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| 1 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis: comparison with viral hepatitis-associated steatosis显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is globally increasing and has become a world-wide health problem. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus(HCV) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Viral hepatitis-associated hepatic steatosis is often caused by metabolic syndrome including obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia. It has been reported that HCV genotype 3 exerts direct metabolic effects that lead to hepatic steatosis. In this review,the differences between NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis-associated steatosis are discussed. | Yuki Haga Tatsuo Kanda Reina Sasaki Masato Nakamura Shingo Nakamoto Osamu Yokosuka | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，46： | 20 |
| 2 | Antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus infection with cirrhosis显示文摘Patients who are infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and also have advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis have beenrecognized as 'difficult-to-treat' patients during an era when peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy is the standard of care. Recent guidelines have clearly stated that treatment should be prioritized in this population to prevent complications such as decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C have been achieved through the development of direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs). Boceprevir and telaprevir are first-generation DAAs that inhibit the HCV NS3/4A protease. Boceprevir or telaprevir, in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, improved the sustained virological response rates compared with peginterferon and ribavirin alone and were tolerated in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis or compensated cirrhosis. However, the efficacy is lower especially in prior non-responders with or without cirrhosis. Furthermore, a high incidence of adverse events was observed in patients with advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis, in real-life settings. Current guidelines in the United States and in some European countries no longer recommend these regimens for the treatment of HCV. Next-generation DAAs include second-generation HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors, HCV NS5 A inhibitors and HCV NS5 B inhibitors, which have a high efficacy and a lower toxicity. These drugs are used in interferon-free or in interferon-based regimens with or without ribavirin in combination with different classes of DAAs. Interferon-based regimens, such as simeprevir in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, are well tolerated and are highly effective especially in treatmentnave patients and in patients who received treatment but who relapsed. The efficacy is less pronounced in nullresponders and in patients with cirrhosis. Interferonfree regimens in combination with ribavirin and/or two or more DAAs could be used for treatment-nave, treatment-experienced and even for interferon-ineligible or interferon-intolerant patients. Some clinical trials have demonstrated promising results, and have shown that the efficacy and safety were not different between patients with and without cirrhosis. There are also promising regimens for genotypes other than genotype 1. Interferonis contraindicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and further studies are needed to establish the optimal treatment regimen for this population. In the future, interferon-free and ribavirin-free regimens with high efficacy and improved safety are expected for HCVinfected patients with advanced liver diseases. | Shingo Nakamoto Tatsuo Kanda Hiroshi Shirasawa Osamu Yokosuka | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，8： | 17 |
| 3 | Fucoidan enhances intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of claudin-1显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the protective effects of fucoidan on oxidative stress-induced barrier disruption in human intestinal epithelial cells.METHODS:In Caco-2 cell monolayer models,the disruption of barrier function by oxidative stress is mediated by H2O2.The integrity of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined by measuring the transepithelial resistance(TER)and permeability was estimated by measuring the paracellular transport of FITC-labeled4-kDa dextran(FD4).The protective effects of fucoidan on epithelial barrier functions on polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers were evaluated by TER and FD4 flux.The expression of tight junction(TJ)proteins was assessed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Without H2O2treatment,fucoidan significantly increased the TER compared to control(P<0.05),indicating a direct enhancement of intestinal epithelial barrier function.Next,H2O2disrupted the epithelial barrier function in a time-dependent manner.Fucoidan prevented the H2O2-induced destruction in a dosedependent manner.Fucoidan significantly decreased H2O2-induced FD4 flux(P<0.01),indicating the prevention of disruption in paracellular permeability.RTPCR showed that Caco-2 cells endogenously expressed claudin-1 and-2,and occludin and that H2O2reduced the mRNA expression of these TJ proteins.Treatment with fucoidan attenuated the reduction in the expressions of claudin-1 and claudin-2 but not occludin.Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of claudin-1 was intact and high on the cell surface.H2O2disrupted the integrity of claudin-1.Treatment with fucoidan dramatically attenuated the expression of claudin-1.CONCLUSION:Fucoidan enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function by upregulating the expression of claudin-1.Thus,fucoidan may be an appropriate therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. | Atsushi Iraha Hiroshi Chinen Akira Hokama Takumi Yonashiro Tetsu Kinjo Kazuto Kishimoto Manabu Nakamoto Tetsuo Hirata Nagisa Kinjo Futoshi Higa Masao Tateyama Fukunori Kinjo Jiro Fujita | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，33： | 15 |
| 4 | Emergence of immunotherapy as a novel way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Tumor immunity proceeds through multiple processes, which consist of antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells(APCs) to educate effector cells and destruction by the effector cytotoxic cells. However, tumor immunity is frequently repressed at tumor sites. Malignantly transformed cells rarely survive the attack by the immune system, but cells that do survive change their phenotypes to reduce their immunogenicity. The resultant cells evade the attack by the immune system and form clinically discernible tumors. Tumor microenvironments simultaneously contain a wide variety of immune suppressive molecules and cells to dampen tumor immunity. Moreover, the liver microenvironment exhibits immune tolerance to reduce aberrant immune responses to massively-exposed antigens via the portal vein, and immune dysfunction is frequently associated with liver cirrhosis, which is widespread in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients. Immune therapy aims to reduce tumor burden, but it is also expected to prevent non-cancerous liver lesions from progressing to HCC, because HCC develops or recurs from noncancerous liver lesions with chronic inflammatory states and/or cirrhosis and these lesions cannot be cured and/or eradicated by local and/or systemic therapies. Nevertheless, cancer immune therapy should augment specific tumor immunity by using two distinct measures: enhancing the effector cell functions such as antigen presentation capacity of APCs and tumor cell killing capacity of cytotoxic cells, and reactivating the immune system in immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we will summarize the current status and discuss the future perspective on immune therapy for HCC. | Naofumi Mukaida Yasunari Nakamoto | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，17： | 13 |
| 5 | Diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis using a monoclonal antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the utility of immunohistochemical(IHC) staining with an antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis(TB).METHODS:We retrospectively identified 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;mean age = 65.1 ± 13.6 years) with intestinal TB.Clinical characteristics,including age,gender,underlying disease,and symptoms were obtained.Chest radiograph and laboratory tests,including sputum Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN) staining,M.tuberculosis culture,and sputum polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for tubercle bacilli DNA,as well as Tuberculin skin test(TST) and QuantiFERON-TB gold test(QFT),were examined.Colonoscopic records recorded on the basis of Sato's classification were also reviewed,in addition to data from intestinal biopsies examined for histopathological findings,including hematoxylin and eosin staining,and ZN staining,as well as M.tuberculosis culture,and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA.For the present study,archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) intestinal tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained using a commercially available species-specific monoclonal antibody to the 38-kDa antigen of the M.tuberculosis complex.These sections were also stained with the pan-macrophage marker CD68 antibody.RESULTS:From the clinical data,we found that no patients were immunocompromised,and that the main symptoms were diarrhea and weight loss.Three patients displayed active pulmonary TB,six patients(60%) had a positive TST,and 4 patients(40%) had a positive QFT.Colonoscopic findings revealed that all patients had type 1 findings(linear ulcers in a circumferential arrangement or linear ulcers