid abnormalities in epileptogenic foci 显示文摘 | Perry T L Hansen S | 1981 | Neurology1981，31，： | 1 |
| 19 | Thoracic surgery directors association award:Bone marrow as a cell source for tissue engineering heart valves显示文摘 | Perry TE Kaushal S Sutherland FW | 2003 | Ann Thorac Surg2003，75，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Immediate IL-10 expression following major orthopaedic trauma: relationship to anti-inflammatory response and subsequent development of sepsis 显示文摘 | Giannoudis P V Smith R M Perry S L | 2000 | Intensive Care Med2000，26，8： | 1 |
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