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| 1 | Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion显示文摘The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan,China has posed a serious threat to global public health.To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics,the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined.Therefore,we herein established a SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein-mediated cell-cell fusion assay and found that SARS-CoV-2 showed a superior plasma membrane fusion capacity compared to that of SARS-CoV.We solved the X-ray crystal structure of six-helical bundle(6-HB)core of the HR1 and HR2 domains in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein S2 subunit revealing that several mutated amino acid residues in the HR1 domain may be associated with enhanced interactions with the HR2 domain.We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor,EK1,which targeted the HR!domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested,including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.Here we generated a series of lipopeptides derived from EK1 and found that EK1C4 was the most potent fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated membrane fusion and pseudovirus infection with IC50s of 1.3 and 15.8 nM,about 241-and 149-fold more potent than the original EK1 peptide,respectively.EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested,including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV,as well as SARSr-CoVs,and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined,including SARS-CoV-2.Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection,suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. | Shuai Xia Meiqin Liu Chao Wang Wei Xu Qiaoshuai Lan Siliang Feng Feifei Qi Linlin Bao Lanying Du Shuwen Liu Chuan Qin Fei Sun Zhengli Shi Yun Zhu Shibo Jiang Lu Lu | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，4： | 81 |
| 2 | Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19显示文摘Background:Since December 2019,an outbreak of the Corona Virus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)in Wuhan,China,has become a public health emergency of international concern.The high fatality of aged cases caused by SARS-CoV-2 was a need to explore the possible age-related phenomena with non-human primate models.Methods:Three 3-5 years old and two 15 years old rhesus macaques were intratracheally infected with SARS-CoV-2,and then analyzed by clinical signs,viral replication,chest X-ray,histopathological changes and immune response.Results:Viral replication of nasopharyngeal swabs,anal swabs and lung in old monkeys was more active than that in young monkeys for 14 days after SARS-CoV-2 challenge.Monkeys developed typical interstitial pneumonia characterized by thickened alveolar septum accompanied with inflammation and edema,notably,old monkeys exhibited diffuse severe interstitial pneumonia.Viral antigens were detected mainly in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages.Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe interstitial pneumonia in old monkeys than that in young monkeys.Rhesus macaque models infected with SARS-CoV-2 provided insight into the pathogenic mechanism and facilitated the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Pin Yu Feifei Qi Yanfeng Xu Fengdi Li Peipei Liu Jiayi Liu Linlin Bao Wei Deng Hong Gao Zhiguang Xiang Chong Xiao Qi Lv Shuran Gong Jiangning Liu Zhiqi Song Yajin Qu Jing Xue Qiang Wei Mingya Liu Guanpeng Wang Shunyi Wang Haisheng Yu Xing Liu Baoying Huang Wenling Wang Li Zhao Huijuan Wang Fei Ye Weimin Zhou Wei Zhen Jun Han Guizhen Wu Qi Jin Jianwei Wang Wenjie Tan Chuan Qin | 2020 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2020，3，1： | 22 |
| 3 | CRISPR/Cas technology:a revolutionary approach for genome engineering显示文摘Precision genome editing tools are invaluable for biology,medicine and agriculture.With these tools we can determine the genetic basis underlying biological traits and processes,and then modify the genome of crops and livestock,model organisms,and even of patients,for phenotypic improvement,disease modeling and treatment.Site-specific nucleases provide a powerful and effective approach | ZHANG LinLin ZHOU Qi | 2014 | Science China(Life Sciences)2014，57，6： | 17 |
| 4 | Upregulation of annexin A5 affects the biological behaviors of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro显示文摘Annexin A5 is a Ca2?-dependent phospholipidbinding protein and protein kinase C inhibitory protein. It has a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of this protein in lung tumor tissues and subsequently established a NCI-H520 cell line that stably expresses the wild-type ANXA5 gene to determine the effects of annexin A5 upregulation on the cell morphology, proliferation and metastasis potential in vitro.The effects of annexin A5 on NCI-H520 cells were tested by crystal violet staining, CCK-8 assay, scratch wound assay, and Transwell assay. The expressions of Akt,PCNA, vimentin, and E-cadherin were examined by Western blot assay. In this study, we demonstrated that annexin A5 is expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Additionally, the upregulation of this protein may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of NCI-H520 cells in vitro. The transfected cells were arrested in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, and the expression levels of Akt, PCNA and Vimentin were downregulated, while E-cadherin was upregulated. | Linlin Gong Haoqi Zhao Lan Wang Bing Sun Lijun Yu Xiaoyu Qi Xin Zhou Liyuan Zhang Hongwei Guan Shujuan Shao | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，28： | 6 |
