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| 1 | Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment显示文摘Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases when N is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of N with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different N and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,N uptake,root growth,apparent N surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral N(N_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) experiment.The experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical N and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four replicates.The yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the N uptake 100%higher,and the N_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined N and P in comparison to N fertilizer only.The maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with N and P fertilizers than with N fertilizer only.Manure addition increased maize yield by 50%and N uptake by 43%,and reduced N_(min)(mostly NO_3^--N) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no N fertilizer was applied.Manure application reduced the apparent N surplus for all treatments.These results suggest that combined N and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable NO_3^--N in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world. | WEN Zhihui SHEN Jianbo Martin BLACKWELL LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAN Huimin | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，1： | 29 |
| 2 | Fertilization and Catch Crop Strategies for Improving Tomato Production in North China显示文摘Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China.Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize crop production with reduced nutrient inputs. Conventional fertilization(CF), reduced fertilization(RF), and reduced fertilization with maize(Zea mays L.) as a summer catch crop(RF+C)treatments were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 by quantifying tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit yield and soil nutrient balance in a greenhouse tomato double-cropping system. Fertilizer nitrogen(N) application was reduced by 37% in the RF and RF+C treatments compared to the CF treatment with no significant reduction in fruit yield. Mean soil mineral N(Nmin) content to a depth of 180 cm following tomato and maize harvest was lower in the RF and RF+C treatments than in the CF treatment. Residual soil Nmincontent was reduced by 21% and 55% in the RF and RF+C treatments, respectively, compared to the CF treatment. Surplus phosphorus(P)and potassium(K) contents in the RF+C treatment were significantly lower than those in the RF treatment, mainly due to additional P and K uptake by the catch crop. We concluded that for intensive greenhouse production systems, the RF and RF+C treatments could maintain tomato fruit yield, reduce the potential for nitrate(NO-3-N) leaching, and with a catch crop, provide additional benefits through increased biomass production. | YUAN Hui-Min Martin BLACKWELL Clive RAHN CHEN Qing | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers:future opportunities for improvements显示文摘The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis.The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite,but some are contaminated,and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas,meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population.No single solution exists,but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves,but to result in a more efficient,sustainable phosphorus cycle.Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land,alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems,and the interactions between soil physics,chemistry and biology,coupled with plant traits.Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus(e.g.,organic phosphorus)and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently.The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies.Clear opportunities exist,and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized. | Martin BLACKWELL Tegan DARCH Richard HASLAM | 2019 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2019，6，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Interactions Among Agricultural Production and Other Ecosystem Services Delivered from European Temperate Grassland Systems显示文摘 | Emma S. Pilgrim Christopher J.A. Macleod Martin S.A. Blackwell Roland Bol David V. Hogan David R. Chadwick Laura Cardenas Tom H. Misselbrook Philip M. Haygarth Richard E. Brazier Phil Hobbs Chris Hodgson Steve Jarvis Jennifer Dungait Phil J. Murray Les G. | 2010 | Advances in Agronomy2010，，： | 1 |
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