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| 1 | Reverse vaccinology assisted designing of multiepitope-based subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2显示文摘Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)linked with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)cause severe illness and life-threatening pneumonia in humans.The current COVID-19 pandemic demands an effective vaccine to acquire protection against the infection.Therefore,the present study was aimed to design a multiepitope-based subunit vaccine(MESV)against COVID-19.Methods:Structural proteins(Surface glycoprotein,Envelope protein,and Membrane glycoprotein)of SARS-CoV-2 are responsible for its prime functions.Sequences of proteins were downloaded from GenBank and several immunoinformatics coupled with computational approaches were employed to forecast B-and T-cell epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 highly antigenic structural proteins to design an effective MESV.Results:Predicted epitopes suggested high antigenicity,conserveness,substantial interactions with the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)binding alleles,and collective global population coverage of 88.40%.Taken together,276 amino acids long MESV was designed by connecting 3 cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL),6 helper T lymphocyte(HTL)and 4 B-cell epitopes with suitable adjuvant and linkers.The MESV construct was non-allergenic,stable,and highly antigenic.Molecular docking showed a stable and high binding affinity of MESV with human pathogenic toll-like receptors-3(TLR3).Furthermore,in silico immune simulation revealed significant immunogenic response of MESV.Finally,MEV codons were optimized for its in silico cloning into the Escherichia coli K-12 system,to ensure its increased expression.Conclusion:The MESV developed in this study is capable of generating immune response against COVID-19.Therefore,if designed MESV further investigated experimentally,it would be an effective vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 to control and prevent COVID-19. | Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar Farah Shahid Sadia Aslam Usman Ali Ashfaq Sidra Aslam Israr Fatima Muhammad Mazhar Fareed Ali Zohaib Ling-Ling Chen | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Thymoquinone suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome显示文摘 | Israr Ahmad Kashiff M. Muneer Iman A. Tamimi Michelle E. Chang Muhammad O. Ata Nabiha Yusuf | 2013 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology2013，，： | 1 |
| 3 | EIAS:An Efficient Identity-Based Aggregate Signature Scheme for WSNs Against Coalition Attack显示文摘Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are the major contributors to big data acquisition.The authenticity and integrity of the data are two most important basic requirements for various services based on big data.Data aggregation is a promising method to decrease operation cost for resource-constrained WSNs.However,the process of data acquisitions in WSNs are in open environments,data aggregation is vulnerable to more special security attacks with hiding feature and subjective fraudulence,such as coalition attack.Aimed to provide data authenticity and integrity protection for WSNs,an efficient and secure identity-based aggregate signature scheme(EIAS)is proposed in this paper.Rigorous security proof shows that our proposed scheme can be secure against all kinds of attacks.The performance comparisons shows EIAS has clear advantages in term of computation cost and communication cost when compared with similar data aggregation scheme for WSNs. | Yong Xie Fang Xu Xiang Li Songsong Zhang Xiaodan Zhang Muhammad Israr | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Impact of Accelerated Ultraviolet Weathering on Polymeric Composite Insulators Under High Voltage DC Stress显示文摘This study investigates the weatherability of room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber(SiR)and epoxybased material specimens with a composition of different nano and micro fillers against the collegial effects of high voltage DC,UV and temperature stresses.Bulk power transmission over long distances via HVDC is considered an economic option these days,so to ensure the system reliability,it is also critical to investigate these insulators under DC stress along with other environmental stresses(especially UV and temperature).For experimentation,composite samples i.e.neat epoxy(NE),epoxy with 15%micro SiO_(2)(EMS),epoxy with 5%nano SiO_(2)(ENS),neat SiR(NS),SiR with 15%micro SiO_(2)(SMS)and SiR with 5%nano SiO_(2)(SNS)are fabricated and subjected to accelerated aging in a weather chamber for 3,360 hours.Results reveal that SMS and SNS offer better hydrophobic behavior followed by EMS.However noticeable surface discoloration in the form of whitish shade with minor blackish spots is found in the case of SMS,while remaining samples also showed considerable color fading.