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| 1 | Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects显示文摘The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets. | Robin B.Guevarra Jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-Jae Seok Doo Wan Kim Bit Na Kang Timothy J.Johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun Bum Kim | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 13 |
| 2 | Density dependence and habitat preference shape seedling survival in a subtropical forest in central China显示文摘Aims seedlings are vulnerable to many kinds of fatal abiotic and biotic agents,and examining the causes of seedling dynamics can help understand mechanisms of species coexistence.To disentangle the relative importance of neighborhood densities,habitat factors and phylogenetic relatedness on focal seedling survival,we monitored the survival of 5306 seedlings of 104 species>15 months.We address the following questions:(i)How do neighborhood densities,habitat variables and phylogenetic relatedness affect seedling survival?What is the relative importance of conspecific densities,habitat variables and phylogenetic relatedness to seedling survival?(ii)Does the importance of the neighborhood densities,habitat variables and phylogenetic relatedness vary among growth forms,leaf habits or dispersal modes?specially,does the conspecific negative density dependence inhibit tree and decidu-ous seedlings more compared with shrub and evergreen species?Does density dependence affect the wind and animal-dispersed species equally?Methods We established 135 census stations to monitor seedling dynamics in a 25-ha subtropical forest plot in central China.Conspecific and heterospecific seedling density in the 1-m2 seedling plot and adult basal area within a 20-m radius provided neighborhood density var-iables.mean elevation,convexity and aspect of every 5-×5-m grid with seedling plots were used to quantify habitat characteristics.We calculated the relative average phylodiversity between focal seed-ling and heterospecific neighbors to quantify the species related-ness in the neighborhood.Eight candidate generalized linear mixed models with binominal error distribution were used to compare the relative importance of these variables to seedling survival.akaike’s information criteria were used to identify the most parsimonious models.Important Findingsat the community level,both the neighborhood densities and phylogenetic relatedness were important to seedling survival.We found negative effects of increasing conspecific seedlings,which suggested the existence of species-specific density-dependent mortality.Phylodiversity of heterospecific neighbors was negatively related to survival of focal seedlings,indicating similar habitat preference shared among phylogenetically closely related species may drive seedling survival.The relative importance of neighborhood densities,habitat variables and phylogenetic relatedness varied among ecological guilds.Conspecific densities had significant negative effect for deciduous and wind-dispersed species,and marginally significant for tree seedlings>10 cm tall and animal-dispersed species.Habitat variables had limited effects on seedling survival,and only elevation was related to the sur-vival of evergreen species in the best-fit model.We conclude that both negative density-dependent mortality and habitat preference reflected by the phylogenetic relatedness shape the species coex-istence at seedling stage in this forest. | Junmeng Lu Daniel J.Johnson Xiujuan Qiao Zhijun Lu Qinggang Wang Mingxi Jiang | 2015 | Journal of Plant Ecology2015，8，6： | 12 |
| 3 | The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit显示文摘Epichloae endophytes of family Clavicipitaceae(comprising genera Epichloëand Neotyphodium)are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses.The associations formed,range from mutually beneficial to antagonistic and the nature of this relationship is dependent upon the importance of vertical(via host seeds)versus horizontal(ascospore mediated)transmission of the fungus.These endophytes can enhance their hosts’survival through protection from abiotic and biotic stresses and can thus be utilized in an agricultural context.Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized.One of the crucial drivers underpinning the selection of epichloae strains for commercial development is endophyte derived bioactivity.The potential of next generation endophytes is determined by testing a number of attributes such as agronomic fitness,animal and food safety as well as compatibility with host plants of interest.Strategic research supports these activities by focusing on elucidating mechanisms of compatibility between host and fungal symbiont,as well as investigating other molecular drivers of symbiosis such as siderophore mediated iron-uptake,fungal signalling,fungal growth in host plants and fungal secondary metabolism.This review weaves together the different strands of multidisciplinary research aimed at ultimately exploiting epichloae endophytes for increased pasture performance. | Linda J.Johnson Anouck C.M.de Bonth Lyn R.Briggs John R.Caradus Sarah C.Finch Damien J.Fleetwood Lester R.Fletcher David E.Hume Richard D.Johnson Alison J.Popay Brian A.Tapper Wayne R.Simpson Christine R.Voisey Stuart D.Card | 2013 | Fungal Diversity2013，，3： | 5 |
| 4 | IMPORTANCE OF HYDROLOGY, SOIL AND VEGETATIONIN WETLAND RESEARCH显示文摘Wetlands, one of the most productive systems in the biosphere are a unique ecosystem. They occur in landscapes that favor the ponding or slow runoff of surface water, discharge of ground water, or both. Wetlands are not only important for maintaining plant and animal diversity, but also for balancing global carbon budget via sequestrating or releasing CO2 from/into atmosphere depending on their management. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how wetlands form and function, then we can better manage, utilize, and protect these unique ecosystems. Hydrie soils,hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology are the three main parameters of wetlands. These parameters are interrelated with each other which jointly influence the development and functions of wetland ecosystems. The objective of this paper was to report the current understanding of wetlands and provide future research directions. The paper will first focus on aspects of hydrology research in wetlands, and then shift to soil hydrosequence and wetland vegetation to better understand processes, structure, and function of wetlands, and conclude with some possible future research directions. | Elizabeth J.Johnson Peter L.M.Veneman XING Baos-han | 2003 | 湿地科学2003，1，2： | 4 |
| 5 | International validation of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a joint United Kingdom and Hong Kong study显示文摘The outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients significantly differs between western and eastern population centers. Our group previously developed and validated the Chinese University Prognostic Index(CUPI) for the prognostication of HCC among the Asian HCC patient population. In the current study, we aimed to validate the CUPI using an international cohort of patients with HCC and to compare the CUPI to two widely used staging systems, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) classification and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program(CLIP). To accomplish this goal, two cohorts of patients were enrolled in the United Kingdom(UK; n = 567; 2006-2011) and Hong Kong(HK; n = 517; 2007-2012). The baseline clinical data were recorded. The performances of the CUPI, BCLC, and CLIP were compared in terms of a concordance index(C-index) and were evaluated in subgroups of patients according to treatment intent. The results revealed that the median follow-up durations of the UK and HK cohorts were 27.9 and 29.8 months, respectively. The median overall survival of the UK and HK cohorts were 22.9 and 8.6 months, respectively. The CUPI stratified the patients in both cohorts into three risk subgroups corresponding to distinct outcomes. The median overall survival of the CUPI low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups were 3.15, 1.24, and 0.29 years, respectively, in the UK cohort and were 2.07, 0.32, and 0.10 years, respectively, in the HK cohort. For the patients who underwent curative treatment, the prognostic performance did not differ between the three staging systems, and all were suboptimal. For those who underwent palliative treatment, the CUPI displayed the highest C-index, indicating that this staging system was the most informative for both cohorts. In conclusion, the CUPI is applicable to both western and eastern HCC patient populations. The performances of the three staging systems differed according to treatment intent, and the CUPI was demonstrated to be optimal for those undergoing palliative treatment. A more precise staging system for early-stage disease patients is required. | Stephen L.Chan Philip J.Johnson Frankie Mo Sarah Berhane Mabel Teng Anthony W.H.Chan Ming C.Poon Paul B.S.Lai Simon Yu Anthony T.C.Chan Winnie Yeo | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，10： | 4 |
