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| 1 | Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants显示文摘The study on biochar derived from plant biomass for environmental applications is attracting more and more attention. Twelve sets of biochar were obtained by treating four phytoremediation plants, Salix rosthornii Seemen, Thalia dealbata, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Phragmites sp., sequentially through pyrolysis at 500 °C in a N2 environment, and under different temperatures(500, 600, and 700 °C) in a CO2 environment. The cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of biochar varied with both plant species and pyrolysis temperature. The magnesium(Mg) content of biochar derived from T. dealbata(TC) was obviously higher than that of the other plant biochars. This biochar also had the highest sorption capacity for phosphate and ammonium. In terms of biomass yields, adsorption capacity, and energy cost, T. dealbata biochar produced at 600 °C(TC600) is the most promising sorbent for removing contaminants(N and P) from aqueous solution. Therefore, T. dealbata appears to be the best candidate for phytoremediation application as its biomass can make a good biochar for environmental cleaning. | Zheng ZENG Song-da ZHANG Ting-qiang LI Feng-liang ZHAO Zhen-li HE He-ping ZHAO Xiao-e YANG Hai-long WANG Jing ZHAO Muhammad Tariq RAFIQ | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，12： | 17 |
| 2 | 珍珠岩对蚯蚓同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的研究显示文摘本研究利用太平二号蚯蚓构建生物反应器,以污水处理厂脱水污泥和粉绿狐尾藻作为研究对象,探究添加不同比例的珍珠岩对蚯蚓动物反应器处理混合物的减量化、无害化和资源化效果.结果表明,添加珍珠岩能够显著提高蚯蚓动物反应器同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的效率,经反应器处理后,混合物减量化效果明显,处理后产物的pH、有机质、碱解氮和重金属含量(Cu、Pb、Cr)均表现为明显下降,电导率(EC)和速效磷显著上升.经反应器处理后,产物品质符合在pH>6.5的中性和碱性土壤上的施用标准.结果显示,当珍珠岩添加比例为4%时,对动物反应器的实用性和经济性效果最佳. | 丁哲利 朱骏杰 赵和平 叶子期 曾峥 吴呈显 Muhammad Tariq Rafiq 杨肖娥 | 2014 | 环境科学学报2014，34，5： | 4 |
| 3 | A Reliable Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Typhoid Fever Incorporating With Protection Against Infection显示文摘In this paper,a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been considered.We have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever model.It has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever model.The effect of threshold number T*hold in stochastic typhoid fever model.The proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)preserves all dynamical properties like positivity,bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens,R.E.The stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Rabia Fayyaz Mehvish Naz Umer Javed | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，6： | 3 |
| 4 | A Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Computer Virus Model with Vertical Transmission Over the Internet显示文摘We are presenting the numerical analysis for stochastic SLBR model of computer virus over the internet in this manuscript.We are going to present the results of stochastic and deterministic computer virus model.Outcomes of the threshold number C∗hold in stochastic computer virus model.If C∗<1 then in such a condition virus controlled in the computer population while C∗>1 shows virus spread in the computer population.Unfortunately,stochastic numerical techniques fail to cope with large step sizes of time.The suggested structure of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)maintains all diverse characteristics such as dynamical consistency,bounded-ness and positivity as well-defined by Mickens.On this basis,we can suggest a collection of plans for eradicating viruses spreading across the internet effectively. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Wasfi Shatanawi Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，9： | 2 |
| 5 | Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Impact of Heavy Alcohol Consumption on Transmission Dynamics of Gonorrhoea Epidemic显示文摘This paper aims to perform a comparison of deterministic and stochastic models.The stochastic modelling is a more realistic way to study the dynamics of gonorrhoea infection as compared to its corresponding deterministic model.Also,the deterministic solution is itself mean of the stochastic solution of the model.For numerical analysis,first,we developed some explicit stochastic methods,but unfortunately,they do not remain consistent in certain situations.Then we proposed an implicitly driven explicit method for stochastic heavy alcohol epidemic model.The proposed method is independent of the choice of parameters and behaves well in all scenarios.So,some theorems and simulations are presented in support of the article. | Kamaleldin Abodayeh Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Mohsin | 2020 | Computers, Materials & Continua2020，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Does compensating wage differentials exist in the formal sector in Pakistan? 显示文摘 | Muhammad Rafiq Mir Kalan Shah | 2012 | Sarhad Journal of Agriculture2012，28，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of flats speed on cotton carding显示文摘 | NAWAZ Sh Muhammad SHAHBAZ Babar RAFIQ Muhammad | 1998 | Pakistan Textile Journal1998，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Cadmium phytoavailability to rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety显示文摘 | Muhammad T. Rafiq Rukhsanda Aziz Tingqiang Li Wendan Xiao Muhammad K. Rafiq Basharat Ali Xiaoe Yang | 2013 | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety2013，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Color information security system using Arnold transform and double structured phase encoding in gyrator transform domain显示文摘 | Muhammad Rafiq Abuturab | 2013 | Optics and Laser Technology2013，，： | 1 |