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)results showed that SNS and SMS presented quite excellent resistance to the exposure of fillers.Hardness and weight of all specimens are evaluated throughout the experiment and particularly for the water immersion test.Moreover,leakage current analysis indicated that SNS and SMS revealed high leakage current suppression compare to other samples.Findings indicate that SNS and SMS showed enhanced resistance against UV weathering under high voltage direct current stress. | Israr Ullah Muhammad Amin Haider Hussain M.Tariq Nazir | 2022 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2022，8，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Deep Learning Method to Detect the Road Cracks and Potholes for Smart Cities显示文摘The increasing global population at a rapid pace makes road trafficdense;managing such massive traffic is challenging. In developing countrieslike Pakistan, road traffic accidents (RTA) have the highest mortality percentageamong other Asian countries. The main reasons for RTAs are roadcracks and potholes. Understanding the need for an automated system forthe detection of cracks and potholes, this study proposes a decision supportsystem (DSS) for an autonomous road information system for smart citydevelopment with the use of deep learning. The proposed DSS works in layerswhere initially the image of roads is captured and coordinates attached to theimage with the help of global positioning system (GPS), communicated tothe decision layer to find about the cracks and potholes in the roads, andeventually, that information is passed to the road management informationsystem, which gives information to drivers and the maintenance department.For the decision layer, we projected a CNN-based model for pothole crackdetection (PCD). Aimed at training, a K-fold cross-validation strategy wasused where the value of K was set to 10. The training of PCD was completedwith a self-collected dataset consisting of 6000 images from Pakistani roads.The proposed PCD achieved 98% of precision, 97% recall, and accuracy whiletesting on unseen images. The results produced by our model are higher thanthe existing model in terms of performance and computational cost, whichproves its significance. | Hong-Hu Chu Muhammad Rizwan Saeed Javed Rashid Muhammad Tahir Mehmood Israr Ahmad Rao Sohail Iqbal Ghulam Ali | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | An EFSM-Based Test Data Generation Approach in Model-Based Testing显示文摘Testing is an integral part of software development.Current fastpaced system developments have rendered traditional testing techniques obsolete.Therefore,automated testing techniques are needed to adapt to such system developments speed.Model-based testing(MBT)is a technique that uses system models to generate and execute test cases automatically.It was identified that the test data generation(TDG)in many existing model-based test case generation(MB-TCG)approaches were still manual.An automatic and effective TDG can further reduce testing cost while detecting more faults.This study proposes an automated TDG approach in MB-TCG using the extended finite state machine model(EFSM).The proposed approach integrates MBT with combinatorial testing.The information available in an EFSM model and the boundary value analysis strategy are used to automate the domain input classifications which were done manually by the existing approach.The results showed that the proposed approach was able to detect 6.62 percent more faults than the conventionalMB-TCG but at the same time generated 43 more tests.The proposed approach effectively detects faults,but a further treatment to the generated tests such as test case prioritization should be done to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of testing. | Muhammad Luqman Mohd-Shafie Wan Mohd Nasir Wan Kadir Muhammad Khatibsyarbini Mohd Adham Isa Israr Ghani Husni Ruslai | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，6： | 0 |
| 7 | Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth:A review显示文摘Because of climate change and the highly growing world population,it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole population.To overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield,a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side effects.Instead of these,scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria,which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant growth.The microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its physiology.Plant depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth,nutrients availability,growth promotion,disease suppression and other important roles for plants.Recently numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic technologies.This review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development,maintenance,interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress conditions.In addition,this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR,mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere. | Ashiq Khan Zitong Ding Muhammad Ishaq Israr Khan Anum Ali Ahmed Abdul Qadir Khan Xusheng Guo | 2020 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2020，13，5： | 0 |
