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| 1 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 2 | 重症患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素研究显示文摘当机体营养摄取未达到代谢要求时就会导致营养不良,重症患者由于手术、烧伤及败血症等原因引起的机体蛋白和能量代谢的改变更加容易导致营养不良。肠内营养(EN)作为重症患者营养支持首选的方法,与肠外营养相比具有简便、成本低、感染并发症少及保护肠黏膜屏障等优势。 | 陈卫挺 陶福正 陈仁辉 | 2017 | 现代实用医学2017，29，2： | 5 |
| 3 | 糖尿病病人营养支持治疗的研究进展显示文摘糖尿病病人的代谢与营养需求之间相互关联,通过限制营养摄入来控制血糖易导致病人发生营养不良,感染加重,创面难愈合,入住监护室时间延长,病死率增高等一系列问题。研究表明,对糖尿病病人进行合理的营养支持治疗是必要而可行的,如何在营养支持治疗的同时做好血糖控制是实施的关键。糖尿病病人专用营养制剂的研究有着很好的应用前景。 | 汪成 李郑芳 | 2013 | 肠外与肠内营养2013，20，1： | 3 |
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