| 10 | A second order sliding mode control design of a switched reluctance motor using super twisting algorithm显示文摘 | Muhammad Rafiq Saeed-ur Rehman Fazal-ur Rehman | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Sorption and degradation of imidacloprid and clothianidin in Chinese paddy soil and red soil amended with biochars显示文摘Application of biochar technology in the remediation of organic contaminated soils has drawn growing interest in recent years.In this study,sorption and degradation of two typical neonicotinoid insecticides,imidacloprid(IMI)and clothianidin(CLO)in Chinese typical paddy soil and red soil amended with six kinds of biochars were investigated.The results showed that surface area(SA),pH,total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)of the two soils all increased after biochar amendment,while H/C decreased.With biochar pyrolyzing temperature(PT)increasing from 300℃ to 700℃,the sorption of the two insecticides on biochar-soil mixtures increased by more than 4.3-fold,due to the increasing SA and decreasing H/C.The acidic pH of the two tested soils also favored the enhanced sorption of the insecticides by removing the ash on biochar.The amendment of low-PT(300℃)biochar promoted the biodegradation of IMI and CLO by 11.3-41.9%via providing more DOC and available N for microorganisms,while inhibiting the chemical degradation.Oppositely,the high-PT(500-700℃)biochars inhibited the biodegradation of the insecticides by decreasing their bioavailability and promoted the chemical degradation by providing mineral active groups,and generating·OH and other free radicals.In addition,soil type also affected the effects of biochar remediation.The highest 60-day degradation extent was achieved for CLO(90.5%)and IMI(81.4%)in paddy soil by adding biochar derived from pig manure at 700℃ PT.In summary,the effect of biochar on the fate of organic contaminants in soil is a comprehensive result involving several processes and a systematic study considering the type and property of biochar and soil is needed to optimize biochar technology. | Peng Zhang Lujuan Min Jingchun Tang Muhammad Khalid Rafiq Hongwen Sun | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Clinical Features and Outcome of Sporadic Colorectal Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Developing Country显示文摘 | Muhammad Nauman Zahir Eisha Mahpara Azhar Sobia Rafiq Kulsoom Ghias Munira Shabbir-Moosajee W. Habano S. Holdenrieder | 2014 | ISRN Oncology2014，，： | 1 |
| 13 | A Quantitative Security Metric Model for Security Controls:Secure Virtual Machine Migration Protocol as Target of Assessment显示文摘Quantitative security metrics are desirable for measuring the performance of information security controls. Security metrics help to make functional and business decisions for improving the performance and cost of the security controls. However, defining enterprise-level security metrics has already been listed as one of the hard problems in the Info Sec Research Council's hard problems list. Almost all the efforts in defining absolute security metrics for the enterprise security have not been proved fruitful. At the same time, with the maturity of the security industry, there has been a continuous emphasis from the regulatory bodies on establishing measurable security metrics. This paper addresses this need and proposes a relative security metric model that derives three quantitative security metrics named Attack Resiliency Measure(ARM), Performance Improvement Factor(PIF), and Cost/Benefit Measure(CBM) for measuring the performance of the security controls. For the effectiveness evaluation of the proposed security metrics, we took the secure virtual machine(VM) migration protocol as the target of assessment. The virtual-ization technologies are rapidly changing the landscape of the computing world. Devising security metrics for virtualized environment is even more challenging. As secure virtual machine migration is an evolving area and no standard protocol is available specifically for secure VM migration. This paper took the secure virtual machine migration protocol as the target of assessment and applied the proposed relative security metric model for measuring the Attack Resiliency Measure, Performance Improvement Factor, and Cost/Benefit Measure of the secure VM migration protocol. | Tayyaba Zeb Muhammad Yousaf Humaira Afzal Muhammad Rafiq Mufti | 2018 | China Communications2018，15，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Essential Features Preserving Dynamics of Stochastic Dengue Model显示文摘Nonlinear stochasticmodelling plays an important character in the different fields of sciences such as environmental,material,engineering,chemistry,physics,biomedical engineering,and many more.In the current study,we studied the computational dynamics of the stochastic dengue model with the real material of the model.Positivity,boundedness,and dynamical consistency are essential features of stochastic modelling.Our focus is to design the computational method which preserves essential features of the model.The stochastic non-standard finite difference technique is most efficient as compared to other techniques used in literature.Analysis and comparison were explored in favour of convergence.Also,we address the comparison between the stochastic and deterministic models. | Wasfi Shatanawi Ali Raza Muhammad Shoaib Arif Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Muhammad Mohsin | 2021 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2021，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Color image security system using double random-structured phase encoding in gyrator transform domain显示文摘 | ABUTURAB MUHAMMAD RAFIQ | 2012 | Applied Optics2012，51，15： | 1 |
