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| 1 | 中国心力衰竭流行病学调查及其患病率显示文摘目的 了解我国成年人慢性心力衰竭 (心衰 )的患病率和分布特征。方法 中国心血管健康多中心合作研究应用四阶段整群随机抽样方法 ,在全国 1 0个省市 (南方和北方各 5个省市 )抽取具有代表性的样本 ,年龄在 35~ 74岁之间 ,城市和农村各半 ,男、女人数均衡。统计不同年龄组、不同性别和不同地区人群的心衰患病率。结果 共抽样调查 35~ 74岁城乡居民 1 5 51 8人 ,心衰患病率为0 9% ;其中男性为 0 7% ,女性为 1 0 % ,女性患病率高于男性 (P <0 0 5)。 35~ 44岁、45~ 54岁、55~64岁、65~ 74岁年龄组的心衰患病率分别为 0 4%、1 0 %、1 3 %和 1 3 % ;随着年龄增高 ,心衰的患病率显著上升 (P <0 0 1 )。我国北方地区心衰患病率为 1 4% ,南方地区心衰患病率为 0 5 % ,北方明显高于南方 (P <0 0 1 ) ;城市人群心衰患病率为 1 1 % ,农村人群心衰患病率为 0 8% ,城市人群心衰患病率高于农村。 | 顾东风 黄广勇 吴锡桂 段秀芳 何江 Paul K Whelton Stephen Mac Mahon | 2003 | 中华心血管病杂志2003，31，1： | 1271 |
| 2 | Fecal microbiota transplantation as novel therapy in gastroenterology:A systematic review显示文摘AIM:To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).We systematically reviewed FMT used as clinical therapy.METHODS:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library and Conference proceedings from inception to July,2013.Treatment effect of FMT was calculated as the percentage of patients who achieved clinical improvement per patient category,on an intention-to-treat basis.RESULTS:We included 45 studies;34 on Clostridium difficile-infection(CDI),7 on inflammatory bowel disease,1 on metabolic syndrome,1 on constipation,1 on pouchitis and 1 on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).In CDI 90% resolution of diarrhea in 33 case series(n = 867) was reported,and 94% resolution of diarrhea after repeated FMT in a randomized controlled trial(RCT)(n = 16).In ulcerative colitis(UC) remission rates of 0% to 68% were found(n = 106).In Crohn's disease(CD)(n = 6),no benefit was observed.In IBS,70% improvement of symptoms was found(n = 13).100% Reversal of symptoms was observed in constipation(n = 3).In pouchitis,none of the patients(n = 8) achieved remission.One RCT showed significant improvement of insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome(n = 10).Serious adverse events were rare.CONCLUSION:FMT is highly effective in CDI,and holds promise in UC.As for CD,chronic constipation,pouchitis and IBS data are too limited to draw conclusions.FMT increases insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. | Noortje G Rossen John K Mac Donald Elisabeth M de Vries Geert R D'Haens Willem M de Vos Erwin G Zoetendal Cyriel Y Ponsioen | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 41 |
| 3 | Endoscopic management of biliary complications after liver transplantation: An evidence-based review显示文摘Biliary tract diseases are the most common complications following liver transplantation(LT) and usually include biliary leaks, strictures, and stone disease. Compared to deceased donor liver transplantation in adults, living donor liver transplantation is plagued by a higher rate of biliary complications. These may be promoted by multiple risk factors related to recipient, graft, operative factors and post-operative course. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is the first-choice examination when a biliary complication is suspected following LT, in order to diagnose and to plan the optimal therapy; its limitations include a low sensitivity for the detection of biliary sludge. For treating anastomotic strictures, balloon dilatation complemented with the temporary placement of multiple simultaneous plastic stents has become the standard of care and results in stricture resolution with no relapse in > 90% of cases. Temporary placement of fully covered self-expanding metal stents(FCSEMSs) has not been demonstrated to be superior(except in a pilot randomized controlled trial that used a special design of FCSEMSs), mostly because of the high migration rate of current FCSEMSs models. The endoscopic approach of non-anastomotic strictures is technically more difficult than that of anastomotic strictures due to the intrahepatic and/or hilar location of strictures, and the results are less satisfactory. For treating biliary leaks, biliary sphincterotomy and transpapillary stenting is the standard approach and results in leak resolution in more than 85% of patients. Deep enteroscopy is a rapidly evolving technique that has allowed successful treatment of patients who were not previously amenable to endoscopic therapy. As a result, the percutaneous and surgical approaches are currently required in a minority of patients. | Carlos Macías-Gómez Jean-Marc Dumonceau | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，6： | 25 |
