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| 1 | SHEsis,a powerful software platform for analyses of linkage disequilibrium,haplotype construction,and genetic association at polymorphism loci显示文摘In multiloci-based genetic association studies of complex diseases, a powerful and high efficient tool for analyses oflinkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers, haplotype distributions and many chi-square/p values with a large numberof samples has been sought for long. In order to achieve the goal of obtaining meaningful results directly from raw data,we developed a robust and user-friendly software platform with a series of tools for analysis in association study withhigh efficiency. The platform has been well evaluated by several sets of real data. | Yong Yong SHI1,2, Lin HE2,3,*1Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai,China 3NHGG, Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，2： | 375 |
| 2 | Massive individual orbital angular momentum channels for multiplexing enabled by Dammann gratings显示文摘Data transmission rates in optical communication systems are approaching the limits of conventional multiplexing methods.Orbital angular momentum(OAM)in optical vortex beams offers a new degree of freedom and the potential to increase the capacity of free-space optical communication systems,with OAM beams acting as information carriers for OAM division multiplexing(OAM-DM).We demonstrate independent collinear OAM channel generation,transmission and simultaneous detection using Dammann optical vortex gratings(DOVGs).We achieve 80/160 Tbit s^(-1) capacity with uniform power distributions along all channels,with 1600 individually modulated quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK)/16-QAM data channels multiplexed by 10 OAM states,80 wavelengths and two polarizations.DOVG-enabled OAM multiplexing technology removes the bottleneck of massive OAM state parallel detection and offers an opportunity to raise optical communication systems capacity to Pbit s^(-1) level. | Ting Lei Meng Zhang Yuru Li Ping Jia Gordon Ning Liu Xiaogeng Xu Zhaohui Li Changjun Min Jiao Lin Changyuan Yu Hanben Niu Xiaocong Yuan | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 47 |
| 3 | UGT1A1 predicts outcome in colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and fluorouracil显示文摘AIM:To evaluate effects of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A1(UGT1A1) and thymidylate synthetase(TS) gene polymorphisms on irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).METHODS:Two irinotecan-and fluorouracil-based regimens,FOLFIRI and IFL,were selected as second-line therapy for 138 Chinese mCRC patients.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples before treatment.UGT1A1 and TS gene polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism,respectively.Gene polymorphisms of UGT1A1*28,UGT1A1*6 and promoter enhancer region of TS were analyzed.The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcome,that is,response,toxicity and survival were assessed.Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed in a subgroup patients based on different UGT1A1 genotypes.Plasma concentration of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 and inactive metabolite SN-38G were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Differences in irinotecan and its metabolites between UGT1A1 gene variants were compared.RESULTS:One hundred and eight patients received the FOLFIRI regimen,29 the IFL regimen,and one irinotecan monotherapy.One hundred and thirty patients were eligible for toxicity and 111 for efficacy evaluation.One hundred and thirty-six patients were tested for UGT1A1*28 and *6 genotypes and 125 for promoter enhancer region of TS.Patients showed a higher frequency of wild-type UGT1A1*28(TA6/6) compared with a Caucasian population(69.9% vs 45.2%).No significant difference was found between response rates and UGT1A1 genotype,although wild-type showed lower response rates compared with other variants(17.9% vs 24.2% for UGT1A1*28,15.7% vs 26.8% for UGT1A1*6).When TS was considered,the subgroup with homozygous UGT1A1*28(TA7/7) and non-3RG genotypes showed the highest response rate(33.3%),while wild-type UGT1A1*28(TA6/6) with non-3RG only had a 13.6% response rate,but no significant difference was found.Logistic regression showed treatment duration was closely linked to clinical response.In toxicity comparison,UGT1A1*28 