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| 1 | Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in patients with HCV infection after liver transplantation:Effects on virus replication and recurrent hepatitis显示文摘瞄准:决定 calcineurin 禁止者, cyclosporine 和 tacrolimus 的效果,在丙肝上,在病人的周期性的丙肝的病毒(HCV ) 复制和活动张贴肝移植。方法:在我们的中心为在 1999 和 2003 之间的联系 HCV 的肝肝硬化收到了肝移植的 107 个病人的一个队的数据回顾地被分析。浆液 HCV-RNA 的水平和周期性的肝炎的活动在作为主要抑制免疫力的代理人和没在移植以后在开始的 12 瞬间以内导致胆汁的复杂并发症的不那样类似的抑制免疫力的政体收到了 cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus 的 47 个病人之间被比较。结果:HCV-RNA 在移植以后在 3 瞬间以内增加了,但是 cyclosporine 组和 tacrolimus 组之间的差别是不足道的(在 12 瞬间的 P=0.49 ) 。另外,由浆液 transaminases 决定了的周期性的肝炎并且门发炎和纤维变性的组织学的分级没在 12 瞬间(P=0.34 ) 以后显示出有效差量。结论:一个主要抑制免疫力的代理人不在肝移植以后在感染 HCV 的病人影响周期性的肝炎的正式就职或严厉的 Cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus。 | Philip Hilgard Alisan Kahraman Nils Lehmann Cornelia Seltmann Susanne Beckebaum R Stefan Ross Hideo A Baba Massimo Malago Christoph E Broelsch Guido Gerken | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，5： | 235 |
| 2 | Portal vein thrombosis:Prevalence,patient characteristics and lifetime risk:A population study based on 23796 consecutive autopsies显示文摘瞄准:估计一生在一般人口的门静脉血栓形成(PVT ) 的累积发生。方法:在 1970 和 1982 之间, 23,796 具尸体,在马尔摩城市人口代表 84% 所有在里面医院死亡,被执行,用包括门静脉的检查的一个 standardised 协议。PVT 病人被描述并且在尸体的 PVT 流行,一生的表情累积发生,在高风险的疾病范畴估计了并且以机会比率和 95% CI 表示了。结果:PVT 的人口流行是 1.0% 。有 PVT 28% 的 254 个病人有肝硬化, 23% 主要并且 44% 第二等的肝胆管恶意, 10% 主要腹的传染或煽动性的疾病并且 3% 有 myeloproliferative 混乱。有肝硬化和肝的癌的病人有最高的 PVT 风险,或 17.1 (95% CI 11.1-26.4 ) 。在 14% ,没有原因被发现;仅仅,少数他们开发了 portal-hypertension-related 复杂并发症。结论:在这基于人口的研究, PVT 比由以前的临床的系列显示被发现更普通。显著地,在肝硬化和肝的癌的过量风险应该在指导干预的未来的研究可能为被考虑的这些病人保证增加的了解。 | Mats gren David Bergqvist Martin Bjrck Stefan Acosta Henry Eriksson Nils H Sternby | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，13： | 66 |
| 3 | 美国临床生化科学院检验医学实践指南:睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌肿瘤标志物的应用显示文摘经美国临床生化科学院(NCAB)授权,由鄢盛恺教授组织学者、专家翻译审定2009年NCAB检验医学实践指南:睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌中肿瘤标志物的应用单行本(Catharine M.Sturgeon教授和Eleftherios P.Diaman-dis教授编辑)。该指南包含第1至6章共6部分内容,参加指南制订的专家阵容强大,分别从临床及检验角度对睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌中肿瘤标志物的检测与临床应用方面的问题进行了详细阐述与说明,是目前国内外在肿瘤实验诊断方面的纲领性应用文件。不仅适合广大检验人员、临床医护人员学习使用,也非常适合相关仪器试剂生产厂商研发应用。本指南由刘洋、薛丽、林文涛、李江、梁红艳、顾兵、潘世扬、郑磊等翻译,姜晓峰、沈文梅、田亚平、鄢盛恺审校,最后由鄢盛恺统稿审定。本指南的翻译出版,不仅有助于我国检验人员和医护人员合理的检测和应用睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌肿瘤标志物,对我国检验医学指南的编写与应用也有一定的借鉴作用。本刊特在本期刊发,以飨广大读者。 | 鄢盛恺 Ulf-Hkan Stenman Rolf Lamerz Leendert H.Looijenga Nils Brünner Michael J.Duffy Caj Haglund Mads Holten-Andersen Hans JФrgen Nielsen Francisco J.Esteva Nadia Harbeck Daniel F.Hayes Rafael Molina Daniel W.Chan Robert C.Bast Jr Ie-Ming Shih Lori J.Sokoll Gyrgy Slétormos 刘洋 梁红艳 姜晓峰 田亚平 薛丽 林文涛 顾兵 潘世扬 沈文梅 郑磊 李江 | 2012 | 临床检验杂志2012，30，2： | 32 |
| 4 | Is ARFI elastography reliable for predicting fibrosis severity in chronic HCV hepatitis?显示文摘AIM:To determine whether acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) elastography is a reliable method for predicting fibrosis severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) hepatitis.METHODS:We performed a multicenter study including 274 subjects with HCV chronic hepatitis in which we compared ARFI with liver biopsy(LB).In each patient we performed LB(evaluated according to the Metavir score) and ARFI measurements(using a Siemens Acuson S2000TM ultrasound system:10 valid measurements were performed and median values were calculated and expressed in meters/second(m/s).RESULTS:A direct,strong,correlation(Spearman r = 0.707) was found between ARFI measurements and fibrosis(P < 0.0001).For predicting the presence of fibrosis(F ≥ 1 Metavir),significant fibrosis(F ≥ 2),severe fibrosis(F ≥ 3) and cirrhosis(F = 4),the cutoff values of 1.19,1.21,1.58 and 1.82 m/s were determined,respectively,liver stiffness measurements had 73%,84%,84% and 91% Se respectively;93%,91%,94%,90% Sp,respectively;with AUROCs of 0.880,0.893,0.908 and 0.937,respectively.CONCLUSION:ARFI measurement is a reliable method for predicting the severity of fibrosis in HCV | Ioan Sporea Roxana Sirli Simona Bota Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Alina Popescu Radu Badea Monica Lupsor Ana Petrisor Mirela Dnil | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，7： | 24 |