| 4 | Role of microRNAs in alcohol-induced liver disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple physiological and pathological functions through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence has established a role for miRNAs in the development and pathogenesis of liver disease. Specifically, a large number of studies have assessed the role of miRNAsin alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), two diseases that share common underlying mechanisms and pathological characteristics. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and update the body of literature investigating the role of miRNAs in liver disease. In addition, the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets is discussed. Among all miRNAs analyzed, miR-34 a, miR-122 and miR-155 are most involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Of note, these three miRNAs have also been implicated in ALD, reinforcing a common disease mechanism between these two entities and the pleiotropic effects of specific miRNAs. Currently, no single miRNA or panel of miRNAs has been identified for the detection of, or staging of ALD or NAFLD. While promising results have been shown in murine models, no therapeutic based-miRNA agents have been developed for use in humans with liver disease. | Jorge-Luis Torres Ignacio Novo-Veleiro Laura Manzanedo Lucía Alvela-Suárez Ronald Macías Francisco-Javier Laso Miguel Marcos | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，36： | 19 |
| 5 | Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to predict esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To validate whether the platelet count/spleen size ratio can be used to predict the presence of esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis.METHODS:This was an analytical cross-sectional study to validate the diagnostic test for hepatic cirrhosis and was performed between February 2010 and December 2011.Patients with a diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis were included and stratified using their ChildPugh score.Biochemical parameters were evaluated,and ultrasound was used to measure the longest diameter of the spleen.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was calculated and analyzed to determine whether it can predict the presence of esophageal varices.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used as the gold standard.Sensitivity and specificity,positive and negative predictive values,and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined,with the cutoff points determined by receiver-operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:A total of 91 patients were included.The mean age was 53.75±12 years;50(54.9%)were men,and 41(45.0%)women.The etiology of cirrhosis included alcohol in 48(52.7%),virally induced in24(26.3%),alcoholism plus hepatitis C virus in three(3.2%),cryptogenic in nine(9.8%),and primary biliary cirrhosis in seven(7.6%).Esophageal varices were present in 73(80.2%)patients.Child-Pugh classification,17(18.6%)patients were classified as class A,37(40.6%)as class B,and 37(40.6%)as class C.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to detect esophageal varices independent of the grade showed using a cutoff value of≤884.3,had 84%sensitivity,70%specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of 94%and 40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio may be a useful tool for detecting esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. | Alejandro González-Ojeda Gabino Cervantes-Guevara Manuela Chávez-Sánchez Carlos Dávalos-Cobián Susana Ornelas-Cázares Michel Dassaejv Macías-Amezcua Mariana Chávez-Tostado Kenia Militzi Ramírez-Campos Anaís del Rocío Ramírez-Arce Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，8： | 18 |
| 6 | 采用同伴推动抽样法进行男男性接触人群HIV/STD流行病学调查的探索显示文摘目的探索同伴推动抽样法(Respondent driven sampling,RDS)在我国男男性接触(MSM)人群调查的可行性。方法使用RDS对北京市MSM进行抽样调查及血清学检测,了解他们艾滋病病毒(HIV)、性病感染状况及行为特点;采用RDSAT软件进行统计分析,NETDRAW和EXCEL作图。结果共征募MSM 325人,其中35岁以下占90.5%,未婚占83.0%(95%CI:76.4~88.9),外地户籍为61.9%(95%CI:54.0~70.1);HIV感染率为0.4%(95%CI:0.1~0.5),梅毒抗体阳性率为13.7%(95%CI:9.1~19.0),梅毒RPR阳性率6.0%(95%CI:3.8~8.7);56.2%(95%CI:50.0~65.0)为男性性取向,88.9%首次性行为年龄≤24岁,56.3%(95%CI:49.5~64.0)半年内有≥2个性伴,近6个月无保护插入性肛交为51.8%(95%CI:44.0~59.4),无保护被插入性肛交为44.8%(95%CI:37.2~52.3)。结论RDS简便易行,无需过多凋查员投入前期准备工作,实为开展隐匿人群调查的行之有效的方法之一。北京市MSM人群HIV感染率可能处于低水平.但存在HIV行隐患。 | 马小燕 张启云 赵金扣 贺雄 杜辉 孙卫东 张琴 郭雅琦 Mac Farland Willi | 2007 | 中国艾滋病性病2007，13，4： | 18 |
