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| 1 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 2 | Heterogeneity in mouse spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia lineages identifies markers of metaplastic progression显示文摘 | Victoria G Weis Josane F Sousa Bonnie J LaFleur Ki Taek Nam Jared A Weis Paul E Finke Nadia A Ameen James G Fox James R Goldenring | 2013 | Gut2013，，9： | 3 |
| 3 | Proximal gastric response to small intestinal nutrients is abnormal in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients显示文摘瞄准:在非常有病的病人决定近似的胃的反应到小肠的营养素。方法:近似胃的活动性在 13 个非常有病的病人被测量(49.3 +/- 4.7 年) 并且 12 个健康志愿者(27.7 +/- 2.9 年) 用一种 barostat 技术。记录在基线被执行,在 60-min 期间 intra 十二指肠的注入保证(2 kcal/min ) ,并且为跟随注入的 2 h。最小的扩张压力(MDP ) , intra 袋子体积和底的波浪活动是坚定的。结果:MDP 在病人是更高的(11.7 +/- 1.1 对 7.8 +/- 0.7 毫米汞柱;P <
0.01 ) 。基线 intra 袋子体积在 2 个组是类似的。在健康题目,一“双性人形式”近似胃的体积反应被观察。在病人,近似胃的体积的起始的增加小、推迟,但是最后到达了类似于健康题目的最大的体积。在健康题目,近似胃的体积很快在滋养的注入以后回到了基线水平(中部 18 min ) 。相反,到基线的体积的恢复在非常有病的病人被推迟(中部 106 min ) 。在 6 个病人,体积没在滋养的注入以后回到基线水平 2 小时。在病人,底的体积波浪是不太经常的(P <
0.05 ) 并且有的更低的振幅(P <
0.001 ) ,与健康题目相比。结论:在重病,对小肠的滋养的刺激的近似胃的马达回答是反常的。 | Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Marianne Chapman Laura K Bryant Richard H Holloway Rosalie Vozzo Christine Feinle-Bisset | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，27： | 3 |
| 4 | Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘AIM: To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with long- standing type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Proximal gastric motility was assessed (using a barostat) in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (59 ± 3 years) during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure? (1 and 2 kcal/min), in random order, separated by 2 h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients (48 ± 5 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (28 ± 3 years). RESULTS: Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during 1 kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients (P < 0.05) but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than non- diabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying. | Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne Chapman Richard H Holloway | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 3 |
| 5 | Effect of interlamellar spacing on cementite dissolution during wire drawing of pearlitic steel wires显示文摘 | Wong Jong Nam Chul Min Bae Sei J Oh Soon-Ju Kwon | 2000 | Scripta Materialia2000，，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Effect of InterlamellarSpacing on Cementite Dissolution during Wire Drawing ofPearlitic Steel Wires 显示文摘 | Nam W J Bae C M Oh S J | 2000 | Scripta Mater2000，42，： | 2 |
| 7 | Effect of interlamellar spacing on cementite dissolution during wire drawing of pearlitic steel wires显示文摘 | Wong Jong Nam Chul Min Bae Sei J Oh | 2000 | Set Mater2000，42，： | 1 |
| 8 | Identification of three genetic loci controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘 | OH S A PARK J H LEE G I PACK K H PARK S K NAM H G | 1997 | Plant Journal1997，12，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction显示文摘 | SACHNEV V KIM H J NAM J | 2009 | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technolagy2009，19，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Strain rate dependence of deformation behavior of high-nitrogen austenitic steels显示文摘 | KIM Y S NAM S M KIM S J | 2007 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2007，，： | 1 |
| 11 | A new FPGA detailed routing approach via search-based Boolean satisfiability 显示文摘 | Nam G J Sakallah K A tenbar R A | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems2002，21，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of interlamellar spacing on cementite dissolution during wire drawing of pearlitic steel wires显示文摘 | Nam W J Bae C M Oh S J | 2000 | Scripta Mater2000，42，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Nucleation and growth behavior of chromium nitride film deposited on various substrates by magnetron sputtering显示文摘 | Jung M J Nam K H Jung Y M | 2003 | Surface and Coatings Technology2003，171，： | 1 |
| 14 | The mitochondrial death pathway and cardiac myocyte apoptosis显示文摘 | CROW M T MANI K NAM Y J | 2004 | Circ Res2004，95，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Multiresolution edge detection techniques显示文摘 | Park D J Nam K M Park R H | 1995 | Pattern Recognition1995，28，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Enhanced biological nutrients removal using the combined fixed-film reactor with bypass flow显示文摘 | NAM H U LEE J H KIM C W | 2000 | Wat Res2000，34，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Electro - magnetic Design of a Magneto - theological Damper 显示文摘 | NAM Y J PARK M K | 2009 | Journal of Intelligent Material Sys- tems and Structures2009，20，2： | 1 |
| 18 | A feedback linearizing control scheme for a PWM converter-inverter having a very small DC-link capacitor 显示文摘 | Jung J Lira S Nam K | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Ap- plications1999，35，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Mutations of beta-cateninand AXIN I genes are a late event in human hepatocellularcarcinogenesis显示文摘 | Park J Y Park W S Nam S W | 2005 | Liver Int2005，25，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Selected SALM(synaptic adhesionlike molecule)family proteins regulate formation显示文摘 | Mah W Ko J Nam J | 2010 | J Neurosci2010，30，16： | 1 |
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