| 5 | An efficient and recyclable iron(III)-containing imidazolium salt catalyst for cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with alkyl halides显示文摘1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride, [DIPrim]Cl, was used to produce a novel iron(III)-containing imidazolium salt [DIPrim][FeCl 4 ], which included a N,N-diarylimidazolium cation (R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), [DIPrim] + , and tetrachloroferrate(III) anion, [FeCl 4 ]. This compound was an effective and easy-to-use catalyst for the cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with primary and secondary alkyl halides bearing -hydrogens. After simply decanting the cross-coupling product in the ether layer, [DIPrim][FeCl 4 ] could be reused in at least four successive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. | YAN ChunHui WANG LinLin GAO HuanHuan SUN HongMei SHEN Qi | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，16： | 4 |
| 6 | Sequential infection with H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 aggravated COVID-19 pathogenesis in a mammalian model, and covaccination as an effective method of prevention of COVID-19 and influenza显示文摘Influenza A virus may circulate simultaneously with the SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to more serious respiratory diseases during this winter.However,the influence of these viruses on disease outcome when both influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 are present in the host remains unclear.Using a mammalian model,sequential infection was performed in ferrets and in K18-MCE2 mice,with SARS-CoV-2 infection following H1N1.We found that co-infection with H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 extended the duration of clinical manifestation of COVID-19,and enhanced pulmonary damage,but reduced viral shedding of throat swabs and viral loads in the lungs of ferrets.Moreover,mortality was increased in sequentially infected mice compared with single-infection mice.Compared with singlevaccine inoculation,co-inoculation of PiCoVacc(a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine)and the flu vaccine showed no significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers or virus-specific immune responses.Combined immunization effectively protected K18-MCE2 mice against both H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Our findings indicated the development of systematic models of co-infection of H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2,which together notably enhanced pneumonia in ferrets and mice,as well as demonstrated that simultaneous vaccination against HINT and SARS-CoV-2 may be an effective prevention strategy for the coming winter. | Linlin Bao Wei Deng Feifei Qi Qi Lv Zhiqi Song Jiangning Liu Hong Gao Qiang Wei Pin Yu Yanfeng Xu Yajin Qu Fengdi Li Jing Xue Shuran Gong Mingya Liu Guanpeng Wang Shunyi Wang Binbin Zhao Bin Cong Chuan Qin | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，6： | 4 |
| 7 | SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates chronic comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in mice显示文摘Background:Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and diabetes mellitus(DM)are top two chronic comorbidities that increase the severity and mortality of COVID-19.However,how SARS-CoV-2 alters the progression of chronic diseases remain unclear.Methods:We used adenovirus to deliver h-ACE2 to lung to enable SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.SARS-CoV-2’s impacts on pathogenesis of chronic diseases were studied through histopathological,virologic and molecular biology analysis.Results:Pre-existing CVDs resulted in viral invasion,ROS elevation and activation of apoptosis pathways contribute myocardial injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Viral infection increased fasting blood glucose and reduced insulin response in DM model.Bone mineral density decreased shortly after infection,which associated with impaired PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.Conclusion:We established mouse models mimicked the complex pathological symptoms of COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.Pre-existing diseases could impair the inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection,which further aggravated the pre-existing diseases.This work provided valuable information to better understand the interplay between the primary diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Yuanwu Ma Dan Lu Linlin Bao Yajin Qu Jiangning Liu Xiaolong Qi Lei Yu Xu Zhang Feifei Qi Qi Lv Yunpeng Liu