| 7 | New advances on glial activation in health and disease显示文摘In addition to being the support cells of the central nervous system(CNS), astrocytes are now recognized as active players in the regulation of synaptic function, neural repair, and CNS immunity. Astrocytes are among the most structurally complex cells in the brain, and activation of these cells has been shown in a wide spectrum of CNS injuries and diseases. Over the past decade, research has begun to elucidate the role of astrocyte activation and changes in astrocyte morphology in the progression of neural pathologies, which has led to glial-specific interventions for drug development. Future therapies for CNS infection, injury,and neurodegenerative disease are now aimed at targeting astrocyte responses to such insults including astrocyte activation, astrogliosis and other morphological changes, and innate and adaptive immune responses. | Kim Mai Lee Andrew G Mac Lean | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，2： | 13 |
| 8 | SIRT1 plays a neuroprotective role in traumatic brain injury in rats via inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway显示文摘创伤的大脑损害(TBI ) 在经历创伤的损害的病人是残疾和死亡的一个主要原因。Mitochondrial 机能障碍是处于联系 TBI 的大脑损坏贡献第二等的损害的主要因素之一。在 TBI 以后的损害 mitochondrial 功能的证据是,但是位于 TBI 的致病下面的分子的机制不是理解的井。沉默信息管理者家庭蛋白质 1 (SIRT1 ) , NAD +-dependent 蛋白质 deacetylases 的一个成员,被显示了在各种各样的病理的动物模型展出 neuroprotective 活动包括 ischemic 大脑损害, subarachnoid 出血和几 neurodegenerative 疾病。在这研究,我们调查了是否 SIRT1 也施加 neuroprotective 效果 post-TBI,并且推进探索了涉及 TBI 的可能的规章的机制致病。一个侧面的液体敲打(LFP ) 大脑损害模型在老鼠被建立模仿 TBI 的侮辱。SIRT1, p-p38,劈开的 caspase-9 和劈开的 caspase-3 的表示层次都显著地在 12 h post-TBI 被增加并且到达最大值。另外, mitochondrial 功能被损害,由肿、不规则地塑造的线粒体的存在证实了与破坏了并且糟糕定义 cristae, neuronal ATP 内容的有低 m 的神经原的百分比的相对增加, mPTP 的开始,和减少,特别在 12 h post-TBI。有 SIRT1 禁止者 sirtinol 的预告的处理(10 mg/kg, ip ) 导致了 p-p38 激活,加重了 mitochondrial 损坏,并且支持了 mitochondrial apoptosis 小径的激活。相反,有 p38 禁止者 SB203580 的预告的处理(200 g/kg, ip ) 两个的显著地稀释的 post-TBI-induced 表示劈开 caspase-9 并且劈开 caspase-3 和 mitochondrial 损坏,而它没在 SIRT1 上有效果表示。一起,这些结果表明在 TBI 以后的 12 h 可以是第二等的损坏在发生的一关键时间;SIRT1 表示的激活和 p38 MAPK 小径的抑制可以在阻止第二等的损坏 post-TBI 起一个 neuroprotective 作用。为这个原因, SIRT1 和 p38 是可能的是重要目标阻止第二等的损坏 post-TBI。 | Hong YANG Zheng-tao GU Li LI Mac MAEGELE Bi-ying ZHOU Feng LI Ming ZHAO Ke-sen ZHAO | 2017 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2017，38，2： | 13 |
| 9 | Clinical assessment and management of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver fibrosis.This review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,analyzing the currently available literature.In the assessment of NAFLD patients,it is important to identify clinical,genetic,and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its progression.To properly detect fibrosis,it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores,followed by a complementary imaging study(transient elastography,magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse)and finally a liver biopsy,when needed.To help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review,describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver fibrosis.Finally,treatment should always include diet and exercise,as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome,+/-vitamin E,considering the presence of sleep apnea,and when available,allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical trials.The final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis. | Alejandro Campos-Murguía Astrid Ruiz-Margáin JoséA González-Regueiro Ricardo U Macías-Rodríguez | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，39： | 12 |
| 10 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels and premature cognitive impairment/dementia in type 2 diabetes显示文摘AIM To assess the relationship of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The study included 40 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2(DM2), 37 patients with chronic kidney disease in hem dialysis hemodialysis therapy(HD) and 40 healthy subjects. BDNF in serum was quantified by ELISA. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination was used to evaluate cognitive impairment.RESULTS The patients with DM2 and the patients in HD were categorized into two groups, with cognitive impairment and without cognitive impairment. The levels of BDNF showed significant differences between patients with DM2(43.78 ± 9.05 vs 31.55 ± 10.24, P = 0.005). There were no differences between patients in HD(11.39 ± 8.87 vs 11.11 ± 10.64 P = 0.77); interestingly, ferritin levels were higher in patients with cognitive impairment(1564 ± 1335 vs 664 ± 484 P = 0.001). The comparison of BDNF values, using a Kruskal Wallis test, between patients with DM2, in HD and healthy controls showed statistical differences(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Low levels of BDNF are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with DM2. The decrease of BDNF occurs early and progressively in patients in HD. | Blanca Murillo Ortíz Joel Ramírez Emiliano Edna Ramos-Rodríguez Sandra Martínez-Garza Hilda Macías-Cervantes Sergio Solorio-Meza Texar Alfonso Pereyra-Nobara | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，20： | 7 |
