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| 1 | Hepatitis B virus therapy:What's the future holding for us?显示文摘Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle. | Sobia Manzoor Muhammad Saalim Muhammad Imran Saleha Resham Javed Ashraf | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，44： | 9 |
| 2 | Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)显示文摘Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment.In the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth attributes.Three different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield parameters were recorded at crop maturity.The result showed that germination,root,and shoot lengths were decreased with increase in Cr concentrations.A gradual decrease was observed for various morphological parameters like root fresh and dry weights,shoot fresh and dry weights,and plant height with increase in Cr levels.A comparison among Cr treatments obtained a significant decrease in yield parameters as achenes/capitulum,achenes/plant,and 100 achenes weight in three varieties.Cr was significantly absorbed by roots but its transport to other parts of plants was slow,and uptake in seeds was much lower than in roots and shoots. | FOZIA Andaleeb MUHAMMAD Anjum Zia MUHAMMAD Ashraf ZAFAR Mahmood Khalid | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，12： | 9 |
| 3 | Seed Treatment with Auxins Modulates Growth and Ion Partitioning in Salt-stressed Wheat Plants显示文摘实验被执行决定有植物生长素(吲哚醋酸( IAA ),吲哚基丁酸( IBA ),或他们的先锋 tryptophane ( Trp ))的不同集中( 100,150 ,和 200 mg/L )的种子 priming 是否能在水杨酸和离子集中改变咸度 inducedperturbances 并且,因此,在小麦( Triticum aestivum L.)的生长栽培变种, namelyM.H.-97 (盐偏狭)并且 lnqlab-91 (盐容忍)。告知并且非告知的种子在一个生长房间里,以及在与 15 dS/m NaCI 咸度对待的一块地里在 Petridishes 被播种。除了 IBA,所有 priming 代理人在两栽培变种增加了最后的发芽率。当时,栽培变种从对待 Trp 的种子提起了的任何一个的幼苗有更大的干燥生物资源在盐应力下面。内场实验, Trp priming 在调停是更有效的不管栽培变种,谷物产量的增加在盐下面强调。Trp 的 alleviatory 效果被发现在根和随后的 translocation 与 Na^+ 的减少的举起被联系到射击,以及增加了在强调 ofsalt 的小麦种的根 Ca^(2+) 划分。当时,从对待 Trp 、对待 lAA 的种子提起的两栽培变种的植物在他们的叶子积累了免费水杨酸在盐应力下面。总的来说,当时,在小麦植物的萌芽和 thesubsequentgrowth 的 Trp 整洁导致改进能与离子动态平衡有关在盐应力下面。在在盐的条件下面的更好的生长强调的 Trp 整洁导致的水杨酸的 Thepossible 参与被讨论。 | Muhammad lqbal Muhammad Ashraf | 2007 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2007，49，7： | 8 |
| 4 | Marjolin's ulcers in the post-burned lesions and scars显示文摘Marjolin's ulcer(MU) represents malignant degeneration that typically ensues over a period of time in the post-burned lesions and scars or any other chronic wound. This review highlights various facets of the presentation and management of MUs that originate from post-burned lesions. The incidence of MUs in such lesions is reported to be 0.77%-2%. This malignancy characteristically develops in the areas of full thickness skin burns that had been allowed for weeks to months to heal spontaneously by secondary intention, or burn wounds which never healed completely over years and the unstable post-burned scars. In the majority of cases, the MU is a squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). The MUs contribute to an overall 2% of all SCCs and 0.03% of all basal cell carcinomas of the skin. Clinically MUs present in two major morphologic forms. The commoner form is the flat, indurated, ulcerative variety while the less common form is the exophytic papillary variety. Lower limbs represent the most frequently affected body parts. Surgical resection of the primary tumor with 2-4 cm horizontal clearance margin, nodal clearance and radiotherapy constitute the cornerstones of effective oncologic management. Despite best efforts, the overall mortality is reported to be 21%. | Muhammad Saaiq Bushra Ashraf | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，10： | 5 |
| 5 | Molecular study of HCV detection,genotypes and their routes of transmission in North West Frontier Province,Pakistan显示文摘Objective:To determine hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes and explore the associated risk factors in chronic HCY patients.Methods:A total of 116 patients with chronic hepatitis C were subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) based detection out of which 112 chronic HCV patients[53 male(47.32%),59 female(52.68%);mean age(43.76±16.40) years;mean BMI(23.8± 3.9)kg]were enrolled in this study.The frequency of 6 HCV genotypes and associated risk factors were evaluated from five districts of North West Frontier Province(NWFP).Results:Genotype 3was the most prevalent in 73 samples(65.17%) followed by genotype 1 in 24(21.42%) and genotype2 in 13(11.60%) samples.Genotype3 had significantly high prevalence(P=0.0002).The results showed that 48(42.85%) samples were infected