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| 1 | Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis显示文摘AIM: Although an association between helatic steatosis and vascular risk factors has been described, direct relationships between fatty liver and atherosclerosis have not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study has been to investigate those relationships.METHODS: The Study of Health in Pomerania examined a random population sample aged between 20 and 79 years.A study population of 4 222 subjects without hepatitis B and C infections and without liver cirrhosis was available for the present analysis. Hepatic steatosis was defined sonographically and intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as plaque prevalence were estimated by carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: The prevalence rate of hepatic steatosis was 29.9%. Among subjects aged ≥45 years, an association between hepatic steatosis and IMT of the carotid arteries was found in bivariate analysis, but not after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors. Individuals with fatty liver had more often carotid plaques than persons without fatty liver (plaque prevalence rate 76.8% vs 66.6%; P<0.001).This association persisted after adjustment for confounding factors and was predominantly present in subjects with no to mild alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION: There is an independent association between hepatic steatosis and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Metabolic changes due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may explain this relationship. | Henry V(o|¨)lzke Daniel M.Robinson Volker Kleine Roland Deutscher Wolfgang Hoffmann Jan Lüdemann Ulf Schminke Christof Kessler Ulrich John | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，12： | 29 |
| 2 | Matched-pair analysis of postoperative morbidity and mortality for pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy using mattress sutures in soft pancreatic tissue remnants显示文摘BACKGROUND:After pancreaticoduodenectomy,the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula remains high,especially in patients with 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.No 'gold standard' surgical technique for pancreaticoenteric anastomosis has been established.This study aimed to compare the postoperative morbidity and mortality of pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants using modified mattress sutures.METHODS:Seventy-five patients who had undergone pancreaticogastrostomy and 75 who had undergone pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively compared using matched-pair analysis.A modified mattress suture technique was used for the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis.Patients with an underlying 'hard' pancreatic tissue remnant,as in chronic pancreatitis,were excluded.Both groups were homogeneous for age,gender,and underlying disease.Postoperative morbidity,mortality,and preoperative and operative data were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups for the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (10.7% in both).Postoperative morbidity and mortality,median operation time,median length of hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and the amount of intraoperatively transfused erythrocyte concentrates also did not significantly differ between the groups.Patient age >65 years (P=0.017),operation time >350minutes (P=0.001),and intraoperative transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates (P=0.038) were identified as risk factors for postoperative morbidity.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed no significant differences between the groups in the pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis techniques using mattress sutures for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.In our experience,the mattress sutures are safe and simple to use,and pancreaticogastrostomy in particular is feasible and easy to learn,with good endoscopic accessibility to the anastomosis region.However,the location of the anastomosis and the surgical technique need to be individually evaluated to further reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula. | Fritz Klein Marcus Bahra Matthias Glanemann Wladimir Faber Peter Warnick Andreas Andreou Safak Gül Dietmar Jacob | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，1： | 9 |
| 3 | 小儿骨质疏松症的发病机制,诊断,预防和治疗(英文)显示文摘骨质疏松症是最常见的代谢性骨病,其特征是骨矿物质密度和骨强度明显下降,导致高发病率和死亡率相关的脆弱性骨折。骨质疏松症通常被认为是一个影响成人的全球性公共健康问题。另一方面,小儿骨质疏松症,却是一种新的和不断变化的领域,具有一定独特的诊断和临床挑战。虽然小儿骨质疏松症的预防和治疗和成人的相比在进展方面没有那么成熟,但是近来小儿骨质疏松症得到更广泛的认知和认可。一些基因突变和酶的缺陷已表明与原发性小儿骨质疏松症有关联。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论小儿骨质疏松症的属性,包括其突变可导致原发性骨质疏松症的候选基因和可能的诊断及预防方法。我们也将讨论在美国治疗小儿骨质疏松症的常规选项,以及在中国用来治疗儿童患者的骨质疏松症,骨软化症和佝偻病的推荐药物。本文的目的是给我们目前对小儿骨质疏松症的了解做一个小结,并在小儿骨质疏松症的发病机制,诊断,预防和治疗方面能有更合适的方法进行讨论提供一个平台。 | 张驰 涂萍 陈大福 Gordon L Klein 刘忠厚 | 2013 | 中国骨质疏松杂志2013，19，1： | 8 |