TA6/6 was associated with lower incidence of grade 2-4 diarrhea(27.8% vs 100%),and significantly reduced the risk of grade 4 neutropenia compared with TA7/7(7.8% vs 37.5%).Wild-type UGT1A1*6(G/G) tended to have a lower incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea vs homozygous mutant(A/A) genotype(13.0% vs 40.0%).Taking UGT1A1 and TS genotypes together,lower incidence of grade 2-4 diarrhea was found in patients with non-3RG TS genotypes,when TA6/6 was compared with TA7/7(35.3% vs 100.0%).No significant association with time to progression(TTP) and overall survival(OS) was observed with either UGT1A1 or TS gene polymorphisms,although slightly longer TTP and OS were found with UGT1A1*28(TA6/6).Irinotecan PK was investigated in 34 patients,which showed high area under concentration curve(AUC) of irinotecan and SN-38,but low AUC ratio(SN-38G /SN-38) in those patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7.CONCLUSION:A distinct distribution pattern of UGT1A1 genotypes in Chinese patients might contribute to relatively low toxicity associated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in mCRC patients. | Yan Wang Lin Shen Nong Xu Jin-Wan Wang Shun-Chang Jiao Ze-Yuan Liu Jian-Ming Xu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，45： | 34 |
| 4 | Apoptosis and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses of Primary Mouse Microglia and Astrocytes Induced by Human H1N1 and Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses显示文摘Patients with an influenza virus infection can be complicated by acute encephalopathy and encephalitis. To investigate the immune reactions involved in the neurocomplication,mouse microglia and astrocytes were isolated,infected with human H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses,and examined for their immune responses. We observed homogeneously distributed viral receptors,sialic acid (SA)-α2,3-Galactose (Gal) and SA-α2,6-Gal,on microglia and astrocytes. Both viruses were replicative and productive in microglia and astrocytes. Virus-induced apoptosis and cytopathy in infected cells were observed at 24 h post-infection (p.i.). Expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA examined at 6 h and 24 h p.i. was up-regulated,and their expression levels were considerably higher in H5N1 infection. The amounts of secreted proinflammatory IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α at 6 h and 24 h p.i. were also induced,with greater induction by H5N1 infection. This study is the first demonstration that both human H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses can infect mouse microglia and astrocytes and induce apoptosis,cytopathy,and proinflammatory cytokine production in them in vitro. Our results suggest that the direct cellular damage and the consequences of immunopathological injury in the CNS contribute to the influenza viral pathogenesis. | Gefei Wang Juan Zhang Weizhong Li Yun Su Yuanli Gao Heng Zhang Guimei Lin Xiaoyang Jiao Kangsheng Li | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，2： | 28 |
| 5 | Mapping the vegetation distribution of the permafrost zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘In this paper,an updated vegetation map of the permafrost zone in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) was delineated.The vegetation map model was extracted from vegetation sampling with remote sensing(RS) datasets by decision tree method.The spatial resolution of the map is 1 km×1 km,and in it the alpine swamp meadow is firstly distinguished in the high-altitude areas.The results showed that the total vegetated area in the permafrost zone of the QTP is 1,201,751 km^2.In the vegetated region,50,260 km^2 is the areas of alpine swamp meadow,583,909 km^2 for alpine meadow,332,754 km^2 for alpine steppe,and 234,828 km^2 for alpine desert.This updated vegetation map in permafrost zone of QTP could provide more details about the distribution of alpine vegetation types for studying the vegetation mechanisms in the land surface processes of highaltitude areas. | WANG Zhi-wei WANG Qian ZHAO Lin WU Xiao-dong YUE Guang-yang ZOU De-fu NAN Zhuo-tong LIU Guang-yue PANG Qiang-qiang FANG Hong-bing WU Tong-hua SHI Jian-zong JIAO Ke-qin ZHAO Yong-hua ZHANG Le-le | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，6： | 26 |
