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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | Transgenic canola and soybean seeds with increased lysine显示文摘 | Falco S C Cuisa T Locke M | 1995 | Bio Technol1995，13，： | 1 |
| 3 | Current practice in autologous fat transplantation: suggested clinical guidelines based on a review of recent literature显示文摘 | LOCKE M B de CHALAIN T M | 2008 | Ann Plast Surg2008，60，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Dietary decontaminated fish oil has no negative impact on fish performance,flesh quality or production-related diseases in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)显示文摘 | Lock E.J Fjelldal P.G Torstensen B.E Bjornevik M Breck O Johansen J Reynolds P Sigholt T Joerum N Jakobsen J.V Ruohonen K Waagbo R Berntssen M.H.G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Immunotherapy strategies for multiple myeloma: the present and the future 显示文摘 | Locke FL Nishihori T Alsina M | 2013 | Immunotherapy2013，5，9： | 1 |
| 6 | 5 years显示文摘 | Ehlinger M Adam P Moser T Type C periprosthetic fractures treated with locking plate fixation with a mean follow up of 2 | 2010 | Orthop Traumatol Surg Res2010，96，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Tissue -specific expression of inducible and constitutive HspT0 isoforms in the western painted turtle 显示文摘 | Scott M A~ Locke M Buck L T | 2003 | J Exp Biol2003，206，： | 1 |
| 8 | Transgenic canola and soybean seeds with increased lysine 显示文摘 | Falco S C Guida T Locke M | 1995 | Biol Techn1995，13，： | 1 |
| 9 | Transgenic canola and soybean seeds with increased lysine 显示文摘 | Falco S C Guida T Locke M | 1995 | Bio/Technology1995，13，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Inadvertent administration of positive end-distending pressure during nasal cannula flow显示文摘 | LOCKE R G WOLFSON M R SHAFLER T H | 1993 | Pediatrics1993，91，： | 1 |
| 11 | Nutrient mitigation capacity in Mississippi Delta, USA drainage ditches显示文摘 | Moore M T KrUger R Locke M A | 2010 | Environmental Pollution2010，158，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Transgenic canola and soybean seeds with increased lysine 显示文摘 | Falco S C Cuisa T Locke M | 1995 | Bio-Technology1995，13，： | 1 |
| 13 | Current practice in autologous fat transplantation: suggested clinical guidelines based on a review of recent literature显示文摘 | LOCKE M B de CHALAIN T M | 2008 | Ann Plast Surg2008，60，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Reactiondiffusion analysis of the effects of temperature on high-energy phos- phate dynamics in goldfish skeletal muscle 显示文摘 | Hubley M J Locke B R Moerland T S | 1997 | Journal of Experimental Biology1997，200，： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of so|vation on the acid/base properties of glycine显示文摘 | LOCKE M J MCIVER R T | 1983 | J Am Chem Soc1983，105，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Increase in bet a cell mass in transplant ed por- cine neonat al pancreatic cell clusters is due t o prolif erat ion of bet a cells and differentiation of duct cells 显示文摘 | T rivedi N Hollister Lock J Lopez Avalos M D | 2001 | Endocrino12001，142，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Evaluating the influence of wetland vegetation on chemical residence time in Mississippi Delta drainage ditches显示文摘 | Kroger R Moore M T Locke M A | 2009 | Agricultural Water Management2009，96，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Determination of Bromoxynil octanoate in Mixture Formulation by HPLC显示文摘 | Moorman T B Locke M A | 1992 | Weed Sci1992，40，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Influence of three aquatic macro- phytes on mitigation of nitrogen species from agricultural runoff 显示文摘 | Tyler H L Moore M T Locke M A | 2012 | Water Air & Soil Pollution2012，223，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Nutrient mitigation capacity in Mississippi Delta, USA drainage ditches 显示文摘 | Moore M T KR GER R Locke M A | 2010 | Environmental Pollution2010，158，1： | 1 |
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