| 4 | 视网膜微血管异常与MRI确诊的亚临床脑梗死:动脉粥样硬化风险的社区研究显示文摘Background and Purpose-Retinal microvascular abnormalities reflect cumulative small vessel damage from elevated blood pressure and may reflect subclinical cerebral microvascular changes.We examined their associations with MRI-defined cerebral infarcts.Methods-Population-based,cross-sectional study of 1684 persons 55 to 74 years of age without a history of clinical stroke,sampled from 2 US southeastern communities.Retinal photographs were obtained and graded for presence of retinal microvascular abnormalities,including arteriovenous nicking,focal arteriolar narrowing,retinal hemorrhages,soft exudates and microaneurysms.Photographs were also digitized,and retinal vessel diameters were measured and summarized as the arteriole-to-venule ratio(AVR).Cerebral MRI scans were graded for presence of cerebral infarct,defined as a lesion ≥ 3 mm diameter in a vascular distribution with typical imaging characteristics.Results-There were a total of 183 MRI cerebral infarcts.After adjustment for age,gender,race,6-year mean arterial blood pressure,diabetes,and other stroke risk factors,cerebral infarcts were associated with retinal microvascular abnormalities,with odds ratios 1.90(95% CI,1.25 to 2.88)for arteriovenous nicking,1.89(95% CI,1.22 to 2.92)for focal arteriolar narrowing,2.95(95% CI,1.30 to 6.71)for blot hemorrhages,2.08(95% CI,0.69,6.31)for soft exudates,3.17(95% CI,1.05 to 9.64)-for microaneurysms,and 1.74(95% CI,0.95 to 3.21)for smallest compared with largest AVR.In stratified analyses,these associations were only present in persons with hypertension.Conclusions-Retinal microvascular abnormalities are associated with MRI-defined subclinical cerebral infarcts independent of stroke risk factors.These data suggest that retinal photography may be useful for studying subclinical cerebrovascular disease in population-based studies. | Cooper L S. Wong T. Y. Klein R. 王文军(译) | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册)2006，2，9： | 6 |
| 5 | Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales显示文摘 | C.P Wilkinson Frederick L Ferris Ronald E Klein Paul P Lee Carl David Agardh Matthew Davis Diana Dills Anselm Kampik R Pararajasegaram Juan T Verdaguer | 2003 | Ophthalmology2003，，9： | 4 |
| 6 | Epidermal Patterning Genes Impose Non‐cell Autonomous Cell Size Determination and have Additional Roles in Root Meristem Size Control显示文摘The regulation of cellular growth is of vital importance for embryonic and postembryonic patterning.Growth regulation in the epidermis has importance for organ growth rates in roots and shoots,proposing epidermal cells as an interesting model for cellular growth regulation.Here we assessed whether the root epidermis is a suitable model system to address cell size determination.In Arabidopsis thaliana L.,root epidermal cells are regularly spaced in neighbouring tricho‐(root hair)and atrichoblast(non‐hair)cells,showing already distinct cell size regulation in the root meristem.We determined cell sizes in the root meristem and at the onset of cellular elongation,revealing that not only division rates but also cellular shape is distinct in tricho‐and atrichoblasts.Intriguingly,epidermal‐patterning mutants,failing to defne differential vacuolization in neighbouring epidermal cell fles,also display non‐differential growth.Using these epidermal‐patterning mutants,we show that polarized growth behaviour of epidermal tricho‐and atrichoblast is interdependent,suggesting non‐cell autonomous signals to integrate tissue expansion.Besides the interweaved cell‐type‐dependent growth mechanism,we reveal an additional role for epidermal patterning genes in root meristem size and organ growth regulation.We conclude that epidermal cells represent a suitable model system to study cell size determination and interdependent tissue growth. | Christian Lfke Kai Dünser Jürgen Kleine‐Vehn | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，9： | 3 |
| 7 | Disruption of bone and skeletal muscle in severe burns显示文摘Severe burn injury triggers the body's nonspecific adaptive responses to acute insult, including the systemic inflammatory and stress responses, as well as the sympathetic response to immobilization. These responses trigger inflammatory bone resorption followed by glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and probably osteocytes. Because these patients are catabolic, they suffer concomitant muscle wasting and negative nitrogen balance. The use of anabolic agents such as recombinant human growth hormone and oxandrolone results in improved bone mineral content and muscle strength after approximately 1 year. Use of bisphosphonates within the first 10 days of a severe burn completely blocks the resorptive bone loss and has the added advantage of appearing to preserve muscle protein from excessive breakdown. The mechanism for the protective effect on muscle is not currently known. However, if the effect of bisphosphonates on muscle can be confirmed, it raises the possibility that bone communicates with muscle. | Gordon L Klein | 2015 | Bone Research2015，3，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy显示文摘The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy. | Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 2 |