arranged circumferentially with mucosa showing multiple nodules),all of which were located in the right hemicolon and/or terminal ileum.Seven patients(70%) had concomitant healed lesions in the ileocecal area.No acid-fast bacilli were detected with ZN staining of the intestinal tissue samples,and both M.tuberculosis culture and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA were negative in all samples.The histopathological data revealed that tuberculous granulomas were present in 4 cases(40%).IHC staining in archived FFPE samples with anti-M.tuberculosis monoclonal antibody revealed positive findings in 4 patients(40%);the same patients in which granulomas were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.M.tuberculosis antigens were found to be mostly intracellular,granular in pattern,and primarily located in the CD68 + macrophages of the granulomas.CONCLUSION:IHC staining with a monoclonal antibody to M.tuberculosis may be an efficient and simple diagnostic tool in addition to classic examination methods for the diagnosis of intestinal TB. | Yasushi Ihama Akira Hokama Kenji Hibiya Kazuto Kishimoto Manabu Nakamoto Tetsuo Hirata Nagisa Kinjo Haley L Cash Futoshi Higa Masao Tateyama Fukunori Kinjo Jiro Fujita | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 12 |
| 6 | Hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors and drug resistance mutations显示文摘Some direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus(HCV),such as telaprevir and boceprevir have been available since 2011.It was reported that HCV NS5A is associated with interferon signaling related to HCV replication and hepatocarcinogenesis.HCV NS5A inhibitors efficiently inhibited HCV replication in vitro.Human studies showed that dual,triple and quad regimens with HCV NS5A inhibitors,such as daclatasvir and ledipasvir,in combination with other direct-acting antiviral agents against other regions of HCV with or without peginterferon/ribavirin,could efficiently inhibit HCV replication according to HCV genotypes.These combinations might be a powerful tool for'difficult-to-treat'HCV-infected patients.'First generation'HCV NS5A inhibitors such as daclatasvir,ledipasvir and ABT-267,which are now in phaseⅢclinical trials,could result in resistance mutations.'Second generation'NS5A inhibitors such as GS-5816,ACH-3102,and MK-8742,have displayed improvements in the genetic barrier while maintaining potency.HCV NS5A inhibitors are safe at low concentrations,which make them attractive for use despite low genetic barriers,although,in fact,HCV NS5A inhibitors should be used with HCV NS3/4A inhibitors,HCV NS5B inhibitors or peginterferon plus ribavirin.This review article describes HCV NS5A inhibitor resistance mutations and recommends that HCV NS5A inhibitors be used in combination regimens potent enough to prevent the emergence of resistant variants. | Shingo Nakamoto Tatsuo Kanda Shuang Wu Hiroshi Shirasawa Osamu Yokosuka | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，11： | 12 |
| 7 | Endoscopic and radiographic features of gastrointestinal involvement in vasculitis显示文摘Vasculitis is an inflammation of vessel walls,followed by alteration of the blood flow and damage to the dependent organ.Vasculitis can cause local or diffuse pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The variety of GI lesions includes ulcer,submucosal edema,hemorrhage,paralytic ileus,mesenteric ischemia,bowel obstruction,and life-threatening perforation.The endoscopic and radiographic features of GI involvement in vasculitisare reviewed with the emphasis on small-vessel vasculitis by presenting our typicalcases,including Churg-Strauss syndrome,HenochSch nlein purpura,systemic lupus erythematosus,and Beh et's disease.Important endoscopic features are ischemic enterocolitis and ulcer.Characteristic computed tomographic findings include bowel wall thickening with the target sign and engorgement of mesenteric vessels with comb sign.Knowledge of endoscopic and radiographic GI manifestations can help make an early diagnosis and establish treatment strategy. | Akira Hokama Kazuto Kishimoto Yasushi Ihama Chiharu Kobashigawa Manabu Nakamoto Tetsuo Hirata Nagisa Kinjo Futoshi Higa Masao Tateyama Fukunori Kinjo Kunitoshi Iseki Seiya Kato Jiro Fujita | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，3： | 9 |