| 6 | Phosphate removal and recovery through crystallization of hydroxyapatite using xonotlite as seed crystal显示文摘Xonotlite was synthesized and tested for phosphate removal and recovery from synthetic solution in a batch mode. The effects of pH, initial calcium concentration, bicarbonate concentration on phosphate removal through crystallization were examined. The morphology and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of xonotlite before and after crystallization confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The results indicated that the crystallization product had a very high P content (> 10%), which is comparable to phosphate rock at the dosage of 50-200 mg xonotlite per liter, with a maximum P content of 16.7%. The kinetics of phosphate removal followed the second-order reaction equation. The phosphate removal ability increased with increasing pH. The precipitation of calcium phosphate took place when pH was higher than 7.2, whereas the crystallization occurred at pH 6.0. A high calcium concentration could promote the removal of phosphate via crystallization, while a high bicarbonate concentration also enhanced phosphate removal, through that the pH was increased and thus induced the precipitation process. When xonotlite was used to remove phosphate from wastewater, the removal effciency could reach 91.3% after 24 h reaction, with removal capacity 137 mg/g. The results indicated that xonotlite might be used as an effective crystal seed for the removal and recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution. | CHEN Xuechu, KONG Hainan, WU Deyi, WANG Xinze, LIN Yongyong School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，5： | 24 |
| 7 | IFN-γ release assay: a diagnostic assistance tool of tuberculin skin test in pediatric tuberculosis in China显示文摘Mycobacterium 的背景迅速的诊断肺结核(鱼雷快艇) 感染是在肺结核控制和消除的必要的步。然而,精确地诊断小儿科的肺结核(TB ) 经常是困难的。因为,结核菌素测试( TST )可以有低特性与在 Mycobacterium bovis 杆菌 Calmette-Guerin ( BCG )和另外的 mycobacteria 在场的抗原跨反应,特别在有主要 种牛痘BCG 的 藏匿population.Early 的 antigenic 目标 6-kDa 的中国,蛋白质( ESAT-6 )和文化过滤蛋白质 10 ( CFP-10 ),作为导致 interferon-gamma (IFN-)的合适的抗原站出来 secreting ,对感染的 T-cell-mediated 有免疫力的反应。当时,考虑了IFN-版本试金( TSPOT )的更高的费用和复杂性,我们试图在小儿科的肺结核的临床的诊断评估 TSPOT 和 TST 测试并且建立对 China.Methods 合适的一个诊断过程试金的敏感和特性与另外的疾病与活跃肺结核和 51 个 nontuberculous 孩子在总数 74 孩子被评估,然后结果与 TST.Logistic 回归模型相比习惯于 identif 独立变量包括了性别,年龄,出生地方,种痘历史,有 TSPOT 的敏感是的活跃 TB patient.Results 的靠近的合同比在活跃 TB 孩子与或没有 BCG 种痘,以及在有证实文化的 TB 的孩子的 TST 高。但是差别不统计上是重要的。TSPOT 和 TST 的联合结果改进了敏感到 94.6% 。TST 和 TSPOT 的同意是低的(77.0% , k=0.203 ) 在活跃 TB 病人。在在 TSPOT 和 TST 测试之间的特性的差别是统计上重要的(94.1%vs.70.6% , P=0.006 ) 。没有优先的 BCG 种痘历史的病人的二测试的特性是类似的(80.0%vs.60.0%) 。在在 BCG 的二测试结果之间的词语索引种牛痘题目是低的(71.7% , k=0.063 ) 。为 TSPOT,任何一个都显著地没与积极结果包括的风险因素被联系。为 TST, BCG 种痘(OR:1.78;95% CI:1.30-2.00 ) 尽管 IFN- 版本试金有相对高的敏感和特性,显著地与积极 results.Conclusions 被联系,我们应该也考虑这测试的更高的费用和复杂性。因此,当有否定 TST 的一个怀疑的病人结果时, TSPOT 能在情形被用作 TST 的互补工具,或由 BCG 种痘引起了排除积极 TST 结果。 | SUN Lin YAN Hui-min HU Ying-hui JIAO Wei-wei GU Yi XIAO Jing LI Hui-min JIAO An-xia GUO Ya-jie SHEN A-dong | 2010 | Chinese Medical Journal2010，，20： | 21 |
| 8 | Signature motif-guided identification of receptors for peptide hormones essential for root meristem growth显示文摘发信号的调停肽的 cell-to-cell 在植物在细胞的功能的协作和定义有关键角色。肽受体匹配为理解位于调停肽的发信号下面的机制是重要的。这里,我们报导根分裂组织生长的指导结构的鉴定为植物开发重要的因素(RGF ) 受体。基于签名 ligand 识别,主题(Arg-x-Arg ) 在充满白氨酸的重复受体 kinases (LRR-RKs ) 的一个亚科保存了的试金识别了机能上地 uncharacterized LRR-RK At4g26540 作为 RGF1 (RGFR1 ) 的受体。我们进一步在 2.6 Å 的一个决定与 RGFR1 的 LRR 领域在建筑群解决了 RGF1 的水晶结构;,它表明 Arg-x-Gly-Gly (RxGG ) 主题为由 RGFR1 的 RGF1 的硫酸盐组的特定的识别负责。基于 RxGG 主题,我们识别了另外四 RGFR。在导致 RGF 的发信号的五 RGFR 的参予被生物化学、基因的数据支持。我们也提供证明 SERK 为 RGF 作为合作受体工作的证据。一起拿,我们的学习识别 RGF 受体,能连接 RGF 的合作受体与他们的下游的部件发信号并且为与他们的肽 ligands 的 LRR-RKs 的基于结构的匹配提供原则的一个证明。 | Wen Song Li Liu Jizong Wang Zhen Wu Heqiao Zhang Jiao Tang Guangzhong Lin Yichuan Wang Xing Wen Wenyang Li Zhifu Han Hongwei Guo Jijie Chai | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，6： | 20 |