with HCV 3a:25(22.32%) with 3b;14(12.50%) with 1a;10(8.92%)with 1b;11(9.82%) with 2a;2(1.78%) with 2b;and 2 were untypable.The distribution of HCV genotypes in Murdan.Charsadda,Peshawar.Sawabi and Nowshehra districts was different.Use of unsterile equipment lor medication,barbers and previous history of hospitalization were the main risk factors for HCV transmission.Conclusions:Cenotype 3a and 3b.1a.1b and 2a are the common genotypes in NWFP.Genotype 4.5.and 6 can not be found in a single sample.The level of awareness about various modes ot transmission of HCV among the population is found to be verv low. | Asher Zaman Safi Yasir Waheed Joharia Sadat Solat-Ul-Islam Sadia Salahuddin Umar Saeed Muhammad Ashraf | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，7： | 5 |
| 6 | Snowmelt runoff prediction under changing climate in the Himalayan cryosphere: A case of Gilgit River Basin显示文摘There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier melt runoff to manage future water resource of Upper Indus Basin(UIB). The snowmelt runoff model(SRM) coupled with MODIS remote sensing data was employed in this study to predict daily discharges of Gilgit River in the Karakoram Range. The SRM was calibrated successfully and then simulation was made over four years i.e. 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 achieving coefficient of model efficiency of 0.96, 0.86, 0.9 and 0.94 respectively. The scenarios of precipitation and mean temperature developed from regional climate model PRECIS were used in SRM model to predict future flows of Gilgit River. The increase of 3 C in mean annual temperature by the end of 21 th century may result in increase of 35-40% in Gilgit River flows. The expected increase in the surface runoff from the snow and glacier melt demands better water conservation and management for irrigation and hydel-power generation in the Indus basin in future. | Muhammad Adnan Ghulam Nabi Muhammad Saleem Poomee Arshad Ashraf | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，5： | 4 |
| 7 | Assessment of Left Ventricular Radial Deformation by Speckle Tracking Imaging显示文摘The left ventricular radial strain in the inner and outer layers was evaluated by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2DS).Twenty-five piglets were studied.The short axis views were acquired.Peak systolic radial strain was measured from 6 circumferential points related to 6 standard segments in the inner and outer layers respectively using 2DS methods.The peak positive first derivative(dp/dt) of left ventricular pressure was compared to the radial strain from 2DS.The inner band showed higher peak radial strain values as compared to the outer band at all of the segments(P<0.0001),but the differences had significance just in anteroseptal,posterior,inferior and septal segments(P<0.05).Good correlation could be found between radial strain of inner and outer layers and peak dp/dt(P<0.001).These preliminary results showed that the degree of local deformation or wall thickening of the ventricular wall in its inner layer was more obvious than its outer layer.It is suggested that the 2DS technique is useful and sensitive for better understanding the regional and global myocar-dial motion and its relationship to the complex architecture of myocardium. | 潘敏 罗浩 Ashraf Muhammad Schultheis Judy 李小葵 David J. Sahn | 2009 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2009，29，5： | 4 |
| 8 | Presowing Seed Treatment with Cytokinins and Its Effect on Growth, Photosynthetic Rate, Ionic Levels and Yield of Two Wheat Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance显示文摘The effects of presowing seed treatment with different concentrations of cytokinins (kinetin and benzylaminopurine; 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) on growth, photosynthetic capacity, and ion homeostasis were investigated in two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely MH-97 (salt sensitive) and Inqlab91 (salt tolerant). Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in a field in which NaCl salinity of 15 dS/m was developed. Of the different concentrations of priming agents tested, the effect of a moderate concentration of kinetin (150 mg/L) was very pronounced, particularly in improving growth and grain yield, in both cultivars. In addition, priming with kinetin alleviated the adverse effect of salt stress on gaseous exchange characteristics (net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency) in both cultivars. Seed priming with a moderate concentration of kinetin also altered the pattern of accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in the shoots,irrespective of the wheat cultivar, under conditions of salt stress. However, all other priming agents at the different concentrations tested did not show any consistent effect on ion levels, except hydropriming,which increased K+ levels in the shoots of both cultivars under salt stress. In conclusion, a moderate concentration of kinetin showed a consistent effect in altering the growth and grain yield of both wheat cultivars, which was related to the beneficial effects of kinetin priming on water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate under conditions of salt stress. | Muhammad IQBAL Muhammad ASHRAF | 2005 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2005，47，11： | 4 |
| 9 | Numerical investigations of asymmetric flow of a micropolar fluid between two porous disks显示文摘Numerical solution is presented for the two-dimensionalflow of a micropolar fluid between two porouscoaxial disks of different permeability for a range of Reynoldsnumber Re (—300 ≤Re < 0) and permeability parameterA (1.0 ≤ A≤2.0). The main flow is superimposed bythe injection at the surfaces of the two disks. Von Karman'ssimilarity transformations are used to reduce the governingequations of motion to a set of non-linear coupled ordinarydifferential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form. Analgorithm based on the finite difference method is employedto solve these ODEs and Richardson's extrapolation is usedto obtain higher order accuracy. The results indicate that theparameters Re and A have a strong influence on the velocityand microrotation profiles, shear stresses at the disks and theposition of the viscous/shear layer. The micropolar materialconstants c1, c2, c3 have profound effect on microrotationas compared to their effect on streamwise and axial velocityprofiles. The results of micropolar fluids are compared withthe results for Newtonian fluids. | Muhammad Ashraf M.Anwar Kamal K.S.Syed | 2009 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2009，25，6： | 4 |
| 10 | A Hybrid Quantum Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization and Least Square Framework for Real-time Harmonic Estimation显示文摘The power quality is becoming an extensively addressing aspect of the power system because of the sensitive operation of the smart grid, awareness of power quality, and the equipment of modern power systems. In this paper, we have conceived a new hybrid Quantum inspired particle swarm optimization and least square(QPSO-LS) framework for real-time estimation of harmonics presented in time-varying noisy power signals. The technique has strong, robust, and reliable search capability with powerful convergence properties. The proposed approach is applied to various test systems at different signal to noise ratio(SNR) levels in the presence of uniform and Gaussian noise. The results are presented in terms of precision, computation time, and convergence characteristics. The computation time decreases by 3-5 times as compared to the existing algorithms. The technique is further authenticated by estimating harmonics of real-time current or voltage waveforms, obtained from light emitting diode(LED) lamp and axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator(AFPMSG). The results demonstrate the superiority of QPSO-LS over other methods such as LS-based genetic algorithm(GA), particle swarm optimization(PSO), bacterial foraging optimization(BFO), artificial bee colony(ABC), and biogeography based optimization with recursive LS(BBO-RLS) algorithms, in terms of providing satisfactory solutions with a significant amount of robustness and computation efficiency. | Abu Bakar Waqas Muhammad Mansoor Ashraf Yasir Saifullah | 2021 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2021，9，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Phyto-Toxicity of Chromium in Maize: Oxidative Damage, Osmolyte Accumulation, Anti-Oxidative Defense and Chromium Uptake显示文摘Agricultural production systems are immensely exposed to different environmental stresses in which heavy metal stress receives serious concerns. This study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of different chromium(Cr) stress levels, i.e., 0, 30, 6090, 120, and 150 μmol L-1, on two maize genotypes, Wandan 13 and Runnong 35. Both genotypes were evaluated by measuring their growth and yield characteristics, Cr accumulation in different plant tissues, alterations in osmolyte accumulation, generation o reactive oxygen species(ROS), and anti-oxidative enzyme activity to scavenge ROS. The results showed that Cr stress decreased the leaf area, cob formation, 100-grain weight, shoot fresh