| 8 | 胃肠的淀粉样变性病的内视镜、组织病理学说的特征显示文摘 Amyloidosis is a rare disorder, characterized by the extracellular deposition of an abnormal fibrillar protein, which disrupts tissue structure and function. Amyloidosis can be acquired or hereditary, and systemic or localized to a single organ, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Clinical manifestations may vary from asymptomatic to fatal forms. Primary amyloidosis (monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains, AL) is the most common form of amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis has been associated with plasma cell dyscrasias, such as, mul- tiple myeloma. Secondary amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of fragments of the circulating acute-phase reactant, serum amyloid A protein (SAA). Common causes of AA amyloidosis are chronic inflammatory dis-orders. Although GI symptoms are usually nonspecific, histopathological patterns of amyloid deposition are associated with clinical and endoscopic features. Amyloid deposition in the muscularis mucosae, submucosa, and muscularis propria has been dominant in AL amyloidosis, leading to polypoid protrusions and thickening of the valvulae conniventes, whereas granular amyloid deposition mainly in the propria mucosae has been related to AA amyloidosis, resulting in the fine granular appearance, mucosal friability, and erosions. As a result, AL amyloidosis usually presents with constipation, mechanical obstruction, or chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction while AA amyloidosis presents with diarrhea and malabsorption Amyloidotic GI symptoms are mostly refractory and have a negative impact on quality of life and survival. Diagnosing GI amyloidosis requires high suspicion of evaluating endoscopists. Because of the absence of specific treatments for reducing the abundance of the amyloidogenic precursor protein, we should be aware of certain associations between patterns of amyloid deposition and clinical and endoscopic features. | Akira Hokama Kazuto Kishimoto Manabu Nakamoto Chiharu Kobashigawa Tetsuo Hirata Nagisa Kinjo Fukunori Kinjo Seiya Kato Jiro Fujita | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，3，8： | 6 |
| 9 | Regulation of microRNA by hepatitis B virus infection and their possible association with control of innate immunity显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)chronically infects more than350 million people worldwide.HBV causes acute and chronic hepatitis,and is one of the major causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.There exist complex interactions between HBV and the immune system including adaptive and innate immunity.Tolllike receptors(TLRs)and TLR-signaling pathways are important parts of the innate immune response in HBV infections.It is well known that TLR-ligands could suppress HBV replication and that TLRs play important roles in anti-viral defense.Previous immunological studies demonstrated that HBV e antigen(HBeAg)is more efficient at eliciting T-cell tolerance,including production of specific cytokines IL-2 and interferon gamma,than HBV core antigen.HBeAg downregulates cytokine production in hepatocytes by the inhibition of MAPK or NF-κB activation through the interaction with receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are also able to regulate various biological processes such as the innate immune response.When the expressions of approximately 1000 miRNAs were compared between human hepatoma cells HepG2 and HepG2.2.15,which could produce HBV virion that infects chimpanzees,using real-time RT-PCR,we observed several different expression levels in miRNAs related to TLRs.Although we and others have shown that HBV modulates the host immune response,several of the miRNAs seem to be involved in the TLR signaling pathways.The possibility that alteration of these miRNAs during HBV infection might play a critical role in innate immunity against HBV infection should be considered.This article is intended to comprehensively review the association between HBV and innate immunity,and to discuss the role of miRNAs in the innate immune response to HBV infection. | Xia Jiang Tatsuo Kanda Shuang Wu Masato Nakamura Tatsuo Miyamura Shingo Nakamoto Arup Banerjee Osamu Yokosuka | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 6 |
| 10 | Sofosbuvir treatment and hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a serious problem worldwide.The use of interferon-based therapy has made HCV eradication challenging.The recent appearance of direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs) has changed HCV therapy.Combining the use of DAAs with peginterferon and ribavirin has improved treatment efficacy.Furthermore,the combination of different orally administered DAAs has enabled interferon-free therapy with much higher efficacy and safety.In particular,sofosbuvir,a nucleotide-based NS5 B inhibitor,prevents HCV RNA synthesis by acting as a 'chain terminator'.Treatment with sofosbuvir has attained an extremely high rate of sustained virologic response.The current review summarizes the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir therapy. | Masato Nakamura Tatsuo Kanda Yuki Haga Reina Sasaki Shuang Wu Shingo Nakamoto Shin Yasui Makoto Arai Fumio Imazeki Osamu Yokosuka | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，3： | 4 |