| 16 | Color information se- curity system using discrete cosine transform in gyrator transform domain radiaI-Hilbert phase encoding显示文摘 | ABUTURAB MUHAMMAD RAFIQ | 2012 | Optics and Lasers in Engineering2012，50，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Relationship among leadership style,organizational culture and employee commitment in university libraries显示文摘 | Muhammad Rafiq Awan Mahmood Khalid | 2010 | Library Management2010，31，45： | 1 |
| 18 | Stochastic Analysis for the Dynamics of a Poliovirus Epidemic Model显示文摘Most developing countries such as Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,and many more are still fighting against poliovirus.According to the World Health Organization,approximately eighteen million people have been infected with poliovirus in the last two decades.In Asia,still,some countries are suffering from the virus.The stochastic behavior of the poliovirus through the transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbation with fundamental properties are studied.Some basic properties of the deterministic model are studied,equilibria,local stability around the stead states,and reproduction number.Euler Maruyama,stochastic Euler,and stochastic Runge-Kutta study the behavior of complex stochastic differential equations.The main target of this study is to develop a nonstandard computational method that restores dynamical features like positivity,boundedness,and dynamical consistency.Unfortunately,the existing methods failed to fix the actual behavior of the disease.The comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods is investigated. | Ali Raza Dumitru Baleanu Zafar Ullah Khan Muhammad Mohsin Nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Pervez Anwar | 2023 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2023，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Assessment of Phytochemical Analysis,Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera显示文摘Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant rich in nutrients,antioxidants,and antibiotic properties.Present study was designed to evaluate various biochemical attributes of leaves and flowers of M.oleifera.Plant parts(leaves,flowers)of M.oleifera,collected from different roadsides of Multan district,Punjab,Pakistan,were used as experimental material.Result indicates that alkaloids,saponin,carbohydrates,fats,and protein had a high value in the aqueous extract of both leaves and flowers of M.oleifera.Whereas phenol content was high in methanolic leaves extract and the phenol contents were high in aqueous extract of flowers.The extract yield of M.oleifera leaves and flowers both showed a higher percentage in aqueous extract(57.5%),followed by methanol extract and lowest in ethyl acetate extract.Flavonoids contents were higher in ethyl acetate extract of leaves(33.67%)and aqueous extract of flowers(53.71%).While crude fiber was high in methanolic extract of leaves(12.40%)and in flowers crude fiber was high in ethyl acetate extract(15.86%).The moisture contents were higher in leaves(8.87%)than flowers(7.3%)and similarly,ash percentage in flowers(52.60%)than leaves(41.84%).Ethyl acetate extracts of M.oleifera leaves show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while methanolic extract of M.oleifera flowers shows antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas sp.Maximum growth inhibits show in all extracts of leaves against Aspergillus flavus,F.oxysporum,and P.glabrum except for the concentrated aqueous extract of leaves.While in flowers maximum growth inhibits all extracts against P.glabrum,A.niger,and A.flavus except the diluted ethyl acetate extract.Phytochemicals present in different parts of moringa have significant edible and commercial potential.Moringa extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity,therefore have applications in pharmaceuticals. | Naima Asghar Abida Aziz Muhammad Farooq Azhar Mohamed El-Sharnouby Uzma Irfan Iqra Rafiq Husnain Farooq Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani Mohamed I.Sakran A.Altalhi Fahad M.Alzuaibr Ayman El Sabagh | 2022 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2022，91，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Identification of hsa_circ_0092576 regulatory network in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease显示文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are responsible for 30%of all deaths globally.Coronary heart disease(CHD),is the most common form of CVD,accounting for 46%of male and 38%female cardiovascular deaths.1 CHD is characterized by chronic inflammation and endothelial injuries in coronary arteries,and subsequent development of atherosclerotic plaques which eventually leads to myocardial ischemia. | Abdullahi Dandare Muhammad Rafiq Afrose Liaquat Afraz Ahmad Raj Muhammad Jawad Khan | 2023 | Genes & Diseases2023，10，1： | 1 |
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