| 9 | GRAIN INCOMPLETE FILLING 2 regulates grain filling and starch synthesis during rice caryopsis development显示文摘Rice grain filling determines grain weight,final yield and grain quality.Here,a rice defective grain filling mutant,gif2,was identified.Grains of gif2 showed a slower filling rate and a significant lower final grain weight and yield compared to wild-type.The starch content in gif2 was noticeably decreased and its physicochemical properties were also altered.Moreover,gif2 endosperm cells showed obvious defects in compound granule formation.Positional cloning identified GIF2 to encode an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP) large subunit,AGPL2;consequently,AGP enzyme activity in gif2 endosperms was remarkably decreased.GIF2 is mainly expressed in developing grains and the coded protein localizes in the cytosol.Yeast two hybrid assay showed that GIF2 interacted with AGP small subunits Os AGPS1,Os AGPS2a and Os AGPS2 b.Transcript levels for granule-bound starch synthase,starch synthase,starch branching enzyme and starch debranching enzyme were distinctly elevated in gif2 grains.In addition,the level of nucleotide diversity of the GIF2 locus was extremely low in both cultivated and wild rice.All of these results suggest that GIF2 plays important roles in the regulation of grain filling and starch biosynthesis during caryopsis development,and that it has been preserved during selection throughout domestication of modern rice. | Xiangjin Wei Guiai Jiao Haiyan Lin Zhonghua Sheng Gaoneng Shao Lihong Xie Shaoqing Tang Qingguo Xu Peisong Hu | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2017，59，2： | 20 |
| 10 | Gut microbiota contributes to the distinction between two traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of ulcerative colitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is considered to be closely associated with alteration of intestinal microorganisms.According to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,UC can be divided into two disease syndromes called Pi-Xu-Shi-Yun(PXSY)and Da-Chang-Shi-Re(DCSR).The relationships among gut microbiota,TCM syndromes,and UC pathogenesis have not been well investigated.AIM To investigate the role of gut microbiota in UC and the distinction of microbiota dysbiosis between PXSY and DCSR syndromes.METHODS From May 2015 to February 2016,UC patients presenting to LongHua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study.Fresh stool specimens of UC patients with PXSY or DCSR were collected.The feces of the control group came from the health examination population of Longhua Hospital.The composition of gut bacterial communities in stool samples was determined by the pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA.The high-throughput sequencing reads were processed with QIIME,and biological functions were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.RESULTS The composition of gut bacterial communities in 93 stool samples(30 healthy controls,32 patients with PXSY syndrome,and 31 patients with DCSR syndrome)was determined by the pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA.Beta diversity showed that the composition of the microbiota was different among the three groups.At the family level,Porphyromonadaceae,Rikeneliaceae,and Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased while Enterococcus,Streptococcus,and other potential pathogens significantly increased in UC patients compared to healthy subjects.At the genus level,Parabacteroides,Dorea,and Ruminococcus decreased while Faeca-libacterium showed increased abundance in UC compared to healthy controls.Five differential taxa were identified between PXSY and DCSR syndromes.At the genus level,a significantly increased abundance of Streptococcus was observed in DCSR patients,while Lachnoclostridium increased in PXSY patients.The differential functional pathways of the gut microbiome between the PXSY and DCSR groups mainly included lipid metabolism,immunity,and the metabolism of polypeptides.CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the distinction between the two TCM syndromes of UC. | Ya-Li Zhang Li-Ting Cai Jun-Yi Qi Yun-Zheng Lin Yan-Cheng Dai Na Jiao You-Lan Chen Lie Zheng Bei-Bei Wang Li-Xin Zhu Zhi-Peng Tang Rui-Xin Zhu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，25： | 19 |
| 11 | Suppression of human lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro by the transducer of ErbB-2.1 (TOB1)显示文摘瞄准: 在 vitro 在人的肺癌症房间的增长,迁居和侵略上调查 ErbB-2.1 (TOB1 ) 的变换器的效果。 | Yang JIAO Ke-kang SUN Lin ZHAO Jia-ying XU Li-li Wang Sai-jun FAN | 2012 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2012，33，2： | 18 |