| 11 | Endoscopic and histopathological study on the duodenum of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection显示文摘AIM:To investigate endoscopic and histopathological findings in the duodenum of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis(S.stercoralis)hyperinfection. METHODS:Over a period of 23 years(1984-2006),we investigated 25 patients withS.stercoralis hyperinfection who had had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy before undergoing treatment for strongyloidiasis.The clinical and endoscopic findings were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Twenty-four(96%)of the patients investigated were under immunocompromised condition which was mainly due to a human T lymphotropic virus type 1(HTLV-1)infection.The abnormal endoscopic findings,mainly edematous mucosa,white villi and erythematous mucosa,were observed in 23(92%) patients.The degree of duodenitis including villous atrophy/destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded to the severity of the endoscopic findings. The histopathologic yield for identifying larvae was 71.4% by duodenal biopsy.The endoscopic findings of duodenitis were more severe in patients whose biopsies were positive for larvae than those whose biopsies were negative(Endoscopic severity score:4.86±2.47vs 2.71 ±1.38,P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Our study clearly demonstrates that,in addition to stool analysis,endoscopic observation and biopsies are very important.We also emphasize that S.stercoralis and HTLV-1 infections should be ruled out before immunosuppressive therapy is administered in endemic regions. | Kazuto Kishimoto Akira Hokama Tetsuo Hirata Yasushi Ihama Manabu Nakamoto Nagisa Kinjo Fukunori Kinjo Jiro Fujita | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 4 |
| 12 | Epstein–Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with ulcerative colitis during treatment with azathioprine: A case report and review of literature显示文摘A 19-year-old female was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis when she presented with persistent melena, and has been treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid for 4 years,with additional azathioprine for 2 years at our hospital.The patient experienced high-grade fevers, chills, and cough five d prior to presenting to the outpatient unit.At first, the patient was suspected to have developed neutropenic fever; however, she was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome(EB-VAHS) upon fulfilling the diagnostic criteria after bone marrow aspiration. When patients withinflammatory bowel disease treated with immunomodulators, such as thiopurine preparations, develop fever, EB-VAHS should be considered in the differential diagnosis. | Kazuya Miyaguchi Minoru Yamaoka Yoshikazu Tsuzuki Keigo Ashitani Hideki Ohgo Yoshitaka Miyagawa Keisuke Ishizawa Hidekazu Kayano Hidetomo Nakamoto Hiroyuki Imaeda | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，14： | 3 |
| 13 | Hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor-resistance mutations: Our experience and review显示文摘Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)for hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are one of the major advances in its medical treatment.The HCV protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were the first approved DAAs in the United States,Europe,and Japan.When combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin,these agents increase sustained virologic response rates to70%-80%in treatment-na?ve patients and previoustreatment relapsers with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.Without peginterferon plus ribavirin,DAA monotherapies increased DAA-resistance mutations.Several new DAAs for HCV are now in clinical development and are likely to be approved in the near future.However,it has been reported that the use of these drugs also led to the emergence of DAA-resistance mutations in certain cases.Furthermore,these mutations exhibit cross-resistance to multiple drugs.The prevalence of DAA-resistance mutations in HCV-infected patients who were not treated with DAAs is unknown,and it is as yet uncertain whether such variants are sensitive to DAAs.We performed a population sequence analysis to assess the frequency of such variants in the sera of HCV genotype 1-infected patients not treated with HCV protease inhibitors.Here,we reviewed the literature on resistance variants of HCV protease inhibitors in treatment na?ve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1,as well as our experience. | Shuang Wu Tatsuo Kanda Shingo Nakamoto Fumio Imazeki Osamu Yokosuka | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，47： | 3 |
