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| 1 | Wnt/b-catenin signaling plays an ever-expanding role in stem cell self-renewal,tumorigenesis and cancer chemoresistance显示文摘Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polarity.The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway,which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches.The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway,as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation,stem cell functions,and adult tissue homeostasis.Additionally,a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance.Thus,a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease.We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness,tumorigenesis,and cancer drug resistance.Ultimately,we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance. | Maryam K.Mohammed Connie Shao Jing Wang Qiang Wei Xin Wang Zachary Collier Shengli Tang Hao Liu Fugui Zhang Jiayi Huang Dan Guo Minpeng Lu Feng Liu Jianxiang Liu Chao Ma Lewis L.Shi Aravind Athiviraham Tong-Chuan He Michael J.Lee | 2016 | Genes & Diseases2016，3，1： | 70 |
| 2 | Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)signaling in tumorigenesis and the development of cancer drug resistance显示文摘One of the greatest obstacles to current cancer treatment efforts is the development of drug resistance by tumors.Despite recent advances in diagnostic practices and surgical interventions,many neoplasms demonstrate poor response to adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy.As a result,the prognosis for many patients afflicted with these aggressive cancers remains bleak.The insulin-like growth factor(IGF)signaling axis has been shown to play critical role in the development and progression of various tumors.Many basic science and translational studies have shown that IGF pathway modulators can have promising effects when used to treat various malignancies.There also exists a substantial body of recent evidence implicating IGF signaling dysregulation in the dwindling response of tumors to current standard-of-care therapy.By better understanding both the IGF-dependent and-independent mechanisms by which pathway members can influence drug sensitivity,we can eventually aim to use modulators of IGF signaling to augment the effects of current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes numerous recent investigations looking at the role of the IGF pathway in drug resistance.We offer a brief overview of IGF signaling and its general role in neoplasia,and then delve into detail about the many types of human cancer that have been shown to have IGF pathway involvement in resistance and/or sensitization to therapy.Ultimately,our hope is that such a compilation of evidence will compel investigators to carry out much needed studies looking at combination treatment with IGF signaling modulators to overcome current therapy resistance. | Sahitya K.Denduluri Olumuyiwa Idowu Zhongliang Wang Zhan Liao Zhengjian Yan Maryam K.Mohammed Jixing Ye Qiang Wei Jing Wang Lianggong Zhao Hue H.Luu | 2015 | Genes & Diseases2015，2，1： | 21 |
| 3 | Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis:Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering显示文摘Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature.Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue.Here,we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions,to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering.These include various signaling pathways,including fibroblast growth factors(FGFs),transforming growth factor b(TGF-b)/bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs),Wnt/b-catenin,Hedgehog,Notch,hypoxia,and angiogenic signaling pathways.Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed.Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. | Jordan D.Green Viktor Tollemar Mark Dougherty Zhengjian Yan Liangjun Yin Jixing Ye Zachary Collier Maryam K.Mohammed Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Richard Kang Michael J.Lee Sherwin H.Ho Tong-Chuan He Lewis L.Shi Aravind Athiviraham | 2015 | Genes & Diseases2015，2，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Transition to resistance:An unexpected role of the EMT in cancer chemoresistance显示文摘Two recent studies provide intriguing evidence that challenges the role of the epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT)as a critical mediator of cancer metastasis,while revealing an unexpected role in cancer drug resistance.1,2 While these findings may not settle the EMT’s role in metastasis,these studies suggest that targeting the EMT may inhibit both cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. | Jing Wang Qiang Wei Xin Wang Shengli Tang Hao Liu Fugui Zhang Maryam K.Mohammed Jiayi Huang Dan Guo Minpeng Lu Feng Liu Jianxiang Liu Chao Ma Xue Hu Rex C.Haydon Tong-Chuan He Hue H.Luu | 2016 | Genes & Diseases2016，3，1： | 4 |
| 5 | Stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds in craniofacial regenerative medicine显示文摘Current reconstructive approaches to large craniofacial skeletal defects are often complicated and challenging.Critical-sized defects are unable to heal via natural regenerative processes and require surgical intervention,traditionally involving autologous bone(mainly in the form of nonvascularized grafts)or alloplasts.Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard of care in spite of the associated risk of donor site morbidity.Tissue engineering approaches represent a promising alternative that would serve to facilitate bone regeneration even in large craniofacial skeletal defects.This strategy has been tested in a myriad of iterations by utilizing a variety of osteoconductive scaffold materials,osteoblastic stem cells,as well as osteoinductive growth factors and small molecules.One of the major challenges facing tissue engineers is creating a scaffold fulfilling the properties necessary for controlled bone regeneration.These properties include osteoconduction,osteoinduction,biocompatibility,biodegradability,vascularization,and progenitor cell retention.This review will provide an overview of how optimization of the aforementioned scaffold parameters facilitates bone regenerative capabilities as well as a discussion of common osteoconductive scaffold materials. | Viktor Tollemar Zach J.Collier Maryam K.Mohammed Michael J.Lee Guillermo A.Ameer Russell R.Reid | 2016 | Genes & Diseases2016，3，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Opening the LOX to bone metastasis: The role of secreted lysyl oxidase in skeletal recurrence of breast cancers显示文摘Breast cancer is the second-most prevalent cancer in the United States,with 234,190 new cases projected to be diagnosed in 2015.The initial diagnosis is commonly made early in its disease course due to the use of routine screening mammography.1 Combined with advances in adjuvant chemotherapy,this has led to promising overall outcomes,including a 5-year survival rate of 89.4%and a 10%e12%rate of locoregional recurrence at 20 years for stage I/II disease.1-3 By comparison,prognosis remains poor for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis or for those who present after initial cure of disease with distant recurrence.4 Among cases of distant recurrence,skeletal recurrence occurs frequently and can be accompanied by hypercalcemia,pain,and functional compromise often requiring a protracted course of palliative therapy. | Maryam K.Mohammed Connie Shao Hue H.Luu Rex C.Haydon | 2015 | Genes & Diseases2015，2，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Insider information:Testing cancer drug sensitivity for personalized therapy显示文摘Cancer death is usually caused by incurable drug-resistant and metastatic cancers.Although tremendous progress has been made in anticancer drug development during the past two decades,cancer medicine still faces unprecedented challenges associated with choosing effective treatments for individual patients.Three recent reports have offered encouraging approaches towards potentially personalized cancer drug selection. | Jing Wang Qiang Wei Jixing Ye Sahitya K.Denduluri Xin Wang Maryam K.Mohammed Hue H.Luu Rex C.Haydon Tong-Chuan He | 2015 | Genes & Diseases2015，2，3： | 0 |
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