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| 1 | Hydrocarbon sources and stages of reservoir formation in Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin显示文摘Kuqa depression bears not only plenty ofnatural gas, but also a large amount of condensate and smallquantity of crude oil. Based on the geochemical correlationbetween the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial hydrocarbonsource rock, this paper confirms that the natural gas in Kuqadepression belongs to coal-type gas and the main gas sourcerock is attributed to the middle to lower Jurassic coal seriesformation, while the main oil source rock is the upper Tri-assic lacustrine mudstone. The authors indicated that Kuqadepression was slowly subsided in Mesozoic, but rapidlywent down in Late Tertiary, which made the Jurassic andTriassic source rock suddenly deep-buried and rapidlyevolved to high and over-mature phase since 5 Ma. TheTriassic source rock is postponed to the Early Miocene dur-ing 23-12 Ma when entering the oil-generating peak, whilethe Jurassic is suspended to the latest 5 Ma, especially since2.5 Ma to the dry gas-generating period, which is one of thecharacteristics of the source rock thermal evolution in Kuqadepression. This paper presents a two-stage trapping andlate gas trapping model in Kuqa depression whose charac-teristics are: The main oil and gas reservoirs have differentsources. The oil reservoir is formed early while the gas res-ervoir is formed lately. During the early stage, it, mainly asoil, takes long distance lateral migration, while in the laterstage, it, mainly as gas, takes the vertical migration and alsohas lateral migration. The trap formed in different time onthe south and north sides of the depression and evolved intoa distributional pattern with oil in the south part and gas inthe north, also oil on the outer ring and gas on the inner ring.This paper points out that the late trapping of the naturalgas in Kuqa depression is favorable for the preservation oflarge gas fields. | LIANG Digang ZHANG Shuichang ZHAO Mengjun WANG Feiyu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 34 |
| 2 | Molecular fossils and oil-source rock correlations in Tarim Basin, NW China显示文摘The distribution of 'molecular fossils' (bio-markers) of steroid compounds in extracts from some spe-cific geologic age in the Tarim Basin have been analyzed andare used as the fingerprints for the oil-source rock correla-tion. Having been affected by maturation, migration, phasefractionation and biodegradation, not any molecular fossilsrelated to source and environment can be used as the finger-prints for oil-source rock correlation. Some special bio-markers widely existed in the extracts from Cambrian andOrdovician rocks in the Tarim Basin and showed obviousdifference in each stratum, including dinosteranes (C30),4-methyl-24-ethyl-cholestanes (C30) and their aromatizedsteroids, C24-norcholestanes and C28 steranes originated fromdinoflagellates and diatom. Few oils such as the heavy oildrilled in the Cambrian reservoir from Tadong 2 well (TD2)correlated well with the extracts from the Cambrian. Theamazing similarity of the relative contents of these com-pounds between the marine oils produced in Tazhong andTabei uplifts and the extracts from the Upper Ordoviciansuggests that the Middle-Upper Ordovician is the very likelymain source for the marine oils. | ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Digang LI Maowen XIAO Zhongyao HE Zhonghua | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 25 |
| 3 | Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations显示文摘The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation. | ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG DiGang ZHU GuangYou ZHANG XingYang ZHANG BaoMin CHEN JianPing ZHANG Bin | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 22 |
| 4 | Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East China Sea Basin显示文摘Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East China Sea Basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by CO2.Their hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2 + heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet gas.Carbon isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-29‰and-26‰, respectively.The difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2 values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic gas.The simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the latter.Moreover, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the latter.Currently the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the LS36-1 oil-gas pool are mainly derived from the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine source rock rather than the Lingfeng Formation marine or Mingyuefeng Formation coal-measures source rocks. | CHEN JianPing 1,2 ,GE HePing 3 ,CHEN XiaoDong 3 ,DENG ChunPing 1,2 &LIANG DiGang 1,2 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 2 Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry,CNPC,Beijing 100083,China 3 Shanghai Division,CNOOC,Shanghai 200030,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 5 |