| 12 | Predictive and prognostic value of serum AFP level and its dynamic changes in advanced gastric cancer patients with elevated serum AFP显示文摘AIM To investigate predictive and prognostic value of serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) level and its dynamic changes in patients with advanced gastric cancer with elevated serum AFP(AFPAGC).METHODS One hundred and five patients with AFPAGC were enrolled in the study, and all of them underwent at least one cycle of systemic chemotherapy at our institute and had serum AFP ≥ 20 ng/m L at diagnosis or recurrence. Clinicopathologic features, serum AFP level at diagnosis and changes during treatment, first-line chemotherapy regimens, efficacy and toxicity, and survival information were collected. A Person's χ~2 or Fisher's exact test was used to measure the differences between variables. Survival prognostic factors were investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.RESULTS Median serum AFP level was 161.7 ng/m L(range, 22.9-2557110 ng/m L). Objective response rates(ORR) was significantly lower in the AFP ≥ 160 ng/m L group than in the AFP < 160 ng/m L group(30.4% vs 68.3%, P < 0.001). ORR to doublet regimens was significantly lower in the AFP ≥ 160 ng/m L group, whereas ORR to triplet regimens was similar between the two groups. Liver metastasis rate was significantly higher in the AFP ≥ 160 ng/m L group than in the AFP < 160 ng/m L(69.8% vs 50.0%, P < 0.001). Overall survival(OS) in the two cohorts did not show any significant difference(P = 0.712). Dynamic changes of AFP were consistent with response to chemotherapy, and median OS of patients with a serum AFP decline ≥ 50% and those with a serum AFP decline < 50% was 17.5 m and 10.0 m, respectively(P = 0.003). Hepatic(P = 0.005), peritoneal(P < 0.001), non-regional lymph node metastasis(P < 0.001), and portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)(P = 0.042) were identified as independent prognostic factors for AFPAGC. CONCLUSION Real-time examination of AFP has great predictive and prognostic value for managing AFPAGC. For those with markedly elevated AFP, triplet regimens may be a better choice. | Ya-Kun Wang Lin Shen Xi Jiao Xiao-Tian Zhang | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，2： | 17 |
| 13 | Modification of MgO·Al_2O_3 spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment显示文摘The modification of MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment has been studied by industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations.In the industrial trials,samples were taken systematically during the refining process in which the molten steel was treated by calcium,and the characters of the inclusions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS).The effects of Ca-treatment were evaluated by tracking the compositions of the inclusions.The results show that the modification of MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment is effective and the transformation sequence of the inclusions during the refining is Al2O3 →MgO·Al2O3 →liquid complex inclusions.The modification of spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment was calculated by FactSage 6.0 utilizing its free-energy minimization routines.The results of thermodynamic calculations indicate that spinel inclusions are easier to be modified than Al2O3 inclusions and the spinel inclusions in 30CrMo steel would transform to liquid complex inclusions when the content of dissolved Ca in the molten steel exceeds 1×10-6.Also,the results show that adding more calcium into the molten steel would lower the contents of Al2O3 and MgO and increase the CaO content of the inclusions,while the change in SiO2 content is little. | Shu-feng Yang Jing-she Li Zai-fei Wang Jiao Li Lin Lin | 2011 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2011，18，1： | 15 |
| 14 | Reverse reconciliation for continuous variable quantum key distribution显示文摘An efficient and practical post-processing technique based on reverse reconciliation for continuous variable quantum key distribution is proposed and simulated with low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. MultiLevel Coding/ MultiStage Decoding, which fully utilizes optimization technique such as vector quantization and iterative decoding and the optimal channel coding most close to the Shannon limit, was used to realize efficient reverse reconciliation algorithm. Simulation results showed that the proposed method can improve the secure key distribution rate to 2.2 kb/s and the coding efficiency to 0.89 over 20 km in single-mode optical fiber. Moreover, there still is room for much improvement. | LU ZhiXin 1,2 , YU Li 1,2 , LI Kang 1,2 , LIU BingCan 1,2,3 , LIN JianGui 1,2 , JIAO RongZhen 1,2 & YANG BoJun 1,21 School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China 2 Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China 3 Department of Fundamental Courses, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，1： | 12 |