| 5 | Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis显示文摘Diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases is commonly referred to as pancreatogenic diabetes or type 3c diabetes mellitus.It is a clinically relevant condition with a prevalence of 5%-10%among all diabetic subjects in Western populations.In nearly 80%of all type 3c diabetes mellitus cases,chronic pancreatitis seems to be the underlying disease.The prevalence and clinical importance of diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis has certainly been underestimated and underappreciated so far.In contrast to the management of type 1 or type2 diabetes mellitus,the endocrinopathy in type 3c is very complex.The course of the disease is complicated by additional present comorbidities such as maldigestion and concomitant qualitative malnutrition.General awareness that patients with known and/or clinically overt chronic pancreatitis will develop type 3c diabetes mellitus(up to 90%of all cases)is rather good.However,in a patient first presenting with diabetes mellitus,chronic pancreatitis as a potential causative condition is seldom considered.Thus many patients are misdiagnosed.The failure to correctly diagnose type 3 diabetes mellitus leads to a failure to implement an appropriate medical therapy.In patients with type 3c diabetes mellitus treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency,preventing or treating a lack of fat-soluble vitamins(especially vitamin D)and restoring impaired fat hydrolysis and incretin secretion are key-features of medical therapy. | Nils Ewald Philip D Hardt | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 23 |
| 6 | Molecular overview of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis显示文摘Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretion,and/or caused by defects in the secretory machinery of cholangiocytes.Several mutations and pathways that lead to cholestasis have been described.Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)is a group of rare diseases caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes that encode proteins expressed mainly in the apical membrane of the hepatocytes.PFIC 1,also known as Byler’s disease,is caused by mutations of the ATP8B1 gene,which encodes the familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 protein.PFIC 2 is characterized by the downregulation or absence of functional bile salt export pump(BSEP)expression via variations in the ABCB11 gene.Mutations of the ABCB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resistance class 3 glycoprotein,leading to the third type of PFIC.Newer variations of this disease have been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while mutations of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes farnesoid X receptor,an important transcription factor for bile formation,cause PFIC 5.A recently described type of PFIC is associated with a mutation in the MYO5B gene,important for the trafficking of BSEP and hepatocyte membrane polarization.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms and clinical features associated with each type of PFIC based on peer reviewed journals published between 1993 and 2020. | Sriram Amirneni Nils Haep Mohammad A Gad Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez James E Squires Rodrigo MFlorentino | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，47： | 17 |
| 7 | Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review显示文摘Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choice and total nutrient content.Results can be used to create designer biochars to help solve environmental issues and supply a variety of plant-available nutrients for crop growth. | James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，4： | 13 |
