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| 1 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Gonadotrophin regimens and oocyte quality in women with polycystic ovaries显示文摘 | Stephen F Ruth R Kate H | 2002 | RBM online2002，6，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Ulva, Umbraulva and Gemina: genetic survey of New Zealand taxa reveals diversity and introduced species 显示文摘 | SVENJA H JUDY E S B KATE F N | 2009 | European Journal of Phycology2009，44，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Molecular prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction 显示文摘 | Lagarde S M ten Kate F J Richel D J | 2007 | Ann Surg Oncol2007，14，2： | 1 |
| 5 | phase, gas-liquid flows in stati6 mixers 显示文摘 | N F Shah D D Kate Two | 1991 | AIChE Journal1991，38，： | 1 |
| 6 | High absolute risks and predictors of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients with nephrotic syndrome:resuits from a large retrospective cohort study显示文摘 | Mahmoodi B K ten Kate M K Waanders F | 2008 | Circulation2008，117，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Evaluation of transient elastography for fibrosis assessment compared with large biopsies in chronic hepatitis B and C 显示文摘 | VERVEER C ZONDERVAN P E TEN KATE F J W | 2012 | Liver Int2012，32，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Knowing better and losing even more: The use of knowledge in hazards management显示文摘 | White G F Kates R W Burton I | 2001 | Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards2001，3，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Antibody response to yersinia pestis flantigen expressed in Salmonella typhimurium aroA from in vivo-inducible promoters 显示文摘 | Helen L B Kate F G Steven M J | 2000 | Vaccine2000，，18： | 1 |
| 10 | High absolute risks and predictors of venous and arterial thromboem- bolic events in patients with nephrotic syndrome显示文摘 | MAHMOODI BK TEN KATE MK WAANDERS F | 2008 | Circulation2008，117，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Warfarin versus as- pirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community popula- tion with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study,BAFTA):a randomised con- trolled trial 显示文摘 | Mant J Richard Hobbs FD Kate F | 2007 | Lancet2007，370，： | 1 |
| 12 | Rapid and Sensitive Method Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Infectious by Influenza A and Influenza B viruses, Respiratory Synneytical virus, and Parainfluenza viruses 1,2,3 and 4显示文摘 | Kate E Templeton Sitha A Scheltinga Matthias F C Beersma | 2004 | Journal of clinical Microbiology2004，41，8： | 1 |
| 13 | What Parents Say about Disclosing the End of Their Pregnancy Due to Fetal Abnormality显示文摘 | Emma F Kate H Su Z | 2013 | Midwifery2013，29，1： | 1 |
| 14 | High absolute risks and predictors of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients with nephritic syndrome : results from a large retrospective cohort study 显示文摘 | Mahmoodi BK ten Kate MK Waanders F | 2008 | Circulation2008，117，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Protocol for past BP:A randomised controlled trial of different blood pressure tar- gets for people with a history of stroke of transient ischaemic at- tack(TIA) in primary care显示文摘 | Kate F Jonathan M Richard McManus | 2010 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders2010，10，： | 1 |
| 16 | Remission of active diabetic hepatitis after correction of hyperglycemia 显示文摘 | Tak P Kate F | 1993 | Liver1993，13，4： | 1 |
| 17 | International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002 显示文摘 | Kate F P Susanna H A Janette C B M | 2002 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2002，76，： | 1 |
| 18 | The murine gammaherpesvirus 68 v - cyclin gene is an oncogene that promotes cell cycle progression in primary lymphocytes显示文摘 | Van DYK L F Hess J L Kate J D | 1999 | J Virol1999，73，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Localized bullous pemphigoid, a T cell-mediated disease? Electron microscopic and immunologic studies显示文摘 | van Joost T Vuzevski VD ten Kate F | 1989 | Acta Derm Venereol1989，69，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Pathology of early invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction: implications for therapeutic decision making 显示文摘 | van Sandick JW van Lanschot JJ Ten Kate F J | 2000 | Cancer2000，88，11： | 1 |
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