| 5 | Formation mechanism of condensates, waxy and heavy oils in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China显示文摘It is a challenge to determine the source and genetic relationship of condensate, waxy and heavy oils in one given complicated petroliferous area, where developed multiple sets of source rocks with different maturity and various chemical features.The central part of southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China is such an example where there are condensates, light oils, normal density oils, heavy crude oils and natural gases. The formation mechanism of condensates has been seriously debated for long time;however, no study has integrated it with genetic types of waxy and heavy oils. Taking the central part of southern margin of Junggar Basin as a case, this study employs geological and geochemical methods to determine the formation mechanism of condensates,waxy and heavy oils in a complicated petroliferous area, and reveals the causes and geochemical processes of the co-occurrence of different types of crude oils in this region. Based on detailed geochemical analyses of more than 40 normal crude oils, light oils,condensates and heavy oils, it is found that the condensates are dominated by low carbon number n-alkanes and enriched in light naphthenics and aromatic hydrocarbons. Heptane values of these condensates range from 19% to 21%, isoheptane values from1.9 to 2.1, and toluene/n-heptane ratios from 1.5 to 2.0. The distribution of n-alkanes in the condensates presents a mirror image with high density waxy crude oils and heavy oils. Combined with the oil and gas-source correlations of the crude oils, condensates and natural gas, it is found that the condensates are product of evaporative fractionation and/or phase-controlled fractionation of reservoir crude oils which were derived from mature Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the relatively early stage. The waxy oils are the intermediate products of evaporative fractionation and/or phase-controlled fractionation of reservoir crude oils, while the heavy oils are in-situ residuals. Therefore, evaporative fractionation and/or phase-controlled fractionation would account for the formation of the condensate, light oil, waxy oil and heavy oil in the central part of southern margin of Junggar Basin, resulting in a great change of the content in terms of light alkanes, naphthenics and aromatics in condensates, followed by great uncertainties of toluene/n-heptane ratios due to migration and re-accumulation. The results suggest that the origin of the condensate cannot be simply concluded by its ratios of toluene/n-heptane and n-heptane/methylcyclohexane on the Thompson's cross-plot, it should be comprehensively determined by the aspects of geological background, thermal history of source rocks and petroleum generation,physical and chemical features of various crude oils and natural gas, vertical and lateral distribution of various crude oils in the study area. | CHEN JianPing DENG ChunPing WANG XuLong NI YunYan SUN YongGe ZHAO Zhe LIAO JianDe WANG PeiRong ZHANG DiJia LIANG DiGang | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，5： | 3 |
| 6 | New Progress in Petroleum Exploration of Tarim Basin显示文摘 | Liang Digang(Chief Geologist of Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development Bureau) | 1994 | China Oil & Gas1994，1，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Organic geochemistry of oil and gas in the Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin,NW China显示文摘 | Liang Digang Zhang Shuichang Chen Jianping et a1 | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Basin, China 显示文摘 | Li Desheng Liang Digang Jia Chengzao | 1996 | AAPG Bulletin1996，80，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan oilfield, Junggar Basin, Northwest China. Part II: artificial mixing experiments on typical crude oils and quantitative oil-source correlation显示文摘 | Jianping Chen Chunping Deng Digang Liang Xulong Wang Ningning Zhong Fuqing Song Xinpu Shi Tao Jin Shuzheng Xiang | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan oilfield, Junggar Basin, Northwest China. Part I: genetic potential of source rocks, features of biomarkers and oil sources of typical crude oils显示文摘 | Jianping Chen Digang Liang Xulong Wang Ningning Zhong Fuqing Song Chunping Deng Xinpu Shi Tao Jin Shuzheng Xiang | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin:Evidence for mixed oils显示文摘 | Zhang Shuichang Liang Digang Gong Zaisheng | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Organic geochemistry of oil and gas in the Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin,NW China显示文摘 | LIANG Digang ZHANG Shuichang CHEN Jianping | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，： | 1 |
| 13 | Organic matter maturity and oil/gas prospects in Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in northern China显示文摘 | Baoquan Liu Digang Liang Jie Fang Rongfen Jia Jiamo Fu | 1986 | Chinese Journal of Geochemistry1986，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Basin, China显示文摘 | Li Desheng Liang Digang Jia Chengzao | 1996 | AAPG Bulletin1996，80，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Caiman oilfield, Junggar basin, Northwest China( part Ⅰ ) :genetic potential of source rocks, features of biomarkers and oil source of typical crude oils 显示文摘 | Chen Jianping Liang Digang Wang Xulong | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，： | 1 |
| 16 | Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Caiman oilfield ,Junggar basin, Northwest China( part Ⅱ ) : artificial mixing experiments on typical crude oils and quantitative oil-corrlation显示文摘 | Chen Jianping Deng Chunping Liang Digang | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，： | 1 |
| 17 | Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin: evidence for mixed oils显示文摘 | Zhang Shuichang Liang Digang Gong Zaisheng | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin:evidence for mixed oils显示文摘 | ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Digang GONG Zaisheng | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin: evidence for mixed oils显示文摘 | Shuichang Zhang Digang Liang Zaisheng Gong Keqiang Wu Maowen Li Fuqing Song Zhiguang Song Dajiang Zhang Peirong Wang | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Geochemistry of petroleum systems in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin:evidence for mixed oils显示文摘 | ZHANG SHUICHANG LIANG DIGANG GONG ZAISHENG | 2003 | Organic Geochemistry2003，34，7： | 1 |
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