| 11 | Emergency department procedural sedation for primary electrical cardioversion — a comparison with procedural sedations for other reasons显示文摘BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia treated in the emergency department(ED), with primary electrical cardioversion(PEC) the preferred method of rhythm control. Anecdotally, patients undergoing ED procedural sedation(EDPS) for PEC differ from those requiring EDPS for other procedures: they are at higher risk of adverse events, and require fewer drugs and lower doses. We attempt to verify this using an EDPS registry at a Canadian, tertiary care teaching hospital.METHODS: This is a retrospective review of patients that underwent EDPS for the period of June 2006 to September 2014. We compared demographics, medication use and intra-procedural adverse events between those receiving EDPS for PEC for AF compared to that for other indications. We report the asssociation between AEs and predictors using logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 4 867 patients were included, 714 for PEC for AF and 4 153 for other indications. PEC patients were more likely male(58.5% vs. 47.1%), older(59.5 years vs. 48.1 years), and less likely to be ASA I(46.6% vs. 69.0%). PEC patients received smaller doses of propofol and less likely to receive adjuvant analgesic therapy(11.5% vs. 78.2%). PEC patients were more likely to experience hypotension(27.6% vs. 16.5%) but respiratory AEs(apnea, hypoxia and airway intervention) were not different.CONCLUSION: EDPS for PEC differs from that conducted for other purposes: patients tend to be less healthy, receive smaller doses of medication and more likely to suffer hypotension without an increase in respiratory AEs. These factors should be considered when performing EDPS. | Michael Butler Patrick Froese Peter Zed George Kovacs Robert Mac Kinley Kirk Magee Mary-Lynn Watson Samuel G.Campbell | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，3： | 6 |
| 12 | Relationship between Th17 immune response and cancer显示文摘Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and epidemiological projections predict growing cancer mortality rates in the next decades.Cancer has a close relationship with the immune system and,although Th17 cells are known to play roles in the immune response against microorganisms and in autoimmunity,studies have emphasized their roles in cancer pathogenesis.The Th17 immune response profile is involved in several types of cancer including urogenital,respiratory,gastrointestinal,and skin cancers.This type of immune response exerts pro and antitumor functions through several mechanisms,depending on the context of each tumor,including the protumor angiogenesis and exhaustion of T cells and the antitumor recruitment of T cells and neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment.Among other factors,the paradoxical behavior of Th17 cells in this setting has been attributed to its plasticity potential,which makes possible their conversion into other types of T cells such as Th17/Treg and Th17/Th1 cells.Interleukin(IL)-17 stands out among Th17-related cytokines since it modulates pathways and interacts with other cell profiles in the tumor microenvironment,which allow Th17 cells to prevail in tumors.Moreover,the IL-17 is able to mediate pro and antitumor processes that influence the development and progression of various cancers,being associated with variable clinical outcomes.The understanding of the relationship between the Th17 immune response and cancer as well as the singularities of carcinogenic processes in each type of tumor is crucial for the identification of new therapeutic targets. | Hanna Santos Marques Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Antônio França da Silva Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Júlio César Braga de Souza Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia Luana Weber Lopes Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres Rafael Santos Dantas Miranda Dórea Anna Carolina Saúde Dantas Lorena Lôbo Brito Morbeck Iasmin Souza Lima Amanda Alves de Almeida Maiara Raulina de Jesus Dias Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，10： | 5 |
| 13 | 1989-1994年中国脊髓灰质炎病毒的分子流行病学显示文摘1989~1994年中国发生的脊髓灰质炎流行,疫情开始集中于华东、中南地区,后期趋于南部沿海一带。对近百份来自18个省、市、自治区脊灰病毒流行期间标本的分子生物学特征分析,发现流行主要由脊灰病毒Ⅰ型野毒株引起,未发现Ⅱ型野毒株,但1993年在新疆分离到1株Ⅲ型野毒株。Ⅰ型野毒株中共存在4个基因型病毒,其中CHNP1-R91型病毒为这几年流行中新产生的重组病毒,在VP1/2A区含有一段疫苗株序列,另一段野毒株序列很可能来自CHNP1-JX89型病毒。这两个基因型病毒分布在全国大部份地区。病毒核酸的亲缘关系研究还证明,92~94年流行在南方沿海一带的脊髓灰质炎,主要由91年产生的重组病毒引起。此研究揭示了各地区、各基因型病毒与疫情之间的流行病学关系及传播模式。 | 郑渡平 张礼璧 侯晓辉 朱宏 Mac Otten David R Kilpatnck Mark Pallansch Olen M Kew | 1995 | 病毒学报1995，11，4： | 4 |
