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| 1 | Diabetic retinopathy-ocular complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘In industrialized nations diabetic retinopathy is the most frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of blindness in the workingage population.In the next 15 years,the number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus is expected to increase significantly.By the year 2030,about 440 million people in the age-group 20-79 years are estimated to be suffering from diabetes mellitus worldwide(prevalence 7.7%),while in 2010 there were 285 million people with diabetes mellitus(prevalence 6.4%).This accounts for an increase in patients with diabetes in industrializednations by 20% and in developing countries by 69% until the year 2030.Due to the expected rise in diabetic patients,the need for ophthalmic care of patients(i.e.,exams and treatments) will also increase and represents a challenge for eye-care providers.Development of optimized screening programs,which respect available resources of the ophthalmic infrastructure,will become even more important.Main reasons for loss of vision in patients with diabetes mellitus are diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Incidence or progression of these potentially blinding complications can be greatly reduced by adequate control of blood glucose and blood pressure levels.Additionally,regular ophthalmic exams are mandatory for detecting ocular complications and initiating treatments such as laser photocoagulation in case of clinical significant diabetic macular edema or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy.In this way,the risk of blindness can considerably be reduced.In advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy,pars-plana vitrectomy is performed to treat vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment.In recent years,the advent of intravitreal medication has improved therapeutic options for patients with advanced diabetic macular edema. | Martin M Nentwich Michael W Ulbig | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，3： | 44 |
| 2 | 2018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。 | Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) | 2019 | 中华精神科杂志2019，52，1： | 25 |
| 3 | 大鼠结缔组织生长因子部分cDNA序列的克隆及其mRNA在实验性肝纤维化中的表达显示文摘目的克隆出大鼠结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor, CTGF)的部分cDNA序列,并观察在实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中 CTGF mRNA的表达改变。方法根据小鼠CTGF mRNA序列设计引物,用 RT-PCR从大鼠肝脏总 RNA中扩增出一段 430 bp的产物,并测定其序列。将 16只雌性 Wistar大鼠随机分为胆管堵塞组(n=8)及假手术组(n=8)。6周后取大鼠肝脏提取总RNA,利用多探针以核酸酶保护分析法测定CTGF及TGFβ_1的mRNA水平。结果克隆出的大鼠CTGF cDNA序列在核酸水平与小鼠的同源性为95%。胆汁性肝硬化大鼠肝脏中 TGF β_1及 CTGF的 IRNA水平分别为假手术组大鼠的 4倍和 7倍。结论在实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中CTGF mRNA的表达水平明显上调。 | 贾继东 Michael Bauer Gabriele Boigk Martin Ruelh Detlef Schuppan 王宝恩 | 2000 | 中华肝脏病杂志2000，8，2： | 22 |
| 4 | J波综合征专家上海共识:概念与认知的更新显示文摘序言
J波综合征(J wave syndromes,JW Ss),包括Brugada综合征(BrS)和早复极综合征(ERS)。有关Br S,在2000年和2004年分别举行了BrS的国际专家共识会议;有关ERS,直到2013年才在原发性遗传性心律失常专家共识里做出了针对ERS的指导意见。在2015年4月,心脏节律协会(HRS)、欧洲心脏节律协会(EHRA)和亚洲太平洋心脏节律协会(APHRS)的主要专家成员组成的工作组聚集在中国上海,审查了有关JWSs的新证据, | Charles Antzelevitch 严干新 Michael J.Ackerman Martin Borggrefe Domenico Corrado 郭继鸿(审核) Ihor Gussak Can Hasdemir Minoru Horie Heikki Huikuri 马长生 Hiroshi Morita Gi-Byoung Nam Frederic Sacher Wataru Shimizu Sami Viskin Arthur A.M.Wilde 刘霄燕(译) 揭起强(译) 吴林(审核) | 2016 | 临床心电学杂志2016，25，3： | 21 |
| 5 | Pancreatic regenerating protein (regⅠ) and regⅠreceptor mRNA are upregulated in rat pancreas after induction of acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: Pancreatic regenerating protein (regⅠ) stimulates pancreatic regeneration after pancreatectomy and is mitogenic to ductal andβ-cells. This suggests that regⅠand its receptor may play a role in recovery after pancreatic injury. We hypothesized that regⅠand its receptor are induced in acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats by retrograde injection of 3% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Pancreata and serum were collected 12, 24, and 36 hours after injection and from normal controls (4 rats/group). RegⅠreceptor mRNA, serum regⅠprotein, and tissue regⅠprotein levels were determined by Northern analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize changes in regⅠand its receptor. RESULTS: Serum amylase levels and histology confirmed necrotizing pancreatitis in taurocholate treated rats. There was no statistically significant change in serum regⅠconcentrations from controls. However, Western blot demonstrated increased tissue levels of regⅠat 24 and 36 h. This increase was localized primarily to the acinar cells and the ductal cells by immunohistochemistry. Northern blot demonstrated a significant increase in regⅠreceptor mRNA expression with pancreatitis. Immunohistochemistry localized this increase to the ductal cells, islets, and acinar cells. CONCLUSION: Acute pancreatitis results in increased tissue regⅠprotein levels localized to the acinar and ductal cells, and a parallel threefold induction of regⅠreceptor in the ductal cells, islets, and acinar cells. These changes suggest that induction of reg I and its receptor may be important for recovery from acute pancreatitis. | Martin H Bluth Sameer A Patel Brian K Dieckgraefe Hiroshi Okamoto Michael E Zenilman | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 19 |
| 6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma in central Sydney :a 10yearreview of patients seen in a medical oncology department显示文摘AIM To report a single Australian oncology unit′s experience with the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the context of a literature review of the current management issues. METHODS Retrospective case record review of 76 patients with diagnosis of HCC referred to the unit between 1984 and 1995. RESULTS Sixty three patients had adequate records for analysis. Thirty six (56%) were migrants with half from Southeast Asia. Twenty four patients had a documented viral aetiology. Nine (14%) of 51 patients with pathological confirmation of HCC had normal alpha fetoprotein levels. Median survival of the 20 patients managed palliatively was 5 weeks compared to 16 weeks for the cohort overall. Surgery in 16 patients rendered all initially disease free with a median survival of 88 weeks. Chemoembolisation induced tumor responses in 5 of the 11 patients so treated. Systemic chemotherapy and tamoxifen treatment caused tumor response in two of 12 and one of 25 respectively. CONCLUSION Prolonged survival of patients with HCC depends on early detection of small tumors suitable for surgical resection. Other active treatments are palliative in intent and have limited success. In addition to tumor response and survival duration, the toxicities of therapies and the overall quality of life of patients need to be considered as important outcomes. Viral hepatitis prevention and screening of individuals at risk are strategies that are important for HCC management in communities where the disease is endemic. | Desmond Yip 1, Michael Findlay 2, Michael Boyer 1 and Martin H. Tattersall 3 | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，6： | 17 |
| 7 | 手术导航系统提高全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体植入精确度的研究显示文摘目的 评价应用新型非影像手术导航系统进行非骨水泥全髋关节置换对提高术中髋臼假体植入角度精确度的影响。 方法 取 12具成人尸体 ,每例随机于一侧应用手术导航系统进行全髋关节置换髋臼假体植入 ,其对侧用传统的髋臼假体定位器植入假体。设定髋臼假体最佳植入角度为倾斜角 4 5°,前倾角 2 0°。术后用三维数字化仪测定髋臼假体植入的角度情况。 结果 手术导航系统植入的髋臼假体倾斜角为 (4 5 .5± 2 .3)°,前倾角为 (2 1.8± 2 .5 )°。传统方法植入假体的倾斜角为 (4 2 .5± 6 .3)° ,前倾角为 (2 4 .8± 7.7)°。比较两组结果 ,倾斜角的差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 手术导航系统可以很好地提高术中髋臼假体植入的精确度 ,从而降低假体松动等并发症的发生。 | 曾晖 刘国平 Michael Nogler Martin Krismer | 2004 | 中华创伤杂志2004，20，7： | 14 |
| 8 | Current developments in pediatric liver transplantation显示文摘In 1953, the pioneer of human orthotopic liver transplantation(LT), Thomas E Starzl, was the first to attempt an orthotopic liver transplant into a 3 years old patient suffering from biliary atresia. Thus, the first LT in humans was attempted in a disease, which, up until today, remains the main indication for pediatric LT(p LT). During the last sixty years, refinements in diagnostics and surgical technique, the introduction of new immunosuppressive medications and improvements in perioperative pediatric care have established LT as routine procedure for childhood acute and chronic liver failure as well as inherited liver diseases. In contrast to adult recipients, p LT differs greatly in indications for LT, allocation practice, surgical technique, immunosuppression and postoperative life-long aftercare. Many aspects are focus of ongoing preclinical and clinical research. The present review gives an overview of current developments and the clinical outcome of p LT, with a focus on alternatives to full-size deceased-donor organ transplantation. | Christina Hackl Hans J Schlitt Martin Loss Birgit Knoppke Michael Melter | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，11： | 13 |