| 8 | Differential expression of interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor signaling regulators in microscopic and ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling regulators in microscopic and ulcerative colitis patients.METHODS:Total RNA and microRNA were isolated from fresh frozen colonic biopsies of non-inflamed controls and patients with active or in-remission collagenous colitis(CC),lymphocytic colitis(LC),or ulcerative colitis(UC).We compared expressions of interleukin-1receptor-associated kinase(IRAK)-2,IRAK-M,interleukin(IL)-37,microRNA(miR)-146a,miR-155,and miR-21 using quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:IRAK-M expression was increased in LC patients with active disease in histopathological remission(LC-HR;P=0.02)and UC patients(P=0.01),but no differences in IRAK-2 expression were detected compared to controls.miR-146a,-155 and-21 expressions were increased in LC-HR(P=0.04,0.07,and 0.004)and UC(P=0.02,0.04 and 0.03)patients.miR-146a and miR-21 expressions were significantly enhanced in UC patients compared to UC remission(UC-R;P=0.01and 0.04).Likewise,active CC patients showed significantly increased expression of miR-155(P=0.003)and miR-21(P=0.006).IL-37 expression was decreased in both CC(P=0.03)and LC(P=0.04)patients with a similar trend in UC patients but not statistically significant,whilst it was increased in UC-R patients compared to controls(P=0.02)and active UC(P=0.001).CONCLUSION:The identification of differentially expressed miRNAs,IL-37,and IRAK-M suggests different pathophysiologic mechanisms in various disease stages in LC,CC,and UC. | Sezin Gunaltay Nils Nyhlin Ashok Kumar Kumawat Curt Tysk Johan Bohr Olof Hultgren Elisabeth Hultgren Hornquist | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 11 |
| 9 | Redox-Dependent Regulation of the Stress-Induced Zinc-Finger Protein SAP12 in Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘联系压力的蛋白质 SAP12 属于联系压力的蛋白质(树液) 与在 Arabidopsis thaliana 的 14 个成员一起的家庭。SAP12 包含二根 AN1 锌手指并且作为经历主要氧化还原作用依赖者 conformational 变化的蛋白质在斜 2D 氧化还原作用 SDSPAGE 被识别。它的抄本强烈以类似于 SAP10 的一种时间依赖者方式在冷、咸的应力下面被导致,与在 6 以后的高水平 ? 在 24 和 48 以后的 h 和减少的层次 ? h。抄本规定在 24 和 48 点压力标记 peroxiredoxin PrxIID 类似于那些 ? h。Recombinant SAP12 蛋白质在在非减少的 SDS polyacrylamide 胶化电气泳动由改变的 electrophoretic 活动性设想了的第四级的结构显示出氧化还原作用依赖者变化。氧化 oligomer 被高 dithiothreitol 集中减少,并且另外由 E。有低 dithiothreitol (DTT ) 的 coli thioredoxin TrxA 加 NADPH 依赖的 thioredoxin reductase 的集中或 NADPH。从西方的污点, SAP12 蛋白质数量被估计在 0.5 的范围 ? ng ? g ? 1 叶蛋白质。SAP12 蛋白质在盐和冷应力下面减少了。这些数据建议一个氧化还原作用在特别地在冷、咸的应力下面的植物房间的 SAP12 的连接状态的功能。 | Elke Stroeher Xin-Jia Wang Nils Roloff Peter Klein Arne Husemann Karl-Josef Dietz | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，2： | 11 |
| 10 | Gallbladder emptying in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis显示文摘AIM:To assess gallbladder emptying and its association with cholecystitis and abdominal pain in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:Twenty patients with PSC and ten healthy subjects were investigated.Gallbladder fasting volume, ejection fraction and residual volume after ingestion of a test meal were compared in patients with PSC and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging.Symptoms, thickness and contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall and the presence of cystic duct strictures were also assessed.RESULTS:Median fasting gallbladder volume in patients with PSC [67(19-348) mL] was twice that in healthy controls [32(16-55) mL](P < 0.05).The median postprandial gallbladder volume in patients with PSC was signiflcantly larger than that in healthy controls(P < 0.05).There was no difference in ejection fraction, gallbladder emptying volume or mean thickness of the gallbladder wall between PSC patients and controls.Contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall in PSC patients was higher than that in controls;(69% ± 32%) and(42% ± 21%)(P < 0.05).No significant association was found between the gallbladder volumes and occurrence of abdominal pain in patients and controls.CONCLUSION:Patients with PSC have increased fasting gallbladder volume.Gallbladder Mucosal dysfunction secondary to chronic cholecystitis, may be a possible mechanism for increased gallbladder. | Karouk Said Nick Edsborg Nils Albiin Annika Bergquist | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，28： | 9 |