| 14 | Nutritional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent primary liver cancer and presents together with cirrhosis in most cases.In addition to commonly recognized risk factors for HCC development,such as hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infection,age and alcohol/tobacco consumption,there are nutritional risk factors also related to HCC development including high intake of saturated fats derived from red meat,type of cooking(generation of heterocyclic amines)and contamination of foods with aflatoxins.On the contrary,protective nutritional factors include diets rich in fiber,fruits and vegetables,n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coffee.While the patient is being evaluated for staging and treatment of HCC,special attention should be paid to nutritional support,including proper nutritional assessment and therapy by a multidisciplinary team.It must be considered that these patients usually develop HCC on top of long-lasting cirrhosis,and therefore they could present with severe malnutrition.Cirrhosisrelated complications should be properly addressed and considered for nutritional care.In addition to traditional methods,functional testing,phase angle and computed tomography scan derived skeletal muscle index-L3 are among the most useful tools for nutritional assessment.Nutritional therapy should be centered on providing enough energy and protein to manage the increased requirements of both cirrhosis and cancer.Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids is also recommended as it improves response to treatment,nutritional status and survival,and finally physical exercise must be encouraged and adapted to individual needs. | Astrid Ruiz-Margáin Berenice M Román-Calleja Paulina Moreno-Guillén JoséA González-Regueiro DeyaniraKúsulas-Delint Alejandro Campos-Murguía Nayelli C Flores-García Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2021，13，10： | 4 |
| 15 | Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Aromatic Amide Derivatives Containing Sulfide and Sulfone Substructures显示文摘In recent years,the damage caused by soil nematodes has become increasingly serious;however,the varieties and structures of the nematicides available on the market are deficient.Fluopyram,a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI)fungicide developed by Bayer AG in Germany,has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil nematodes due to its high efficiency and novel mechanism of action.In this paper,two series of novel target compounds were designed and synthesized with nematicidal and fungicidal fluopyram as the molecular skeleton in order to introduce sulfide and sulfone substructures.The structures were identified and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),13C NMR,and high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRMS).The bioassays revealed that most of the compounds showed excellent nematicidal activities at 200 lgmL-1 in comparison with fluopyram,while the nematode mortality rate dropped sharply at 100μg·mL-1,except for compounds I-11 and II-6.In terms of fungicidal activity,compound I-9 was discovered to have an excellent inhibitory rate,and a molecular docking simulation was performed that can provide important guidance for the design and exploration of efficient fungicidal lead compounds. | Xuewen Hua Nannan Liu Sha Zhou Leilei Zhana Hao Yin Guiqing Wang Zhijin Fan Yi Mac | 2020 | Engineering2020，6，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Low phase angle is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘AIM Evaluate the association between phase angle and the development of hepatic encephalopathy in the longterm follow-up of cirrhotic patients.METHODS This was a prospective cohort study. Clinical, nutritional and biochemical evaluations were performed. MannWhitney's U and χ2 tests were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional Hazards analysis were used to evaluate the prediction and incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.RESULTS Two hundred and twenty were included; the most frequent etiology of cirrhosis was hepatitis C infection, 52% of the patients developed hepatic encephalopathy(18.6% covert and 33.3% overt); the main precipitating factors were infections and variceal bleeding. KaplanMeier curves showed a higher proportion of HE in the group with low phase angle(39%) compared to the normal phase angle group(13%)(P = 0.012). Furthermore, creatinine and phase angle remained independently associated to hepatic encephalopathy in the Cox regression multivariate analysis [hazard ratio = 1.80(1.07-3.03)]. CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients low phase angle was associated with an increased incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Phase angle is a useful nutritional marker that evaluates cachexia and could be used as a part of the integral assessment in patients with cirrhosis. | Astrid Ruiz-Margáin Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez Javier Ampuero Francisco Javier Cubero Luis Chi-Cervera Silvia L Ríos-Torres Andrés Duarte-Rojo Ángeles Espinosa-Cuevas Manuel Romero-Gómez Aldo Torre | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，45： | 4 |