| 8 | Neural Machine Translation Models with Attention-Based Dropout Layer显示文摘In bilingual translation,attention-based Neural Machine Translation(NMT)models are used to achieve synchrony between input and output sequences and the notion of alignment.NMT model has obtained state-of-the-art performance for several language pairs.However,there has been little work exploring useful architectures for Urdu-to-English machine translation.We conducted extensive Urdu-to-English translation experiments using Long short-term memory(LSTM)/Bidirectional recurrent neural networks(Bi-RNN)/Statistical recurrent unit(SRU)/Gated recurrent unit(GRU)/Convolutional neural network(CNN)and Transformer.Experimental results show that Bi-RNN and LSTM with attention mechanism trained iteratively,with a scalable data set,make precise predictions on unseen data.The trained models yielded competitive results by achieving 62.6%and 61%accuracy and 49.67 and 47.14 BLEU scores,respectively.From a qualitative perspective,the translation of the test sets was examined manually,and it was observed that trained models tend to produce repetitive output more frequently.The attention score produced by Bi-RNN and LSTM produced clear alignment,while GRU showed incorrect translation for words,poor alignment and lack of a clear structure.Therefore,we considered refining the attention-based models by defining an additional attention-based dropout layer.Attention dropout fixes alignment errors and minimizes translation errors at the word level.After empirical demonstration and comparison with their counterparts,we found improvement in the quality of the resulting translation system and a decrease in the perplexity and over-translation score.The ability of the proposed model was evaluated using Arabic-English and Persian-English datasets as well.We empirically concluded that adding an attention-based dropout layer helps improve GRU,SRU,and Transformer translation and is considerably more efficient in translation quality and speed. | Huma Israr Safdar Abbas Khan Muhammad Ali Tahir Muhammad Khuram Shahzad Muneer Ahmad Jasni Mohamad Zain | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，5： | 0 |
| 9 | 一类Drygas泛函方程解的稳定性显示文摘利用迭代法和泛函不等式研究了一类Drygas泛函方程f(xyz)+f(xyz^(-1))=2f(x)+2f(y)+f(z)+f(-z)解的稳定性问题,并证明了该方程的解具有存在唯一性. | 吕刚 穆明珠 金元峰 Muhammad Israr | 2021 | 延边大学学报(自然科学版)2021，47，2： | 0 |
| 10 | A discussion on cotton transformation during the last decade (2010–2021);an update on present trends and future prospects显示文摘The introduction of genetically modified(GM)cotton in 1996 in the US and its worldwide spread later rejuvenated cotton production in many parts of the world.The evolution is continued since then and currently,the 3rd and fourth generation of same GM cotton is grown in many parts of the world.The GM cotton introduced in 1996 was simple Bt cotton that expressed a single Cry1Ac gene,the later generation carried multiple Cry genes along with the genes controlling herbicide tolerance.Current day GM cotton does not only give stable resistance against lepidopteran insects but also facilitates the farmers to spray broad-spectrum herbicides without harming the crop.The evolution of GM cotton is continued both on the basic and applied side and interventions have been introduced during the last decade.Earlier the cotton transformation was limited to Cocker strains which are getting possible in many other varieties,too.It is successful with both gene gun,and Agrobacterium and inplanta transformation has made it a routine activity.Apart from overexpression studies for various purposes including biotic,abiotic,and quality traits,RNAi and genome editing are explored vigorously.Through this review,we have tried to explore and discuss various interventions for improving transformation protocols,the applications of cotton transformation,and future strategies being developed to get maximum benefits from this technology during the last decade. | QANDEEL‑E‑ARSH AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen ATIF Rana Muhammad ISRAR Mahwish KHAN Azeem Iqbal KHALID Shahzad RANA Iqrar Ahmad | 2021 | Journal of Cotton Research2021，4，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Robust Adaptive Multi-Switching Synchronization of Multiple Different Orders Unknown Chaotic Systems显示文摘Multi-switching synchronizatio of multiple different orders unknown chaotisystems confines hacking in the digital transmission process.Similarly,the suppression of undesirable chattering increases synchronization performance.This paper proposes a new robust synchronization contro technique and discusses the MSS of multiple different orders UC systems.This controller accomplishe quick convergence reduces the transient oscillations,an the rate of convergence decreases in the vicinity of the origin that causes the suppression of chattering.Analysis based on the Lyapunov direct method assures this convergence behavior with any positive values of the feedback gains.This work also provides parameters updated law that estimates the true values of unknown parameters.Numerical examples of five UC systems different orders are simulated.The computer based graphical results validate the efficiency and performance of the proposed RASC technique and the synchronization strategy when compare to peer works.In the simulation,the proposed synchronization strategy successfully recovers an encrypted received image on a communication channel.The article suggests some future research problems to extend the use of the proposed work. | MUHAMMAD Shafiq ISRAR Ahmad AMBUSAIDI Mohammed BASHIR Naderi | 2020 | Journal of Systems Science & Complexity2020，33，5： | 0 |
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