Xudong Shi Caixian Sun Jing Li Jie Wang Yunlin Han Kai Gao Wei Dong Ning Liu Shan Gao Jing Xue Qiang Wei Sidan Pan Hong Gao Lianfeng Zhang Chuan Qin | 2021 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2021，4，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to different temperatures显示文摘This study was designed to investigate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to different temperatures,to provide basic data and a scientific basis for the control of COVID-19 epidemic.The virus was dispersed in 1 mL basal DMEM medium at a final concentration of 103.2 TCID 50/mL and then incubated at 4,22,30,35,37,38,39 and 40°C for up to 5 days.The infectivity of residual virus was titrated using the Vero E6 cell line.The results showed that the virus remained viable for 5 days at 4°C,and for 1 day only at 22 and 30°C.We found that the infectivity of the virus was completely lost after less than 12 hours at 37,38 and 39°C,while at 40°C,the inactivation time of the virus was rapidly reduced to 6 hours.We show that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to heat,is more stable at lower temperatures than higher temperature,remains viable for longer at lower temperatures,and loses viability rapidly at higher temperatures. | Qi Lv Mingya Liu Feifei Qi Shuran Gong Shasha Zhou Shisheng Zhan Linlin Bao | 2020 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2020，3，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Aerosol optical depth retrieval from FY-3A/MERSI for sand-dust weather over ocean显示文摘 | ZHOU Yongbo BAI Jie ZHOU Zhuhua QI Linlin | 2014 | 遥感学报2014，18，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Integrated histopathological,lipidomic,and metabolomic profiles reveal mink is a useful animal model to mimic the pathogenicity of severe COVID-19 patients显示文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is transmitted on mink farms between minks and humans in many countries.However,the systemic pathological features of SARS-CoV-2-infected minks are mostly unknown.Here,we demonstrated that minks were largely permissive to SARS-CoV-2,characterized by severe and diffuse alveolar damage,and lasted at least 14 days post inoculation(dpi).We first reported that infected minks displayed multiple organ-system lesions accompanied by an increased inflammatory response and widespread viral distribution in the cardiovascular,hepatobiliary,urinary,endocrine,digestive,and immune systems.The viral protein partially co-localized with activated Mac-2+macrophages throughout the body.Moreover,we first found that the alterations in lipids and metabolites were correlated with the histological lesions in infected minks,especially at 6 dpi,and were similar to that of patients with severe and fatal COVID-19.Particularly,altered metabolic pathways,abnormal digestion,and absorption of vitamins,lipids,cholesterol,steroids,amino acids,and proteins,consistent with hepatic dysfunction,highlight metabolic and immune dysregulation.Enriched kynurenine in infected minks contributed to significant activation of the kynurenine pathway and was related to macrophage activation.Melatonin,which has significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects,was significantly downregulated at 6 dpi and displayed potential as a targeted medicine.Our data first illustrate systematic analyses of infected minks to recapitulate those observations in severe and fetal COVID-19 patients,delineating a useful animal model to mimic SARS-CoV-2-induced systematic and severe pathophysiological features and provide a reliable tool for the development of effective and targeted treatment strategies,vaccine research,and potential biomarkers. | Zhiqi Song Linlin Bao Wei Deng Jiangning Liu Erjun Ren Qi Lv Mingya Liu Feifei Qi Ting Chen Ran Deng Fengdi Li Yunpeng Liu Qiang Wei Hong Gao Pin Yu Yunlin Han Wenjie Zhao Junjun Zheng Xujian Liang Fuhe Yang Chuan Qin | 2022 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2022，7，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Sequential immunizations confer cross-protection against variants of SARS-CoV-2,including Omicron in Rhesus macaques显示文摘Variants of concern(VOCs)like Delta and Omicron,harbor a high number of mutations,which aid these viruses in escaping a majority of known SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies(NAbs).In this study,Rhesus macaques immunized with 2-dose inactivated vaccines(Coronavac)were boosted with an additional dose of homologous vaccine or an RBD-subunit vaccine,or a bivalent inactivated vaccine(Beta and Delta)to determine the effectiveness of sequential immunization.The booster vaccination significantly enhanced the duration and levels of neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type. | Wei Deng Qi Lv Fengdi Li Jiangning Liu Zhiqi Song Feifei Qi Qiang Wei Pin Yu Mingya Liu Shasha Zhou Yaqing Zhang Hong Gao Nan Wang Zijing Jia Kai Gao Jiayi Liu Chong Xiao Haiquan Shang Xiangxi Wang Linlin Bao Chuan Qin | 2022 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2022，7，5： | 2 |