| 9 | Measurement of muscle activity with magnetic resonance elastography显示文摘 | Guido Heers Thomas Jenkyn M. Alex Dresner Marc-Oliver Klein Jeffrey R Basford Kenton R Kaufman Richard L Ehman Kai-Nan An | 2003 | Clinical Biomechanics2003，，6： | 2 |
| 10 | Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales显示文摘 | C.P Wilkinson Frederick L Ferris Ronald E Klein Paul P Lee Carl David Agardh Matthew Davis Diana Dills Anselm Kampik R Pararajasegaram Juan T Verdaguer | 2003 | Ophthalmology2003，，9： | 2 |
| 11 | Empagliflozin alleviates podocytopathy and enhances glomerular nephrin expression in db/db diabetic mice显示文摘BACKGROUND Modern guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors as the preferred antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.However,the mechanisms underlying the renal protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors are not fully understood.structure of podocytes and nephrin expression in glomeruli in db/db diabetic mice.METHODS We treated 8-wk-old male db/db mice with EMPA(10 mg/kg/d)or vehicle for 8 wk.Age-matched male db/+mice were included as non-diabetic controls.Parameters of body composition,glycemic and lipid control,and plasma concentrations of leptin,insulin and glucagon were assessed.We evaluated renal hypertrophy as kidney weight adjusted to lean mass,renal function as plasma levels of creatinine,and albuminuria as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR).Renal structures were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy with a focus on mesangial volume and podocyte structure,respectively.Glomerular nephrin and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)were assessed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Severe obesity and hyperglycemia developed in db/db mice prior to the start of the experiment;increased plasma concentrations of fructosamine,glycated albumin,cholesterol,leptin,and insulin,and elevated UACR were detected.Mesangial expansion,glomerular basement membrane thickening,and increased area of TGF-βstaining in glomeruli were revealed in vehicle-treated mice.Podocytopathy was manifested by effacement of foot processes;nephrin-positive areas in glomeruli were reduced.EMPA decreased the levels of glucose,fructosamine and glycated albumin,UACR,kidney hypertrophy,mesangial expansion,glomerular basement membrane thickening,and glomerular TGF-βstaining,alleviated podocytopathy and restored glomerular staining of nephrin.CONCLUSION These data indicate that EMPA attenuates podocytopathy in experimental diabetic kidney disease.The anti-albuminuric effect of EMPA could be attributed to mitigation of podocyte injury and enhancement of nephrin expression. | Vadim V Klimontov Anton I Korbut Iuliia S Taskaeva Nataliya P Bgatova Maksim V Dashkin Nikolai BOrlov Anna S Khotskina Evgenii L Zavyalov Thomas Klein | 2020 | World Journal of Diabetes2020，11，12： | 2 |
| 12 | Soil dehydrogenase activity 显示文摘 | Casida L C Jr Klein D A Santoro T | 1964 | Soil Science1964，98，： | 2 |
| 13 | Cooperating attackers in neural cryptography显示文摘 | Shacham L N Klein E Mislovaty R | 2004 | Phys Rev E2004，69，： | 1 |
| 14 | Proteomics and diabetic retinopathy显示文摘 | Merchant M L Klein J B | 2009 | Clin Lab Med2009，29，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of the diluted magnetic semiconductor system Zn(Mn,Fe, Co)Se 显示文摘 | Kim Y D Cooper S L Klein M V | 1994 | Phys Rev B1994，49，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Markers of inflammation predict the long-term risk of developing chronic kidney disease:a population-based cohort study 显示文摘 | Shankar A Sun L Klein EB | 2011 | Kidney Int2011，80，： | 1 |
| 17 | Measuring output factorsof small fields formed by collimator jaws and multileaf collimatorusing plastic scintillation detectors显示文摘 | Klein DMiTailor RC Archambault L | 2010 | Med Phys2010，37，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344):comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Klein O Lynge J Endahl L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Electronic doors to education: Study of high school website accessi bility in Iowa显示文摘 | KLEIN D MYHILL W HANSEN L | 2003 | Behavioral sciences the law2003，21，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Placental growth factor contributes to micro-vascular abnormalization and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy 显示文摘 | KOWALCZUK L TOUCHARD E OMRI S JONET L KLEIN C VALAMANES F | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，17： | 1 |
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