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| 1 | Regulation of HMGB1 release by infl ammasomes显示文摘High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is an evolutionarily conserved non-histone chromatin-binding protein.During infection or injury,activated immune cells and damaged cells release HMGB1 into the extracellular space,where HMGB1 functions as a proinflammatory mediator and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.Recent studies reveal that infl ammasomes,intracellular protein complexes,critically regulate HMGB1 release from activated immune cells in response to a variety of exogenous and endogenous danger signals.Double stranded RNA dependent kinase(PKR),an intracellular danger-sensing molecule,physically interacts with inflammasome components and is important for infl ammasome activation and HMGB1 release.Together,these studies not only unravel novel mechanisms of HMGB1 release during infl ammation,but also provide potential therapeutic targets to treat HMGB1-related infl ammatory diseases. | Ben Lu Haichao Wang Ulf Andersson Kevin J.Tracey | 2013 | Protein & Cell2013，4，3： | 21 |
| 2 | Competition and body size in plants:the between-species tradeoff for maximum potential versus minimum reproductive threshold size显示文摘Aims According to traditional theory,superior competitive ability in plants generally requires relatively large plant body size.Yet even within the most crowded vegetation,most resident species are relatively small;species size distributions are right-skewed at virtually every scale.We examine a potential explanation for this paradox:small species coexist with and outnumber large species because they have greater‘reproductive economy’,i.e.they are better equipped—and hence more likely—to produce offspring despite severe size suppression from intense competition.Methods Randomly placed plots within old-field vegetation were surveyed across the growing season.Within each plot,the largest(MAX)and smallest(MIN)reproductive individuals of each resident species were collected for above-ground dry mass measurement.We tested three hypotheses:(i)smaller resident species(with smaller MAX size)have generally smaller reproductive threshold sizes;(ii)smaller resident species have greater‘reproductive economy’,i.e.a smaller MIN relative to MAX reproductive plant size;and(iii)MIN size predicts plot occupancy(species abundance within the community)better than MAX size.Important Findings The results supported the first and third,but not the second hypothesis.However,we could not reject the hypothesis that smaller species have greater reproductive economy,as it was not possible to record data for the largest potential plant size for each species—since even the largest(MAX)plants collected from our sampled plots were subjected to competition from neighbours under these natural field conditions.Importantly,contrary to conventional competition theory,more successful species(in terms of greater plot occupancy)had smaller minimum not larger(or smaller)maximum reproductive sizes.These results suggest that a small reproductive threshold size,commonly associated with relatively small potential body size,is generally more effective in transmitting genes into future generations when selection from neighbourhood crowding/competition is intense—at least within natural old-field vegetation.Accordingly,we propose a simple conceptual model that represents the basis for a fundamental paradigm shift in the predicted selection effects of crowding/competition on plant body size evolution. | Amanda J.Tracey Lonnie W.Aarssen | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Characterization of inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced male C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity显示文摘Background: Animal models of diet-induced obesity(DIO) are commonly used in medical research for mimicking human diseases. There is no universal animal model, and careful evaluation of variety of factors needs to be considered when designing new experiments. Here, we investigated the effect of 9 weeks high-fat diet(HFD) intervention, providing 60% energy from fat, on parameters of inflammation and insulin resistance in male C57 BL/6 J mice.Methods: Six weeks old mice were initiated on regular diet(RD) or HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat for 9 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by glucometer, and fasting plasma levels of insulin and proinflammatory cytokines by Luminex assay. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using QUICKI and HOMA2 indexes.Results: HFD mice showed ~ 40% higher body weight and ~ 20% larger abdominal circumference, due to an increase in the white adipose tissue mass. Liver examination revealed increased size and higher hepatic lipid accumulation in livers from HFD mice compared to their RD counterparts. Animals from the HFD group were characterized with significantly higher presence of crown-like structures(CLS) in WAT and higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PAI-1, and resistin). HFD-fed mice also demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity(lower QUICKI, higher HOMA-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), and lower HOMA-percent sensitivity(HOMA-%S)) index values.Conclusion: Male C57 BL/6 J mice on 9 weeks HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat display impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation, thus making this DIO mouse model appropriate for studies of early stages of obesity-related pathology. | Dimiter Avtanski Valentin A.Pavlov Kevin J.Tracey Leonid Poretsky | 2019 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2019，2，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Extracellular role of HMGB1 in inflammation and sepsis显示文摘 | H.Wang H.Yang K. J.Tracey | 2004 | Journal of Internal Medicine2004，，3： | 2 |
| 5 | High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1: A novel proinflammatory mediator in synovitis显示文摘 | R.Kokkola E.Sundberg A.‐K.Ulfgren K.Palmblad J.Li H.Wang L.Ulloa H.Yang X.‐J.Yan R.Furie N.Chiorazzi K. J.Tracey U.Andersson H. ErlandssonHarris | 2002 | Arthritis & Rheumatism2002，，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Activation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Leads to Relocation and Release of High‐Mobility Group Box Chromosomal Protein 1显示文摘 | G. E.Mullins J.Sunden‐Cullberg A.‐S.Johansson A.Rouhiainen H.Erlandsson‐Harris H.Yang K. J.Tracey H.Rauvala J.Palmblad J.Andersson C. J.Treutiger | 2004 | Scandinavian Journal of Immunology2004，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | The pulse of inflammation: heart rate variability, the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway and implications for therapy显示文摘 | J. M.Huston K. J.Tracey | 2010 | Journal of Internal Medicine2010，，1： | 1 |
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