| 12 | SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration显示文摘SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to show a capacity for invading the brains of humans and model animals.However,it remains undear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Herein,SARS-CoV-2 RNA was occasionally detected in the vascular wall and perivascular space,as well as in brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs)in the infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.Moreover,the permeability of the infected vessel was in creased.Furthermore,disin tegrity of BBB was discovered in the infected hamsters by administration of Evans blue.Interestingly,the expression of claudin5,ZO-1,occludin and the ultrastructure of tight junctions(TJs)showed unchanged,whereas,the basement membrane was disrupted in the infected animals.Using an in vitro BBB model that comprises primary BMECs with astrocytes,SARS-CoV-2 was found to infect and cross through the BMECs.Consistent with in vivo experiments,the expression of MMP9 was increased and collagen IV was decreased while the markers for TJs were not altered in the SARS-CoV-2-infected BMECs.Besides,inflammatory responses including vasculitis,glial activation,and upregulated inflammatory factors occurred after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Overall,our results provide evidence supporting that SARS-CoV-2 can cross the BBB in a transcellular pathway accompanied with basement membrane disrupted without obvious alteration of TJs. | Ling Zhang Li Zhou Linlin Bao Jiangning Liu Hua Zhu Qi Lv Ruixue Liu Wei Chen Wei Tong Qiang Wei Yanfeng Xu Wei Deng-Hong Gao Jing Xue Zhiqi Song Pin Yu Yunlin Han Yu Zhang Xiuping Sun Xuan Yu Chuan Qin | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，10： | 2 |
| 13 | Effect of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration on algal organic matter generation of the diatom Nitzschia palea:Total indicators and spectroscopic characterization显示文摘Critical algal blooms in great lakes increase the level of algal organic matters(AOMs),significantly altering the composition of natural organic matters(NOMs) in freshwater of lake.This study examined the AOM's characteristics of Nitzschia palea(N.palea),one kind of the predominant diatom and an important biomarker of water quality in the great lakes of China,to investigate the effect of AOMs on the variation of NOMs in lakes and the process of algal energy.Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence(EEM) spectroscopy,synchronous fluorescence(SF) spectroscopy and deconvolution UV–vis(D-UV) spectroscopy were utilized to characterize AOMs to study the effects of nutrient loading on the composition change of AOMs.From results,it was revealed that the phosphorus is the limiting factor for N.palea's growth and the generation of both total organic carbon and amino acids but the nitrogen is more important for the generation of carbohydrates and proteins.EEM spectra revealed differences in the composition of extracellular organic matter and intracellular organic matter.Regardless of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products were the main components,but the nitrogen concentration had a significant impact on their composition.The SF spectra were used to study the AOMs for the first time and identified that the protein-like substances were the major component of AOMs,creating as a result of aromatic group condensation.The D-UV spectra showed carboxylic acid and esters were the main functional groups in the EOMs,with –OCH_3,–SO_2NH_2,–CN,–NH_2,–O– and –COCH_3functional groups substituting into benzene rings. | Linlin Han Bingbing Xu Fei Qi Zhonglin Chen | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，9： | 2 |
| 14 | Therapeutic efficacy of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid(PDL)for COVID-19 in vitro and in vivo显示文摘Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),has rapidly swept through the worldwide,with more than 3 million confirmed cases.Until now,no vaccine or effective therapeutic measures are provided to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Existing medicines have some strong advantages on pharmacokinetics,known side effects,safety and dosing regimens.1 Although remdesivir and chloroquine could effectively inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro,2 no medicine candidates have been evaluated in vivo by using animal models with SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Wei Deng Yanfeng Xu Qi Kong Jing Xue Pin Yu Jiangning Liu Qi Lv Fengdi Li Qiang Wei Linlin Bao | 2020 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2020，5，1： | 2 |