| 11 | Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and 4.The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection.It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation.Despite intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour.Upon reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours.Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage.Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand.Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation.Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties;therefore,therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg(approval No.35-9185.81/G14-122)on October 19,2012. | Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Lesion-symptom mapping with NIHSS sub-scores in ischemic stroke patients显示文摘Background Lesion-symptom mapping(LSM)is a statistical technique to investigate the population-specific relationship between structural integrity and post-stroke clinical outcome.In clinical practice,patients are commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),an 11-domain clinical score to quantitate neurological deficits due to stroke.So far,LSM studies have mostly used the total NIHSS score for analysis,which might not uncover subtle structure–function relationships associated with the specific sub-domains of the NIHSS evaluation.Thus,the aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to perform LSM analyses with sub-score information to reveal category-specific structure–function relationships that a total score may not reveal.Methods Employing a multivariate technique,LSM analyses were conducted using a sample of 180 patients with NIHSS assessment at 48-hour post-stroke from the ESCAPE trial.The NIHSS domains were grouped into six categories using two schemes.LSM was conducted for each category of the two groupings and the total NIHSS score.Results Sub-score LSMs not only identify most of the brain regions that are identified as critical by the total NIHSS score but also reveal additional brain regions critical to each function category of the NIHSS assessment without requiring extensive,specialised assessments.Conclusion These findings show that widely available sub-scores of clinical outcome assessments can be used to investigate more specific structure–function relationships,which may improve predictive modelling of stroke outcomes in the context of modern clinical stroke assessments and neuroimaging. | Deepthi Rajashekar Matthias Wilms M Ethan MacDonald Serena Schimert Michael D Hill Andrew Demchuk Mayank Goyal Sean P Dukelow Nils Daniel Forkert | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，2： | 7 |
| 13 | 中美医学生课程设置的对比研究和启示——以北京大学和匹兹堡大学为例显示文摘目的探讨目前中国和美国医学生培养过程中课程设置的差异,以及对我国医学生教育的启示。方法选取北京大学2010级8年制学生的课表和匹兹堡大学同年级医学生的课表进行比较。比较课程数量、课程分布、创新能力培养情况、医患沟通课程。采用SPSS 20.0对相关数据进行t检验和卡方检验。结果两所医学院校的课程总数接近,北京大学每学年学习周数为(41.6±8.7),匹兹堡大学每学年学习周数为(39.6±8.5),经过配对t检验,差异无统计学意义(t=1.414,P=0.200)。课程分布均为由综合课程向医学课程,基础课程向临床课程过渡的方式。专业课程的设置类似。创新型能力培养及医患沟通教育均体现在两所高校的课程中,但匹兹堡大学的相应培养课程开设较早,形式灵活。其中,医患沟通课时,北京大学累计47学时,形式为大课;匹兹堡大学累计140课时,包括大课讲授、与标准患者的交流和与真实患者的交流;经卡方检验,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=67.45,P=0.000)。结论经过20余年的医学教育改革,我国部分院校医学生课程设置已经基本达到发达国家水平,专业课程设置与发达国家医学院的设置相似,但仍然需要加强学生创新能力培养和医学人文教育。 | 洪颖 丁瞳 李学民 王薇 Priyal Shah Nils A. Loewen | 2019 | 中华医学教育探索杂志2019，18，4： | 7 |
| 14 | 鱼类的遗传种群结构与海岸带管理的关系显示文摘种群内部及之间遗传变异的分布模式称为物种的遗传种群结构。为避免遗传资源的损耗,可持续管理应当以对这一结构的认识为基础。在确定渔业管理的生物单位的情况时,我们讨论遗传种群结构的关键方面,提出了三种基本结构类型:独特种群、连续变化种群和无变异种群。结构类型决定遗传可持续管理中单位是如何被识别的。我们也将回顾目前瑞典波罗的海开采利用鱼类基因种群结构情况,并且得出结论:遗传信息对大多数物种而言是不足的。这是一个严重的问题,特别是考虑到几类商业性开采的鱼类种群正在衰退,有一些出现补充问题。对于6个物种,即大西洋鲱、大西洋鲑、河鳟、欧洲鳗鲡、大菱鲆、白斑狗鱼,目前有丰富的遗传资料至少可以为遗传结构生物的可持续利用和单位提供基本的信息。当前的管理实践并没有充分考虑这些信息。 | Linda Laikre Stefan Palm Nils Ryman 桂静 | 2005 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2005，34，2： | 7 |
| 15 | 板坯结晶器流场控制的发展趋势显示文摘鉴于电磁装置在提高板坯质量方面得到了普遍的认可,因此,过去几年大家对它的关注与日俱增。通过电磁装置对结晶器内钢液进行搅拌和/或者制动作用,能大大提高板坯的表面和皮下质量。不同的浇铸条件,如拉速和铸坯断面尺寸等与铸坯质量密切相关,而恰当地利用电磁技术可最大限度取得最好的产品质量。在低通钢量时通常需要搅拌(AC)功能,而大通钢量时则需要制动功能(DC)。这种具有挑战性的电磁装置已经被开发出来,其特点是功能多样化和操作灵活性,可通过对结晶器整个宽面的流场控制来最大限度地提高板坯质量。 | 钟云涛 潘汉玉 Nils Jacobson Martin Seden | 2016 | 宝钢技术2016，9，4： | 6 |