biomass, and yield formation, while Cr accumulation in different maize tissues was found in the order of roots > leaves > stem > seeds in both genotypes. The increased Cr toxicity resulted in higher free proline soluble sugars and total phenolic contents, and lower soluble protein contents. However, enhanced lipid peroxidation was noticed in the forms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. The hyperactivity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, especially glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase indicated that these anti-oxidative enzymes had a central role in protecting maize from Cr toxicity, especially for Wandan 13. Moreover, higher uptake and less translocation of Cr contents into the grains of Wandan 13 implied its importance as a potential candidate against soil Cr pollution. | Shakeel Ahmad ANJUM Umair ASHRAF Imran KHAN Mohsin TANVEER Muhammad SHAHID Abdul SHAKOOR WANG Longchang | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，2： | 3 |
| 12 | Location-allocation modeling for emergency evacuation planning with GIS and remote sensing:A case study of Northeast Bangladesh显示文摘This work developed models to identify optimal spatial distribution of emergency evacuation centers(EECs)such as schools,colleges,hospitals,and fire stations to improve flood emergency planning in the Sylhet region of northeastern Bangladesh.The use of location-allocation models(LAMs)for evacuation in regard to flood victims is essential to minimize disaster risk.In the first step,flood susceptibility maps were developed using machine learning models(MLMs),including:Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation(LM-BP)neural network and decision trees(DT)and multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method.Performance of the MLMs and MCDM techniques were assessed considering the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curve.Mathematical approaches in a geographic information system(GIS)for four well-known LAM problems affecting emergency rescue time are proposed:maximal covering location problem(MCLP),the maximize attendance(MA),p-median problem(PMP),and the location set covering problem(LSCP).The results showed that existing EECs were not optimally distributed,and that some areas were not adequately served by EECs(i.e.,not all demand points could be reached within a 60-min travel time).We concluded that the proposed models can be used to improve planning of the distribution of EECs,and that application of the models could contribute to reducing human casualties,property losses,and improve emergency operation. | Mahfuzur Rahman Ningsheng Chen MdMonirul Islam Ashraf Dewan Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Rana Muhammad AliWashakh Nirdesh Nepal Shufeng Tian Hamid Faiz Mehtab Alam Naveed Ahmed | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin—In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides显示文摘Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan(EN) and Lambda-cyhalothrin(LC); individually and in combination. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains(TA98, TA100) were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant(p < 0.05) increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity. | Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatima Msbah Afzal | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，7： | 3 |
| 14 | Flooding and its relationship with land cover change, population growth, and road density显示文摘Bangladesh experiences frequent hydro-climatic disasters such as flooding.These disasters are believed to be associated with land use changes and climate variability.However,identifying the factors that lead to flooding is challenging.This study mapped flood susceptibility in the northeast region of Bangladesh using Bayesian regularization back propagation(BRBP)neural network,classification and regression trees(CART),a statistical model(STM)using the evidence belief function(EBF),and their ensemble models(EMs)for three time periods(2000,2014,and 2017).The accuracy of machine learning algorithms(MLAs),STM,and EMs were assessed by considering the area under the curve—receiver operating characteristic(AUC-ROC).Evaluation of the accuracy levels of the aforementioned algorithms revealed that EM4(BRBP-CART-EBF)outperformed(AUC>90%)standalone and other ensemble models for the three time periods analyzed.Furthermore,this study investigated the relationships among land cover change(LCC),population growth(PG),road density(RD),and relative change of flooding(RCF)areas for the period between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that