| 15 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 16 | Significance of Axial Length Monitoring in Children with Congenital Cataract and Update of Measurement Methods显示文摘Congenital cataract is the main cause of blindness in children, with significantly varying treatment effects. The development of axial length is an important factor that affects the prognosis of these children.However,when compared with the eyes of normal children,the mechanism of growth of the axial length is so complicated that the reported findings differ significantly in terms of the measuring apparatus,assessment methods,and statistical outcome,making the rule of axial length development still unclear. In this paper, we first review the process of axial length development in normal healthy children and compare different hypotheses about certain factors that could affect the development of axial length. The results of some current research about the characteristics of axial length development in congenital cataract children are then reviewed. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of current axial length measurements methods are compared and analyzed.The purpose of this review is to improve our understanding of the complexity and importance of axial length development and to suggest better use of axial length monitoring measurements in congenital cataract children for pediatric ophthalmologists,with the hope of offering assistance that will enhance long-term therapeutic effects for these children. | Jiao Zhan Haotian Lin Xinyu Zhang Weirong Chen Yizhi Liu | 2013 | Eye Science2013，28，2： | 11 |
| 17 | Performance and mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite显示文摘Zero-valent iron(ZⅥ) was loaded on expanded graphite(EG) to produce a composite material(EG-ZⅥ) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)). EG and EG-ZⅥ were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis. EG-ZⅥ had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(Ⅵ) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZⅥ,which was higher than that for both EG(10.00%) and ZⅥ(29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) by EG-ZⅥ showed little dependence on solution p H within a p H range of 1–9.Even at pH 11, a Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZⅥ could enhance the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption,respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ) removal, which indicated that the ZⅥ loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(Ⅵ) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III)hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZⅥ. | Congbin Xu Wenjie Yang Weijiang Liu Hongliang Sun Chunlei Jiao Ai-jun Lin | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，5： | 10 |
| 18 | Resequencing of 145 Landmark Cultivars Reveals Asymmetric Sub-genome Selection and Strong Founder Genotype Effects on Wheat Breeding in China显示文摘Controlled pedigrees and the multi-decade timescale of national crop plant breeding programs offer a unique experimental context for examining how selection affects plant genomes.More than 3000 wheat cultivars have been registered,released,and documented since 1949 in China.In this study,a set of 145 elite cultivars selected from historical points of wheat breeding in China were re-sequenced.A total of 43.75 Tb of sequence data were generated with an average read depth of 17.94x for each cultivar,and more than 60.92 million SNPs and 2.54 million InDels were captured,based on the Chinese Spring RefSeq genome v1.0.Seventy years of breeder-driven selection led to dramatic changes in grain yield and related phenotypes,with distinct genomic regions and phenotypes tar-geted by different breeders across the decades.There are very clear instances illustrating how introduced Italian and otherforeign germplasm was integrated into Chinese wheat programs and reshaped the genomic landscape of local modern cultivars.Importantly,the resequencing data also highlighted significant asymmetric breeding selec-tion among the three sub-genomes:this was evident in both the collinear blocks for homeologous chromosomes and among sets of three homeologous genes.Accumulation of more newly assembled genes in newer cultivars