| 16 | Liver-specific therapies for metastases of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors显示文摘The presence or development of liver metastases in patients with neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors is the most important prognostic factor.Liver resection,transplantation and many different therapeutic approaches are discussed in this special review. | Volker Fendrich Patrick Michl Nils Habbe Detlef Klaus Bartsch | 2010 | World Journal of Hepatology2010，2，10： | 6 |
| 17 | Severe adverse events during antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients: A systematic review显示文摘AIM: To identify severe adverse events (SAEs) leading to treatment discontinuation that occur during antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cirrhotic patients. METHODS: We identified all the articles published prior to December 2011 in the PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane and Medscape databases that presented these data in cirrhotic patients. These studies evaluated the rate of SAEs leading to discontinuation of standard care treatment: Pegylated interferon (PegIFN) alpha 2a (135-180 μg/wk) or PegIFN alpha 2b (1 or 1.5 μg/kg per week) and ribavirin (800-1200 mg/d). Patients with genotype 1 + 4 underwent treatment for 48 wk, whereas those with genotypes 2 + 3 were treated for 24 wk.RESULTS: We included 17 papers in this review, comprising of 1133 patients. Treatment was discontinued due to SAEs in 14.5% of the patients. The most common SAEs were: severe thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia (23.2%), psychiatric disorders (15.5%), decompensation of liver cirrhosis (12.1%) and severe anemia (11.2%). The proportion of patients who needed to discontinue their therapy due to SAEs was significantly higher in patients with Child-Pugh class B and Cvs those with Child-Pugh class A: 22%vs 11.4% (P = 0.003). A similar discontinuation rate was found in cirrhotic patients treated with PegIFN alpha 2a and those treated with PegIFN alpha 2b, in combination with ribavirin: 14.2%vs 13.7% (P = 0.96). The overall sustained virological response rate in cirrhotic patients was 37% (95%CI: 33.5-43.1) but was significantly lower in patients with genotype 1 + 4 than in those with genotype 2 + 3: 20.5% (95%CI: 17.9-24.8) vs 56.5% (95%CI: 51.5-63.2), (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Fourteen point five percent of HCV cirrhotic patients treated with PegIFN and ribavirin needed early discontinuation of therapy due to SAEs, the most common cause being hematological disorders. | Simona Bota Ioan Sporea Roxana Sirli Alina Popescu Adriana Maria Neghinǎ Mirela Dǎnilǎ Mihnea Strǎin | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，3： | 6 |
| 18 | Key factors determining biochar sorption capacity for metal contaminants:a literature synthesis显示文摘The sorption capacity and affinity of biochar for metals are both important attributes that determine biochar’s suitability as a soil amendment for contaminant mitigation,yet few analyses have considered both characteristics simultaneously.We present a systematic review of literature published between 2010 and 2018 to test the hypothesis that sorption capacity and affinity are affected by biochar properties,attributes of the metal contaminant,and experimental conditions,in that order.We used random forest(RF)and multi-objective optimization to analyze data of 559 individual Langmuir adsorption isotherms extracted from 133 studies covering the sorption capacity(C_(max))and affinity(K_(L))of biochar for 17 different metals,elabo-rated from six different feedstock classes,three different types of feedstock pretreatment,and five types of post-pyrolysis treatment.Highest sorption values were obtained for Pb(II),Cr(IV),and Cd(II).The feedstock used was the key determinant influencing biochar’s capacity and affinity to sorb metal contaminants(first and fourth most important variable in RF mod-els for C_(max) and K_(L),respectively)with best results obtained for biochar