| 9 | Recent advances in vaccination of non-responders to standard dose hepatitis B virus vaccine显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a global health problem. It is estimated there are more than 2 billion individuals exposed to the virus and 250 million are chronically infected. Hepatitis B is the cause of more than 600000 annual deaths due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. An effective vaccine exists and preventative initiatives center around universal vaccination especially in those at highest risk. Effective vaccination algorithms have led to a significant decline in the development of new infections and its devastating consequences. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly in three doses, with 95% showing long lasting serologic immunity. An additional fourth dose or a repeated higher dose three course regimen is given to those that fail to show immunity. Despite these additional regimens, some remain vulnerable to hepatitis B and are deemed nonresponders. Individuals with chronic disease states such as kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, as well as those with a genetic predisposition, and those on immunomodulation therapy, have the highest likelihood of non-response. Various strategies have been developed to elicit an immune response in these individuals. These include increased vaccination dose, intradermal administration, alternative adjuvants, alternative routes of administration, co-administration with other vaccines, and other novel therapies. These alternative strategies can show improved response and lasting immunity. In summary, HBV vaccination is a major advance of modern medicine and all individuals at risk should be sought and vaccinated with subsequent adequate titers demonstrated. | Saqib Walayat Zohair Ahmed Daniel Martin Srinivas Puli Michael Cashman Sonu Dhillon | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，24： | 12 |
| 10 | 基本参数法X-射线荧光光谱同时分析镍、钴和铁基合金显示文摘用基本参数法分析了镍、钴和铁基合金,对每种元素在整个含量范围内用单一校准进行了测定,并获得了满意的结果。研究显示,本方法可以采用多通道光谱仪对主次元素进行分析测定。例如,对镍元素来说,在质量分数0%到100%的浓度范围内,准确度达到质量分数0.14%。我们还发现,在铬的分析中,三级激发很显著,对整体强度的贡献率达到2.4%。通过将三级激发考虑进理论强度计算,方法的准确度可由质量分数0.14%提高到0.10%。对灵敏度进行了最小二乘拟合法校准,研究显示二次拟合多项式用单一校准曲线在整个浓度范围内都能给出很好的结果。在多通道光谱仪中,当通道不再适合谱线重叠时,理论强度重叠校正法是有效的手段。 | KATAOKA Yoshiyukki FURUSAWA Eiichi KOHNO Hisayuki ARAI Tomoya MARTIN Al INOUE Hisashi MANTLER Michael | 2009 | 冶金分析2009，29，5： | 9 |
| 11 | Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases显示文摘Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine (ACh)- triggered, a7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR)- dependent nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway. Studies using the a7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis. | David A Scott Michael Martin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，46： | 8 |
| 12 | The lncRNA APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 to trigger root hair cell expansion in response to cold显示文摘Plant long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as important regulators of chromatin dynamics,impacting on transcriptional programs leading to different developmental outputs.The lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP(APOLO)directly recognizes multiple independent loci across the Arabidopsis genome and modulates their three-dimensional chromatin conformation,leading to transcriptional shifts.Here,we show that APOLO recognizes the locus encoding the root hair(RH)master regulator ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6(RHD6)and controls RHD6 transcriptional activity,leading to cold-enhanced RH elongation through the consequent activation of the transcription factor gene RHD6-like RSL4.Furthermore,we demonstrate that APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 and modulates its binding to the RHD6 promoter.WRKY42 is required for the activation of RHD6 by low temperatures and WRKY42 deregulation impairs cold-induced RH expansion.Collectively,our results indicate that a novel ribonucleoprotein complex with APOLO and WRKY42 forms a regulatory hub to activate RHD6 by shaping its epigenetic environment and integrate signals governing RH growth and development. | Michael Moison Javier Martinez Pacheco Leandro Lucero Camille Fonouni-Farde Johan Rodriguez-Melo Natanael Mansilla Aurelie Christ Jeremie Bazin Moussa Benhamed Fernando Ibanez Martin Crespi Jose M.Estevez Federico Ariel | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，6： | 8 |