| 17 | Celecoxib enhances the detoxification of diethylnitrosamine in rat liver cancer显示文摘AIM:To study the effect of celecoxib(CXB) on diethylnitrosamine activation through the regulation of cytochrome P450 in a hepatocarcinogenesis model.METHODS:Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into fi ve groups,a non-treated group(NT) ,a diethylnitrosamine-treated group(DEN) ,a DEN+CXB-treated group(DEN+CXB) ,and CXB 8 d-treated and CXB 32 d-treated groups.The effects of celecoxib on the enzymatic activities of CYP1A1,2A,2B1/2,and 2E1 were assessed in hepatic microsomes 24 h after DEN administration.Changes in CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2 protein expression were also evaluated.The rate of DEN metabolism was measured by the production of the deethylation metabolite acetaldehyde,and the denitrosation metabolite nitrite.RESULTS:DEN+CXB administration produced a significant increase in the enzymatic activities of CYP2B1/2 and 1A1,whereas it did not change the activities of CYP2A and 2E1,compared to that of the DEN group.CXB treatment for eight days did not produce a signif icant effect on enzymatic activity when compared to the NT group;however,when it was administered for prolonged times(CXB 32 d group) ,the enzymatic activities were increased in a similar pattern to those in the DEN+CXB group.The observed increase in the enzymatic activities in the DEN+CXB group was accompanied by an increase in the CYP2B1/2 protein levels;no changes were observed in the levels of CYP1A1.In vitro,CXB increased the denitrosation of DEN,a pathway of metabolic detoxification.The addition of SKF-525A,a preferential inhibitor of CYP2B,abrogated the denitrosation of DEN.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the mechanism of action of CXB involves enhancement of the detoxif ication of DEN by an increasing denitrosation via CYP2B1/2. | Martha Estela Salcido-Neyoy Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo Olga Beltrán-Ramírez José Roberto Macías-Pérez Saúl Villa-Trevio | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，19： | 3 |
| 18 | Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil显示文摘 | Christoph Steiner Wenceslau G. Teixeira Johannes Lehmann Thomas Nehls Jeferson Luis Vasconcelos Macêdo Winfried E. H. Blum Wolfgang Zech | 2007 | Plant and Soil2007，，1： | 2 |
| 19 | How often are angiotentensin Ⅱ and aldosterrone concentrations raised during chronic ACEinhibitortreatment in cardiacfailure显示文摘 | MAC FADYEN R J LEE A F MORTON J J | 1999 | Heart1999，82，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in Zambia显示文摘A comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in Zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria control.This review considered data from the National Health Information Management System,Malaria Surveys and Programme Review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all ages.Data showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria reduction(66%)in in-patient cases and deaths,particularly between 2000-2008.These changes occurred following the(re-)introduction and expansion of indoor residual spraying up to 90%coverage,scale-up of coverage of long-lasting insecticidetreated nets in household from 50%to 70%,and artemisin-based combination therapy nationwide.However,malaria cases and deaths re-surged,increasing in 2009-2010 in the northern-eastern parts of Zambia.Delays in the disbursement of funds affected the implementation of interventions,which resulted in resurgence of cases and deaths.In spite of a decline in malaria disease burden over the past decade in Zambia,a reversal in impact is notable in the year 2009-2010,signifying that control gains are fragile and must be sustained toeliminate malaria. | Freddie Masaninga Emmanuel Chanda Pascalina Chanda-Kapata Busiku Hamainza Hieronymo T Masendu Mulakwa Kamuliwo Wambinji Kapelwa John Chimumbwa John Govere Mac Otten Ibrahima Soce Fall Olusegun Babaniyi | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，2： | 2 |
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