| 14 | Efficacy of non-invasive elastometry on staging of hepatic fibrosis显示文摘 | Hidetsugu Saito Shinichiro Tada Nobuhiro Nakamoto Kumi Kitamura Hitomi Horikawa Satoshi Kurita Yoshimasa Saito Hirokata Iwai Hiromasa Ishii | 2004 | Hepatology Research2004，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Is the use of IL28B genotype justified in the era of interferon-free treatments for hepatitis C?显示文摘In 2009, several groups reported that interleukin-28B(IL28B) genotypes are associated with the response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in a genome-wide association study, although the mechanism of this association is not yet well understood. However, in recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of HCV infection. In Japan, some patients infected with HCV have the IL28 B major genotype, which may indicate a favorable response to interferon-including regimens; however, certain patients within this group are also interferon-intolerant or ineligible. In Japan, interferonfree 24-wk regimens of asunaprevir and daclatasvir are now available for HCV genotype 1b-infected patients who are interferon-intolerant or ineligible or previous treatment null-responders. The treatment response to interferon-free regimens appears better, regardless of IL28 B genotype. Maybe other interferon-free regimens will widely be available soon. In conclusion, although some HCV-infected individuals have IL28 B favorable alleles, importance of IL28 B will be reduced with availability of oral interferon free regimen. | Tatsuo Kanda Shingo Nakamoto Osamu Yokosuka | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Comparative effects of dietary fat types on hepatic enzyme activities related to the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acid and to lipogenesis in rats 显示文摘 | Takeuchi H Nakamoto T Mori Y | 2001 | Biosci Biotechnol Biochem2001，65，8： | 2 |
| 17 | Nuclear receptor mRNA expression by HBV in human hepatoblastoma cell lines显示文摘 | Shuang Wu Tatsuo Kanda Fumio Imazeki Shingo Nakamoto Hiroshi Shirasawa Osamu Yokosuka | 2011 | Cancer Letters2011，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | 在有固执地正常的丙氨酸 aminotransferase 的丙肝病毒病人的 IL-28B 多型性和治疗反应显示文摘 AIM:To examine the association between the interleukin 28B(IL-28B)genotype and treatment response in hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase(PNALT).METHODS:We compared the treatment response of HCV-infected patients with PNALT to that of patients with non-PNALT.Between February 2010 and April2013,278 patients infected with HCV were enrolled in this study.All of the patients were treated with peginterferon-alpha 2a or 2b plus ribavirin.In addition,180μg of peginterferon alpha-2a or 1.5μg/kg peginterferon alpha-2b per week plus weight-based ribavirin(600-1000 mg/d)were typically administered for 24 wk to HCV genotype 2-infected patients or for 48-72 wk to HCV genotype 1-infected patients.In all of the patients,the IL-28B rs8099917 genotype was determined using a TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism assay.HCV RNA was measured using the COBAS TaqMan HCV test.RESULTS:Female patients were dominant in the PNALT group(P<0.0001).Among 72 HCV genotype 1-infected patients with PNALT,the early virologic response(EVR)rates(P<0.01)and the sustained virologic response(SVR)rates(P<0.01)were higher in patients with the IL-28B TT genotype than in those with the IL-28B TG/GG genotype.In HCV genotype 1-infected patients with PNALT,multivariate logistic-regression analysis showed that SVR was independently predicted by the IL-28B rs8099917 TT type(P<0.05)and having an EVR(P<0.01).The IL-28B rs8099917 TT genotype strongly correlated with treatment response in HCV genotype 1-infected Asian patients with PNALT.CONCLUSION:The IL-28B genotype may be useful for selecting HCV genotype 1-infected patients with PNALT who should receive interferon-based treatment. | Tatsuo Miyamura Tatsuo Kanda Masato Nakamura Xia Jiang Shuang Wu Shingo Nakamoto Shigeru Mikami Nobuo Takada Fumio Imazeki Osamu Yokosuka | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，11： | 2 |
| 19 | Detection of active bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia by capsule endoscopy显示文摘Gastric antral vascular ectasia(GAVE) has been recognized as one of the important causes of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.The diagnosis is typically made based on the characteristic endoscopic features,including longitudinal row of flat,reddish stripes radiating from the pylorus into the antrum that resemble the stripes on a watermelon.These appearances,however,can easily be misinterpreted as moderate to severe gastritis.Although it is believed that capsule endoscopy(CE) is not helpful for the study of the stomach with its large lumen,GAVE can be more likely to be detected at CE rather than conventional endoscopy.CE can be regarded as 'physiologic' endoscopy,without the need for gastric inflation and subsequent compression of the vasculature.The blood flow of the ecstatic vessels may be diminished in an inflated stomach.Therefore,GAVE may be prominent in CE.We herein describe a case of active bleeding from GAVE detected by CE and would like to emphasize a possibility that CE can improve diagnostic yields for GAVE. | Tetsuya Ohira Akira Hokama Nagisa Kinjo Manabu Nakamoto Chiharu Kobashigawa Yuya Kise Satoshi Yamashiro Fukunori Kinjo Yukio Kuniyoshi Jiro Fujita | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Effect of soil water content on the gravitropic behavior of nodal roots in maize显示文摘 | Nakamoto T | 1993 | Plant and Soil1993，152，2： | 1 |
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