| 2 | 全颗粒饲料对奶牛生产性能的影响显示文摘饲料中的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量和饲料颗粒直径是影响瘤胃功能的重要因素。试验评估了以颗粒饲料为主的奶牛瘤胃健康情况、NDF消化率和生产性能。选取8头荷斯坦母牛(336±30 d,体重346±35 kg),随机分配到交叉重复试验组中,奶牛安置于牛栏,自由采食。试验期为3周,前两周是适应期,最后一周为数据收集期。各组饲粮原料相同,但物理形式不同,分为全混合日粮(TMR)和颗粒料(直径=8 mm)。两组间物理有效NDF(pe NDF)不同,TMR组为39.8%,颗粒料组为11.8%。在试验过程中,干物质采食量(DMI)、饮水量、瘤胃反刍时间、瘤胃温度和pH情况均记录。3周后收集粪样,确定潜在的可消化NDF总消化率(pdNDF)。每阶段结束后计算平均日增重和饲料转化率。颗粒料组的DMI、DMI/体重和饮水量更高。而两组间平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著差异。颗粒料组的瘤胃反刍时间为241 min·d-1低于TMR组的507 min·d-1。饲料的不同物理外形对瘤胃温度、瘤胃pH无显著影响。TMR组的pdNDF总消化率为90.25%高于颗粒料组的86.82%。试验结果表明,动物易接受完整的颗粒饲料,DMI较高,且反刍时间减少,但瘤胃pH无显著变化。TMR组的pdNDF消化率显著增加。尽管两组奶牛在DMI和纤维消化方面表现不同,但总体表现相似,两组饲料的保存时间与其物理形式有关。在短期内,提供能满足NDF需求的完全颗粒饲料可改善瘤胃健康状况和动物生产性能,而较长时间的数据则需要进一步试验。 | Wang J Yang M Cao M Lin Y Che L Q Duraipandiyan V Al-Dhabi N A Fang Z F Xu S Y Feng B Liu G Wu D Bonfante E Palmonari A Mammi L Canestrari G Fustini M Formigoni A | 2016 | 饲料博览2016,0,12: | 2 |
| 3 | Fungal diversity notes 367-490:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa显示文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes. | Kevin D.Hyde Sinang Hongsanan Rajesh Jeewon D.Jayarama Bhat Eric H.C.McKenzie E.B.Gareth Jones Rungtiwa Phookamsak Hiran A.Ariyawansa Saranyaphat Boonmee Qi Zhao Faten Awad Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Supharat Banmai Putarak Chomnunti Bao-Kai Cui Dinushani A.Daranagama Kanad Das Monika C.Dayarathne Nimali Ide Silva Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Anusha H.Ekanayaka Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni Aristóteles Góes-Neto Shi-Ke Huang Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Sirinapa Konta Hyang Burm Lee Wen-Jing Li Chuan-Gen Lin Jian-Kui Liu Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Ishara S.Manawasinghe Patinjareveettil Manimohan Ausana Mapook Tuula Niskanen Chada Norphanphoun Moslem Papizadeh Rekhani H.Perera Chayanard Phukhamsakda Christian Richter AndréL.C.Mde A.Santiago E.Ricardo Drechsler-Santos Indunil C.Senanayake Kazuaki Tanaka T.M.D.S.Tennakoon Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Benjarong Thongbai Alfredo Vizzini Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Nalin N.Wijayawardene Hai-Xia Wu Jing Yang Xiang-Yu Zeng Huang Zhang Jin-Feng Zhang Timur S.Bulgakov Erio Camporesi Ali H.Bahkali Mohammad A.Amoozegar Lidia Silva Araujo-Neta Joseph F.Ammirati Abhishek Baghela R.P.Bhatt Dimitar Bojantchev Bart Buyck Gladstone Alves da Silva Catarina Letícia Ferreira de Lima Rafael JoséVilela de Oliveira Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza Yu-Cheng Dai Bálint Dima Tham Thi Duong Enrico Ercole Fernando Mafalda-Freire Aniket Ghosh Akira Hashimoto Sutakorn Kamolhan Ji-Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Ilkka Kytovuori Angela Lantieri Kare Liimatainen Zuo-Yi Liu Xing-Zhong Liu Robert Lücking Gianfranco Medardi Peter E.Mortimer Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen Itthayakorn Promputtha K.N.Anil Raj Mateus A.Reck Saisamorn Lumyong Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh-Fazeli Marc Stadler Mohammad Reza Soudi Hong-Yan Su Takumasa Takahashi Narumon Tangthirasunun Priyanka Uniyal Yong Wang Ting-Chi Wen Jian-Chu Xu Zhong-Kai Zhang Yong-Chang Zhao Jun-Liang Zhou Lin Zhu | 2016 | Fungal Diversity2016,,5: | 2 |