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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | The effects of different additives in electrolyte of AGM batteries on self-discharge 显示文摘 | Safari Yazd M Molazemi A Moayed M H | 2006 | J Power Sources2006，158，： | 1 |
| 3 | Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in healthcare workers of Oil Company Hospital, Tehran, 显示文摘 | Seyed Moayed A Mansouri S Abouzari M | 2008 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol2008，20，2： | 1 |
| 4 | A comparative study of critical pitting temperature (CPT) of stainless steels by electrochemical imped- ance spectroscopy(EIS), potentiodynamic and poten- tiostatic techniques显示文摘 | EBRAHIMI N MOMENI M MOAYED M H | 2012 | Corrosion Science2012，59，： | 1 |
| 5 | Aggressive effects of pitting 'inhibitors' on highly alloyed stainless steels显示文摘 | Moayed M H Newman R C | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Deterioration in critical pitting tem- perature of 904L stainless steel by addition of sulfate ions显示文摘 | Moayed M H Newman R C | 2006 | Corrosion Science2006，48，11： | 1 |
| 7 | A simulated annealing algorithm approach to hybrid flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times 显示文摘 | MIRSANEI H S ZANDIEH M MOAYED M J | 2011 | Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing2011，22，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Deterioration in critical pit- ting temperature of 904L stainless steel by addition of sulfate ions显示文摘 | MOAYED M H NEWMAN R C | 2006 | Corrosion Science2006，48，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Investigation on the effect of ni- trate ion on the critical pitting temperature of 2205 duplex stainless steel along a mechanistic approach using pencil elec- trode显示文摘 | ZAKERI M MOAYED M H | 2014 | Corrosion Science2014，85，： | 1 |
| 10 | Evaluation of cone penetration resistance in loose silty sand using calibration chamber显示文摘 | BAZIAR M H MOAYED R Z | 2006 | International Journal of Civil Engineering2006，4，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Deterioration in CriticalPitting Temperature of 904L Stainless Steel by Addition ofSulfate Ions 显示文摘 | MOAYED M H NEWMAN R C | 2006 | Corrosion Science2006，48，： | 1 |
| 12 | Synthesis of a novel magnetic zeolite nanocornposite for removal of Cs' and S-+ from aqueous solution: Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermody?namic studies显示文摘 | Faghihian H Moayed M Firooz A | 2013 | J Colloid Interf Sci2013，393，： | 1 |
| 13 | Dependence of the critical pitting temperature on surface roughness显示文摘 | Moayed M H Layeoek N J Newman R C | 2003 | Corrosion Science2003，45，6： | 1 |
| 14 | The effects of different additives in electrolyte of AGM batteries on self-discharge显示文摘 | Yazd M S Molazemi A Moayed M H | 2006 | Journal of Power Sources2006，158，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Critical pitting temperature dependence of 2205 duplex stainless steel on dichromate ion concentration in chloride medium显示文摘 | Ebrahimi N Moayed M H Davoodi A | 2011 | Corrosion Science2011，53，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Aggressive effects of pitting 'inhibitors' on highly alloyed stainless steels显示文摘 | Moayed M H Newman R C | 1998 | Corrosion Science1998，40，23： | 1 |
| 17 | Critical Pit-ting Temperature Dependence of 2205 Duplex StainlessSteel on Dichromate Ion Concentration in Chloride Medium显示文摘 | EBRAHIMI N MOAYED M H DAVOODI A | 2011 | Corrosion Science2011，53，： | 1 |
| 18 | Dependence of the Critical Pitting Temperature on Surface Roughness 显示文摘 | MOAYED M H LAYCOCK N J NEWMAN R C | 2003 | Corrosion Science2003，45，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Depen-dence of the Critical Pitting Temperature on Surface Rough-ness显示文摘 | MOAYED M H LAYCOCK N J NEWMAN R C | 2003 | Corrosion Science2003，45，： | 1 |
| 20 | EIS As-sessment of Critical Pitting Temperature of 2205 DuplexStainless Steel in Acidified Ferric Chloride Solution 显示文摘 | HOSEINPOOR M MOMENI M MOAYED M H | 2014 | Corrosion Science2014，80，： | 1 |
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