areas with very high susceptibility to flooding increased by 19.72%between 2000 and 2017,while the PG rate increased by 51.68%over the same period.The Pearson correlation coefficient for RCF and RD was calculated to be 0.496.These findings highlight the significant association between floods and causative factors.The study findings could be valuable to policymakers and resource managers as they can lead to improvements in flood management and reduction in flood damage and risks. | Mahfuzur Rahman Chen Ningsheng Golam Iftekhar Mahmud Md Monirul Islam Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Hilal Ahmad Jules Maurice Habumugisha Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh Mehtab Alam Enlong Liu Zheng Han Huayong Ni Tian Shufeng Ashraf Dewan | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，6： | 3 |
| 15 | 层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)的合成及应用(英文)显示文摘Layered double hydroxides, a class of anionic clays possessing sandwich like structure in which negative anions are sandwiched into positively charged metal layers in a repeating manner, have been studied extensively. Layered double hydroxides could be fabricated with combination of different divalent(Cd^(2+), Mn^(2+), Fe^(2+), Pb^(2+)) and trivalent(Al^(3+), Cr^(3+), Fe^(3+)) metals and layered arrangement imparts unique properties such as adsorption properties and catalytic properties in these compounds. Exciting feature of these compounds is the memory effect. There are a number of methods to synthesize these layered compounds, such as co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, urea hydrolysis,?etc. The synthesized LDHs can be characterized morphologically and compositionally i.e. scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, XPS, etc. The wonderful feature of layered double hydroxides is the pliancy of interlayer space enabling them to accommodate various anionic species, and high surface area making them efficient in numerous applications such as adsorbents, anion exchange, catalysts, and biological compatible. | Saba Jamil Afaaf Rahat Alvi Shanza Rauf Khan Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua | 2019 | 化学进展2019，31，2： | 3 |
| 16 | Non-hypoxic stabilization of HIF-Iα during coordinated interaction between Akt and angiopoietin-1 enhances endothelial commitment of bone marrow stem cells显示文摘 | Vien Lai Muhammad Afzal Muhammad Ashraf Shujia Jiang Husnain Haider | 2012 | Journal of Molecular Medicine2012，，6： | 2 |
| 17 | Does Seed Priming Induce Changes in the Levels of Some Endogenous Plant Hormones in Hexaploid Wheat Plants Under Salt Stress?显示文摘为了估计是否腌忍耐,能在春小麦( Triticum aestivum L.)被改进,现在的学习被浸泡二栽培变种的种子执行,也就是 MH-97 (盐敏感)并且 Inqlab-91 (盐容忍)为提取的水或 100mol/m3 CaCl2 里的 12 h , KCl ,或 NaCl 。从每个处理组的告知的种子和非告知的种子在 15 dS/m 的 NaCl 咸度在被开发的一块地里被播种。有 CaCl2 的种子的 Priming,与 KCl 和 NaCl 由 priming 列在后面,被发现在以射击在两小麦栽培变种上减轻盐应力的不利效果有效新鲜、干燥的重量和谷物产量。Priming withCaCl2 在两栽培变种的植物在神经质的平衡上减轻了盐应力的不利效果。在 MH-97 植物, CaCl2 预告的处理更加减少了集中和增加的叶释放的叶 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 在两个盐的 andnon 盐的条件下面的水杨酸(SA ) 集中。在 Inqlab-91 植物,相反, CaCl2 增加了免费吲哚醋酸(IAA ) 和吲哚基丁酸(IBA ) 内容。然而,有 CaCl2 的种子的 priming 没在任何一个栽培变种改变 freepolyamine 层次,尽管亚精胺层次在从在盐的条件下面为两栽培变种与 CaCl2 对待的种子提起的植物是更加更低的。有在 Inqlab-91 植物,然而并非在 MH-97 的 KClincreased 生长的 Priming 种,在盐的条件下面。咸度在植物生长素(IAA 和 IBA ) 导致了减小被 NaCl priming 在盐的条件下面在两栽培变种减轻。然而, NaCl 增加了在 Inqlab-91 的免费骆驼毛的织物内容和降低的叶 SA 和 putrescinelevels 在盐的条件下面种的叶。在结论,尽管所有三个 priming 代理人(即 CaCl2, KCl,和 NaCl ) 在在小麦植物上减轻盐应力的不利效果是有效的,他们改变不同植物激素的层次上的效果在二栽培变种是不同的…… | Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Ashraf Amer Jamil Shafiq-ur-Rehman | 2006 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2006，48，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Exploring the potential of Sentinel-2A satellite data for aboveground biomass estimation in fragmented Himalayan subtropical pine forest显示文摘The Sentinel-2 A satellite having embedded advantage of red edge spectral bands offers multispectral imageries with improved spatial,spectral and temporal resolutions as compared to the other contemporary satellites providing medium resolution data.Our study was aimed at exploring the potential of Sentinel-2 A imagery to estimate Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of Subtropical Pine Forest in Pakistan administered Kashmir.We developed an AGB predictive model using field inventory and Sentinel 2 A based spectral and textural parameters along with topographic features derived from ALOS Digital Elevation Model(DEM).Field inventory data was collected from 108 randomly distributed plots(0.1 ha each) across the study area.The stepwise linear