| 15 | PD1^+CCR2^+CD8^+T Cells Infiltrate the Central Nervous System during Acute Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection显示文摘Japanese encephalitis(JE)is a viral encephalitis disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)infection.Uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the central nervous system(CNS)are a hallmark of severe JE.Although the CCR2-CCL2 axis is important for monocytes trafficking during JEV infection,little is known about its role in CNS trafficking of CD8^+T cells.Here,we characterized a mouse model of JEV infection,induced via intravenous injection(i.v.)and delineated the chemokines and infiltrating peripheral immune cells in the brains of infected mice.The CNS expression of chemokines,Ccl2,Ccl3,and Ccl5,and their receptors,Ccr2 or Ccr5.was significantly up-regulated after JEV infection and was associated with the degree of JE pathogenesis.Moreover,JEV infection resulted in the migration of a large number of CD8^+T cells into the CNS.In the brains of JEV-infected mice,infiltrating CD8^+T cells expressed CCR2 and CCR5 and were found to comprise mainly effector T cells(CD44^+CD62L_).JEV infection dramatically enhanced the expression of programmed death 1(PD-1)on infiltrating CD8^+T cells in the brain,as compared to that on peripheral CD8^+T cells in the spleen.This effect was more pronounced on infiltrating CCR2^+CD8^+T cells than on CCR2-CD8^+T cells.In conclusion,we identified a new subset of CD8^+T cells(PD1^+CCR2^+CD8^+T cells)present in the CNS of mice during acute JEV infection.These CD8^+T cells might play a role in JE pathogenesis. | Fang Zhang Linlin Qi Tong Li Xiaojing Li Dan Yang Shengbo Cao Jing Ye Bin Wei | 2019 | Virologica Sinica2019，34，5： | 2 |
| 16 | Mesoscale analysis and simulation of heavy rainfall in Shanghai urban area by using non-conventional data显示文摘In this paper, a local record severe rainfall since1949 occurring in the Shanghai urban area on 5-6 August,2001 is investigated by using non-conventional observationaldata provided by the '973' basic research project of China,including automatic meteorological stations data, wind pro-filer data, Doppler radar echoes and GMS5 satellite data andNCEP data. By analyzing, it is revealed: (1) the heavy rain-fall, caused by a serious of mesoscale βconvective cloudclusters developing inside the landing tropical depression(TD), occurred suddenly with the typical characteristics ofurban heavy rainfall disaster; (2) the landing tropical de-pression, moved eastward to Shanghai and re-intensifiedbefore entering the sea, was very favorable for the occur-rence of the heavy rainfall in Shanghai; (3) there may existsthe interaction of different scale systems between the tropicaldepression and mesoscale convective cloud clusters; and (4)the various advanced intensive data contribute importantlyto detect earlier and predict successfully the urban meteoro-logical disasters. | QI Linlin ZHAO Sixiong Institute of Atmospherie Physies. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100029, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，S2： | 2 |
| 17 | Research on Data Transmission Based on CC2530 of ZigBee显示文摘 | Linlin Cuia Yude Liub Wentian Shi Quan Gan Qi Liu | 2010 | 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Technology Application:92-942010，4，： | 1 |
| 18 | ACE2 expression is regulated by AhR in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques显示文摘During the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),more than 115 million people have been infected,and 2.5 million have died.1,2 Despite such great harm to human health,the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains unclear.As the first step in the pathogenetic process,viral entry is mediated by the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike(S)protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)on host cells,such as lung epithelial cells.As an alternative to S protein-blocking strategies,manipulating host cell ACE2 expression may exert an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,the molecular mechanism regulating ACE2 expression remains unclear. | Jiadi Lv Pin Yu Zhenfeng Wang Wei Deng Linlin Bao Jiangning Liu Fengli Li Qiangqiang Zhu Nannan Zhou Qi Lv Guanpeng Wang Shunyi Wang Yabo Zhou Jiangping Song Wei-Min Tong Yuying Liu Chuan Qin Bo Huang | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Protective effect of (±) Isoborneol against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells显示文摘 | LinLin T Zhou Zh Qi Zh | 2007 | Cell Physiol Bioehem2007，20，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Distinct functions of TiR1 and AFB1 receptors in auxin signaling显示文摘Dear Editor,Auxin is the major plant hormone regulating growth and development(Friml,2022).Forward genetic approaches have identified major components of auxin signaling and established the canonical mechanism mediating transcriptional and thus developmental reprogramming in Arabidopsis thaliana.In this textbook view,TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1(TIR1)/AUXIN-SIGNALING F-BOX(AFB)proteins are auxin receptors,which act as F-box subunits determining the substrate specificity of the Skp1-Cullin1-F box protein(SCF)type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.Auxin acts as a'molecular glue,'increasing the affinity between TIR1/AFBs and the Auxin/lndole-3-Acetic Acid(Aux/IAA)repressors.Subsequently,Aux/IAAs are ubiquitinated and degraded,thus releasing auxin transcription factors from their repression and making them free to mediate transcription of auxin response genes(Yu et al.,2022). | Huihuang Chen Lanxin Li Minxia Zou Linlin Qi Jiri Friml | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，7： | 1 |
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