implied the potential value of these genes in breeding.Conserved and extended sharing of linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks was highlighted among pedigree-related cultivars,in which fewer haplotype differences were detected.Fixation or replacement of haplotypes from founder genotypes after generations of breeding was related to their breeding value.Based on the haplotype frequency changes in LD blocks of pedigree-related cultivars,we propose a strategy for evaluating the breeding value of any given line on the basis of the accumulation(pyramiding)of bene-ficial haplotypes.Collectively,our study demonstrates the influence of 'founder genotypes' on the output of breeding efforts over many decades and also suggests that founder genotype perspectives are in fact more dy-namic when applied in the context of modern genomics-informed breeding. | Chenyang Hao Chengzhi Jiao Jian Hou Tian Li Hongxia Liu Yuquan Wang Jun Zheng Hong Liu Zhihong Bi Fengfeng Xu Jing Zhao Lin Ma Yamei Wang Uzma Majeed Xu Liu Rudi Appels Marco Maccaferri Roberto Tuberosa Hongfeng Lu Xueyong Zhang | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，12： | 9 |
| 19 | Advances and development trends in eco-friendly pavements显示文摘The major contemporary in road pavement engineering is related to the creation of green and sustainable infrastructures,e.g.,reduction of environmental impacts,increase in traffic safety,and transportation efficiency,etc.This review presents the recent trends in research and the technical solutions developed so far to address these challenges.After the analysis of research status in the past decades,a novel technology system of eco-friendly pavements is proposed considering two solutions,materials modification and structure improvement.The construction of an eco-friendly pavement can be achieved thanks to several different technologies ensuring permeable,noise-reducing,self-luminous,and exhaust-decomposing properties as well as apporting lower heat absorbing and enhanced anti-/de-icing characteristics.A systematic review of these technologies is presented pivoting on four main aspects:technical principle,material and structural composition,performance evaluation,and engineering application.The current trend in road engineering is combining the pavement infrastructure with various eco-friendly functions,e.g.,water permeability,noise reduction,low heat absorption,exhaust gas decomposition,and anti-/de-icing.Finally,the review lists the drawbacks of the existing technologies,including high cost,single function,etc.,and depicts the future developing direction and architecture of the next generation of eco-friendly pavements in which the road infrastructure should have more environmentally friendly functions than the existing technology. | Aimin Sha Zhuangzhuang Liu Wei Jiang Lin Qi Liqun Hu Wenxiu Jiao Diego Maria Barbieri | 2021 | Journal of Road Engineering2021，1，1： | 9 |
| 20 | Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China显示文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a major crop that feeds 40%of the world’s population.Over the past several decades,advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat,and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits,which promote the breeding of elite varieties.In this review,we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield,end-use traits,flowering regulation,nutrient use efficiency,and biotic and abiotic stress responses,and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists.Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools,highthroughput phenotyping platforms,sequencing-based cloning strategies,high-efficiency genetic transformation systems,and speed-breeding facilities.These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process,ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world. | Jun Xiao Bao Liu Yingyin Yao Zifeng Guo Haiyan Jia Lingrang Kong Aimin Zhang Wujun Ma Zhongfu Ni Shengbao Xu Fei Lu Yuannian Jiao Wuyun Yang Xuelei Lin Silong Sun Zefu Lu Lifeng Gao Guangyao Zhao Shuanghe Cao Qian Chen Kunpu Zhang Mengcheng Wang Meng Wang Zhaorong Hu Weilong Guo Guoqiang Li Xin Ma Junming Li Fangpu Han Xiangdong Fu Zhengqiang Ma Daowen Wang Xueyong Zhang Hong-Qing Ling Guangmin Xia Yiping Tong Zhiyong Liu Zhonghu He Jizeng Jia Kang Chong | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，9： | 9 |
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