| 6 | 柽柳叶蝉名录及中国新记录属种记述(同翅目:叶蝉科)显示文摘本文记述中美两国农业部合作研究项目(柽柳生物防治研究)中采自我国西北部以及前苏联土库曼地区柽柳上的叶蝉科昆虫,初步鉴定有24 种,隶属于7 亚科、13 属,其中含4 中国新记录属(环茎叶蝉属 Circulifer Zachvatkin,大片叶蝉属 Meg alopsius Em eljanov,点纹叶蝉属 Op sius Fieber 和柽柳叶蝉属 Tam aricella Zachvatkin)、6 中国新记录种〔点翅短头叶蝉 Batrachom orphus irroratus Lew is,菲氏二叉叶蝉 M acrostelesfieberi ( Edw ards ),米氏二室叶蝉 Balclutha m itjaevi Dlabola,离茎点纹叶蝉 Op siusd istantiatus Dlabola,异点纹叶蝉 O.dissim ilis Vilbaste 和并茎点纹叶蝉 O.tigrip es ( Lethierry )〕。 | 蔡平 陆庆光 C.J.DeLoach J.Johnson | 1999 | 华东昆虫学报1999，8，1： | 2 |
| 7 | 家禽氨基酸消化率测定的原则及存在的问题(上)显示文摘前言“可利用率”(availability)这一概念现已被动物营养界普遍接受,并广泛应用于能量代谢之中。虽然现代离子交换色谱技术已能精确测出饲料中总氨基酸的含量,但由根据总氨基酸配制日粮向根据可利用氨基酸配制日粮的转变却进展缓慢。现在,确定可利用氨基酸的方法很多,有体内法和体外法两种。主要根据准确、灵敏和便于操作这三条原则确定。如果要求实用性,则必须能够测定饲料工业中使用的各种类型的饲料,还要考虑饲料或日粮中其他组分影响氨基酸可利用率的可能性。只有同时根据混合日粮总氨基酸含量和可利用氨基酸含量。 | Raymond J.Johnson 王若军 | 1993 | 国外畜牧科技1993，20，2： | 2 |
| 8 | A Boost or Bust for Democcacy? How the Web Influenced Political Attitudes and Behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential Elections显示文摘 | Thomas J.Johnson Barbara K.Kaye | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 9 | The Revolution will be Networked:The Influence of Social Networking Sites on Political Attitudes and Behavior显示文摘 | Weiwu Zhang Thomas J.Johnson Trent Seltzer Shannon L.Bichard | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 10 | Sequence variations of precore/core and precore promoter regions of hepatitis B virus in patients with or without viral reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy显示文摘 | W.Yeo S.Zhong P. K. S.Chan W. M.Ho H. T. M.Wong A. S. K.Chan P. J.Johnson | 2008 | Journal of Viral Hepatitis2008，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Prevalence of Ras mutations in thyroid neoplasia显示文摘 | Christopher T.Esapa Sarah J.Johnson PatKendall‐Taylor Tom W. J.Lennard Philip E.Harris | 2001 | Clinical Endocrinology2001，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | D.Williams‐Herman J.Johnson R.Teng G.Golm K. D.Kaufman B. J.Goldstein J. M.Amatruda | 2010 | Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism2010，，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Global solutions for an extended class of hyperbolic systemsof conservation laws显示文摘 | J.Smoller J.Johnson | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 14 | Fructose-inducedmetabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renalmicrovascular damage in rats显示文摘 | Takahiko Nakagawa Richard J.Johnson Jaime HerreraAcosta Edilia Tapia | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Music in Hegel's Aesthetics:a Re-evaluation显示文摘 | J.Johnson | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | 104例肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化病人蘑菇头胃造口引流管放置的单中心5年经验总结显示文摘回顾总结在X线引导下对肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化(ALS)病人放置蘑菇头状胃造口引流管(Entristar,Tyco Healthcare,Mansfield,MA)的经验。所有操作均使用局麻.未使用镇静剂。分别记录术前24h和术后24h内的主要和次要围手术期并发症。死亡病例按死亡原因与基础病ALS相关或继发于X线引导插管胃造口术(RIG)分别记录。 | D.Lewis M.A.Ampong A.Rio E.Willey J.Johnson C.E.Shaw 赵艳萍 | 2009 | 国际医学放射学杂志2009，32，5： | 0 |
| 17 | 1000万年前的突变让我们变胖显示文摘如今,肥胖症和糖尿病随处可见,这种稍显现代的疾病可能与古猿的基因突变有关——当时让我们的祖先熬过食物匮乏期的基因,现在却让我们发胖甚至患上糖尿病。 | 理书德·J·约翰逊(Richard J.Johnson) 彼得·安德鲁斯(Peter Andrews) 康俊炎 | 2015 | 环球科学2015，0，11： | 0 |
| 18 | 液体硅橡胶模具设计原则显示文摘热固性液体硅橡胶(LSR)材料注射模具的设计一般与热塑性塑料模具的设计相同,其中有几点重要区别。其一,LSR胶料的粘度一般较低,所以充模时间很短,甚至在注射压力较低时也是如此。为了避免卷入空气,保证模具良好的排气很关键。 | Virgil J.Johnson 杨钧 | 2000 | 橡胶参考资料2000，30，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Office-based facial plastics procedures:Neuromodulators显示文摘Botulinum toxin is a potent neuromodulator commonly used for cosmetic applications in the clinic.In this article,we reviewed the various formulations of botulinum toxin type A commercially available in the United States,as well as clinical pearls for preprocedural planning,common in-office injections,and management of complications. | Andrew J.Johnson David S.Chen | 2023 | World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery2023，9，3： | 0 |
| 20 | 血液循环中的肿瘤DNA及其在肿瘤研究上的应用显示文摘 | 钟声 杨明明 Philip J.Johnson | 2001 | 中国肺癌杂志2001，4，2： | 0 |
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