| 13 | 利用飞秒双光子光电子发射研究GaAs(100)的自旋动力学过程显示文摘超短激光技术的发展为研究材料中的超快光动方学过程提供了重要的实验手段,也使得人们能够更为深入地研究电子的自旋动力学行为.GaAs(100)表面由于费米钉扎而会导致能带弯曲,位于该区域的电子及其自旋特性将会明显不同于体相材料中的情况.利用时间分辨和自旋分辨的双光子光电子发射技术研究了p型掺杂GaAs(100)表面的电子极化动力学过程.结果表明,由费米钉扎而引起的能带弯曲明显影响电子的自旋弛豫过程,从实验上观察到了GaAs(100)表面能带弯曲区域的电子自旋翻转时间存在近2个量级的差异(从几纳秒到几十皮秒),基于电子_自旋交换相互作用的BAP机理在自旋弛豫过程中起着主导作用. | 郭立俊 Jan-Peter Wüstenberg Andreyev Oleksiy Michael Bauer Martin Aeschlimann | 2005 | 物理学报2005，54，7： | 7 |
| 14 | Mutants, Overexpressors, and Interactors of Arabidopsis Plastocyanin Isoforms: Revised Roles of Plastocyanin in Photosynthetic Electron Flow and Thylakoid Redox State显示文摘二相应 plastocyanin isoforms 被基因 PETE1 和 PETE2 编码为 Arabidopsis thaliana 的原子染色体。PETE2 抄本被表示在更加高水平和 PETE2 蛋白质是更丰富的 isoform。在 PETE 基因的空变化导致了植物,指明的 pete1 和 pete2,与减少的 plastocyanin 内容。尽管有在超过 90% 减少 plastocyanin 层次,而 pete1 大美人种,然而,它的自己上的一个 pete2 0 变化仅仅稍微影响光合作用和生长的率,与大约 6080% 野类型的 plastocyanin 水平,没显示出任何改变。因此, plastocyanin 集中不在最佳的生长条件下面为光合的电子流动正在限制,也许为蛋白质暗示另外的可能的生理的角色。确实, plastocyanin 以前被建议了在 thylakoid 氧化还原作用反应与细胞色素 c6A (Cyt c6A ) 合作,但是我们不为在二蛋白质之间的一个物理相互作用发现证据,用在酵母的相互作用试金。我们在酵母相互作用试金观察了 Cyt c6A 的 homodimerization,而且 Cyt c6A homodimers 没能与 plastocyanin 交往。而且, atc6-1 pete1 的 phenotypic 分析和 atc6-1 pete2 加倍异种,每缺乏的 Cyt c6A 并且二编码 plastocyanin 基因之一,没能揭示任何基因相互作用。在 pete1 pete2 的 PETE1 或 PETE2 的 Overexpression 在实质上野类型的光合的性能的两倍猛烈变异的背景结果,排除二 plastocyanin isoforms 能在 thylakoid 有不同函数的可能性电子流动。 | Paolo Pesaresi Michael Scharfenberg Martin Weigel Irene Granlund Wolfgang R Schroder Giovanni Finazzi Fabrice Rappaport Simona Masiero Antonella Furini Peter Jahns Dario Leister | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，2： | 7 |
| 15 | Mechanism of friction reduction of unsaturated fatty acids as additives in diesel fuels显示文摘This paper investigates the effect of unsaturated fatty acid additives on the lubricating properties of a biodiesel,composed of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs)and a conventional diesel fuel.The presence of fatty acids as additives for biodiesel improves their lubricating properties at elevated temperature conditions.The formation of a protective lubricating tribochemical film on the steel contact surfaces has been evidenced.Elevated temperature conditions and possibly oxygen are needed to form this film that reduces friction and limits wear.Several analytical tools have revealed the insulating nature of the formed tribofilm and its chemical properties.Friction-induced reticulation is thought to play a major role in the growth of this insulating film. | Jean Michel MARTIN Christine MATTA Maria-Isabel De Barros BOUCHET Cyrielle FOREST Thierry Le MOGNE Thomas DUBOIS Michael MAZARIN | 2013 | Friction2013，1，3： | 7 |
| 16 | 多器官床旁即时超声在新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用:国际专家共识显示文摘新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎,COVID-19)自首次报道以来,已造成全球超一亿人感染,给各国的公共卫生体系造成了巨大威胁。新冠肺炎的临床表现以呼吸系统体征和症状为主,80%的患者症状轻微,约5%为危重症患者,常表现为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。前期,由于缺乏相关研究,面对日益紧迫的临床困境,医务人员不得不借鉴采取一些经验性措施以应对疫情。 | 王臻(译) Arif Hussain Gabriele Via Lawrence Melniker Alberto Goffi Guido Tavazzi Luca Neri Tomas Villen Richard Hoppmann Francesco Mojoli Vicki Noble Laurent Zieleskiewicz Pablo Blanco Irene W.Y.Ma Mahathar Abd.Wahab Abdulmohsen Alsaawi Majid AI Salamah Martin Balik Diego Barca Karim Bendjelid Belaid Bouhemad Pablo Bravo-Figueroa Raoul Breitkreutz Juan Calderon Jim Connolly Roberto Copetti Francesco Corradi Anthony J.Dean AndréDenault Deepak Govil Carmela Graci Young-Rock Ha Laura Hurtado Toru Kameda Michael Lanspa Christian B Laursen Francis Lee Rachel Liu Massimiliano Meineri Miguel Montorfano Peiman Nazerian Bret P.Nelson Aleksandar N.Neskovic Ramon Nogue Adi Osman JoséPazeli Elmo Pereira-Junior Tomislav Petrovic Emanuele Pivetta Jan Poelaert Susanna Price Gregor Prosen Shalim Rodriguez Philippe Rola Colin Royse Yale Tung Chen Mike Wells Adrian Wong Wang Xiaoting Wang Zhen Yaseen Arabi | 2021 | 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志2021，20，2： | 5 |