elaborated from nutrient-dense feedstocks(animal biowaste,sludge,and manure).Biochars that had both high sorption capacity and affinity were the result of a longer dura-tion of pyrolysis;they had lower C and higher N and O content,as well as lower C/N and higher O/C and H/C ratios,higher pore volumes and higher pH.Applying some form of pretreatment was better than none,whereas chemical modification was the best of the post-treatment methods analyzed.This review demonstrates clearly that multiple parameters during the preparation process influence the effectiveness of biochar to immobilize metal contaminants.Future research that focuses on mechanisms and the underlying factors for the correlations observed should allow the development of biochar formulations that are even more effective at immobilizing metal contaminants in soils and sediments. | Evert Thomas Nils Borchard Christian Sarmiento Rachel Atkinson Brenton Ladd | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，2： | 5 |
| 19 | Endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater:Three-year follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function and clinical symptoms显示文摘AIM: To investigate retrospectively the long-term effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) including exocrine pancreatic function in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater. METHODS: After diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and ES because of stenosis of the ampulla of Vater (SOD Type Ⅰ), follow-up examinations were performed in 60 patients (mean follow-up time 37.7 mo). Patients were asked about clini-cal signs and symptoms at present and before interven-tion using a standard questionnaire. Before and after ES exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by determina-tion of immunoreactive fecal elastase 1. Serum enzymes indicating cholestasis as well as serum lipase and amy-lase were measured. RESULTS: Eighty percent of patients reported an im-provement in their general condition after ES. The fecal elastase 1 concentrations (FEC) in all patients increased significantly after ES. This effect was even more marked in patients with pathologically low concentrations (< 200 μg/g) of fecal elastase prior to ES. The levels of serum lipase and amylase as well as serum alcaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) decreased signifi-cantly after ES. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that patients with stenosis of the ampulla of Vater can be successfully treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. The positive effect is not only indicated by sustained improvement of clinical symptoms and cholestasis but also by improvement of exocrine pancreatic function. | Nils Ewald Axel Michael Marzeion Reinhard Georg Bretzel Hans Ulrich Kloer Philip Daniel Hardt | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，6： | 5 |
| 20 | 急性缺血性卒中的机械取栓治疗:ESO、ESMINT、ESNR和EAN共同支持的2014/2015 ESO-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议共识声明显示文摘这份卒中后机械取栓治疗共识声明的原始版本于2014年11月16—18日在斯德哥尔摩召开的欧洲卒中组织(European Stroke Organisation, ESO)-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议期间得到批准。根据会议安排,在2015年利用新的临床试验数据对该声明进行了更新。2015年2月,在瑞士伯尔尼召开的ESO冬季培训会期间组织了面对面会议对共识声明进行修订,然后通过电子邮件交换意见,最终版本得到各学会的认可。推荐意见与原始版本一致,证据等级更新到2015年2月20日为止,在2015年5月15日获得确认。ESO-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议的目的在于总结卒中治疗研究的最新进展并探讨如何将这些最新研究结果应用于临床实践。共识会议选择了一些议题进行讨论,与会者草拟一份共识声明并进行讨论。该声明接受了ESO指南委员会的指导。这份共识声明包括对急性卒中后机械取栓治疗的推荐意见,得到欧洲卒中组织ESO、欧洲神经微创治疗学会(European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy, ESMINT)、欧洲神经放射学学会(European Society of Neuroradiology, ESNR)和欧洲神经病学学会(European Academy of Neurology, EAN)的支持。 | Nils Wahlgren Tiago Moreira Patrik Michel Thorsten Steiner Olav Jansen Christophe Cognard Heinrich P Mattle Wim van Zwam Staffan Holmin Turgut Tatlisumak Jesper Petersson Valeria Caso Werner Hacke Mikael Mazighi Marcel Arnold Urs Fischer Istvan Szikora Laurent Pierot Jens Fiehler Jan Gralla Franz Fazekas Kennedy R Lees 高洁 徐格林 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，1： | 5 |
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