regression method was employed to investigate the potential relationship between field data and corresponding satellite data.Biomass and carbon mapping of the study area was carried out through established AGB estimation model with R(o.86),R2(0.74),adjusted R2(0.72) and RMSE value of 33 t/ha.Our results showed that first order textures(mean,standard deviation and variance) significantly contributed in AGB predictive modeling while only one spectral band ratio made contribution from spectral domain.Our study leads to the conclusion that Sentinel-2 A optical data is a potential source for AGB estimation in subtropical pine forest of the area of interest with added benefit of its free of cost availability,higher quality data and long-term continuity that can be utilized for biomass carbon distribution mapping in the resource constraint study area for sustainable forest management. | Mobushir Riaz KHANI Iftikhar Ahmad KHAN Muhammad Hasan Ali BAIG LIU Zheng-jia Muhammad Irfan ASHRAF | 2020 | Journal of Mountain Science2020，17，12： | 2 |
| 19 | Perspectives of Using L-Tryptophan for Improving Productivity of Agricultural Crops: A Review显示文摘Plant growth regulators are biologically active signaling molecules that regulate a number of plant physiological processes. Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid) is an important plant growth regulator and is synthesized within plant tissues through L-tryptophan(L-TRP)-dependent and-independent pathways. It has been found that plants respond to exogenously applied L-TRP due to insufficient endogenous auxin biosynthesis. The exogenous application of L-TRP is highly significant for normal plant growth and development.L-tryptophan is applied through foliar spray, seed priming, and soil application. Soil-applied L-TRP is either directly taken up by plants or metabolized to auxin by soil microbiota and then absorbed by plant roots. Similarly, foliar spray and seed priming with L-TRP stimulates auxin synthesis within plants and improves the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Furthermore, L-TRP contains approximately 14% nitrogen(N) in its composition, which is released upon its metabolism within a plant or in the rhizosphere and plays a role in enhancing crop productivity. This review deals with assessing crop responses under the exogenous application of L-TRP in normal and stressed environments, mode of action of L-TRP, advantages of using L-TRP over other auxin precursors, and role of the simultaneous use of L-TRP and auxin-producing microbes in improving the productivity of agricultural crops. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting the importance of the use of L-TRP in agriculture. | Ayesha MUSTAFA Muhammad IMRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Khalid MAHMOOD | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment for drinking and agricultural purposes in District Jacobabad,Lower Indus Plain,Pakistan显示文摘Undeniably water is of utmost importance while considering basic necessities.This investigation emphasized on the hydrochemical evaluation and drinking water quality assessment in District Jacobabad located in lower Indus plain,Pakistan.Certainly world's largest irrigation system emerged from Indus Basin,which is underlain by well transmissive aquifer resulting in higher water table.Water supply schemes with their water sources from ground water and surface water provide piped water for drinking purpose to the community.Water samples were collected from all the forty eight supply schemes of which thirty two were found nonfunctional.Analytical parameters were compared with World Health Organization(WHO)and Pakistan Water Quality Standards but adversely substantial samples were found nonpotable.Alkalinity,bicarbonate and nitrate met the standard safe limits while values for EC,TDS,hardness,cations and anions exceeded the limits in numerous samples.SPSS and ArcGIS softwares were used for statistical analysis and spatial distribution of parameters.Hydrochemical facies were developed and suitability assessment of water resources was examined for agricultural use.The ground water type was classified as Na-HCO3 type with high salinity and it required treatment prior to irrigation.The proposed research exhibited the probable drinking water contamination sources and it demanded instant actions to further protect the valuable drinking water resources in District Jacobabad. | Asfandyar Shahab Shihua Qi Muhammad Zaheer Audil Rashid Muhammad Afnan Talib Umer Ashraf | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，2： | 2 |
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