| 17 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 5 |
| 18 | C-reactive protein is a prognostic indicator in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate prognostic indicators for the outcome of patients with perihilar extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an unselected cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 98 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients (23.5%) underwent tumor resection. Patients with non- resectable tumors underwent either transpapillary or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Additionally, 32 patients (32.7%) received photodynamic therapy (PDT) and 18 patients (18.4%) systemic chemotherapy. Predefined variables at the time of diagnosis and characteristics considering the mode of treatment were entered into a Cox’s proportional hazards model. Included in the analysis were age, tumor stage following the modified Bismuth-Corlette classification, bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), C-reactive protein (CRP), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), history of weight loss, surgical resection, chemotherapy and PDT. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall median survival was 10.5 (95%CI: 8.4-12.6) mo. In the univariate analysis, low Bismuth stage, low CRP and surgical resection correlated significantly with better survival. In the multivariate analysis, only CRP (P = 0.005) and surgical resection (P = 0.029) were found to be independently predictive of survival in the cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a CRP level of 11.75 mg/L as the value associated with the highest sensitivity and specificity predicting a survival > 5 mo. Applying Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with a CRP < 12 mg/L at the time of diagnosis had a signifi cantly longer median survival than patients with higher values (16.2 vs 7.6 mo; P = 0.009).CONCLUSION: This retrospective analysis identif ied CRP level at the time of diagnosis as a novel indicator for the prognosis of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. It should be evaluated in future prospective trials on this entity. | Thomas Gerhardt Sabine Milz Michael Schepke Georg Feldmann Martin Wolff Tilman Sauerbruch Franz Ludwig Dumoulin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 5 |
| 19 | Acute pancreatitis in aging animals:Loss of pancreatitis-associated protein protection?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of age on severity of acute pancreatitis(AP) using biochemical markers,histology and expression of the protective pancreatitisassociated proteins(PAPs).METHODS:AP was induced via intraductal injection of 4% sodium taurocholate in young and old rats.Sera and pancreata were assayed at 24 h for the parameters listed above;we also employed a novel molecular technique to assess bacterial infiltration using polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial genomic ribosomal RNA.RESULTS:At 24 h after induction of AP,the pancreata of older animals had less edema(mean ± SE histologic score of young vs old:3.11 ± 0.16 vs 2.50 ±-0.11,P < 0.05),decreased local inflammatory response(histologic score of stromal infiltrate:3.11 ± 0.27 vs 2.00 ± 0.17,P < 0.05) and increased bacterial infiltration(174% ± 52% increase from sham vs 377% ± 4%,P < 0.05).A decreased expression of PAP1 and PAP2 was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining.There were no differences in serum amylase and lipase activity,or tissue myeloperoxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.However,in the most-aged group,serum C-reactive protein levels were higher(young vs old:0.249 ± 0.04 mg/dL vs 2.45 ± 0.68 mg/dL,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:In older animals,there is depressed PAP expression related to a blunted inflammatory response in AP which is associated with worsened bacterial infiltration and higher C-reactive protein level;this may explain the more aggressive clinical course. | Sophia Fu Albert Stanek Cathy M Mueller Nefertti A Brown Chongmin Huan Martin H Bluth Michael E Zenilman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 5 |
| 20 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
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