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| 1 | An insight into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘This review focuses on research findings in the area of diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection over the last few decades.The information based on published literature provides an update on these two aspects of HCV.HCV infection,previously called blood transmitted non-A,non-B infection,is prevalent globally and poses a serious public health problem worldwide.The diagnosis of HCV infection has evolved from serodetection of non-specific and low avidity anti-HCV antibodies to detection of viral nucleic acid in serum using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique.Current PCR assays detect viral nucleic acid with high accuracy and the exact copy number of viral particles.Moreover,multiplex assays using real-time PCR are available for identification of HCV-genotypes and their isotypes.In contrast to previous methods,the newly developed assays are not only fast and eco-nomic,but also resolve the problem of the window period as well as differentiate present from past infection.HCV is a non-cytopathic virus,thus,its pathogenesis is regulated by host immunity and metabolic changes including oxidative stress,insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in HCV pathogenesis.Cytotoxic lymphocytes demonstrate crucial activity during viral eradication or viral persistence and are influenced by viral proteins,HCV-quasispecies and several metabolic factors regulating liver metabolism.HCV pathogenesis is a very complex phenomenon and requires further study to determine the other factors involved. | Mohammad Irshad Dhananjay Singh Mankotia Khushboo Irshad | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 52 |
| 2 | ERK1/2 mediates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy induced by apelin-13显示文摘这研究的目的是在房间增长和肺腺癌的 autophagy 调查 apelin 的角色。在肺腺癌的 APJ 的在表示上被 immunohistochemistry 检测,当在肺癌症病人的血浆 apelin 水平被连接酶的 immunosorbent 试金测量时。我们的调查结果表明 apelin-13 显著地增加了 ERK1/2 的 phosphorylation, cyclin D1 的表示,联系微导管的蛋白质 1 轻链 3A/B (LC3A/B ) ,和 beclin1,并且证实 apelin-13 支持了 A549 房间增长并且经由 ERK1/2 发信号导致了 A549 房间 autophagy。而且,人的肺腺癌房间线 A549 的表面和光滑、光滑的 apelin-13 原因房间表面上有毛孔是在原子力量下面观察了显微镜学。这些结果建议 ERK1/2 发信号小径调停 apelin-13-induced 肺腺癌房间增长和 autophagy。在我们的试验性的条件下面,与 3-methyladenine 联系的 autophagy 不涉及房间增长。 | Li Yang Tao Su Deguan Lv FengXie Wei Liu Jiangang Cao Irshad Ali Sheikh Xuping Qin Lanfang Li Linxi Chen | 2014 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2014，46，2： | 15 |
| 3 | Immunogenicity of formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated infectious bursal disease virus in broiler chicks显示文摘Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was inactivated by two different chemicals—formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine (BEI). Formaldehyde was used at 0.1% and 0.2%, while BEI was used at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L. These four vaccines were tested for their efficiency in generating humoral immune response in different groups of broiler chicks. Both BEI-inactivated vaccines gave relatively higher antibody titers and were almost twice as efficient as formaldehyde-inactivated ones. | HABIB Mudasser HUSSAIN Iflikhar IRSHAD Hamid YANG Zong-zhao SHUAI Jiang-bing CHEN Ning | 2006 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2006，7，8： | 9 |
| 4 | 苗期重金属胁迫下蓖麻生长、生理和重金属积累效应显示文摘农业面源和重金属污染日益加剧,严重威胁农业生态环境与人类健康。探究作物对重金属的累积效应及生理机制对重金属污染的治理意义重大。本文以淄蓖5号为材料,研究重金属处理下(Cu、Zn、Cd,处理浓度分别为0、30、60、120 mg L^-1)蓖麻幼苗对各重金属的积累效应及相关生理机制,为重金属污染土壤的修复与防治奠定基础。重金属处理显著影响蓖麻植株的生长、生理及对重金属的积累。随着重金属浓度的增加,株高先增后降,在60 mg L^-1时达最大值;根长、鲜重、干重显著降低。叶片中SOD活性先降后增,在10 DAS(播种后天数)120 mg L^-1 Cu和Zn处理下活性最高,分别增加了45.5%和31.8%;POD活性在10 DAS先降后增,而在25 DAS和45 DAS显著增加,且POD活性随生长进程的推进增加显著。可溶性蛋白含量仅在120 mg L^-1 Cu处理下显著增加,分别增加了18.8%、66.7%和83.3%。MDA含量随着处理浓度的增加显著增加,随生育进程的推进而显著降低,且Cd处理下的MDA含量显著高于Cu和Zn处理。蓖麻植株对Cu、Zn、Cd的积累量随处理浓度的增加而递增,在120 mg L^-1浓度下积累量最大,其中对Zn的积累量最高,Cd次之,各器官对重金属的积累量表现为根>茎>叶。表明蓖麻对重金属具有一定的耐受性,蓖麻植株主要通过提高抗氧化酶活性缓解重金属胁迫;蓖麻对不同重金属的积累具有器官特异性;种植蓖麻可作为修复Cu、Zn、Cd等重金属污染土壤的有效途径之一。 | 吕冬梅 朱广龙 王玥 施雨 卢发光 任桢 刘昱茜 顾立峰 卢海潼 Irshad Ahmad 焦秀荣 孟天瑶 周桂生 | 2021 | 作物学报2021，47，4： | 9 |
| 5 | 基于三目视觉的自主导航拖拉机行驶轨迹预测方法及试验显示文摘为了实现自主导航拖拉机离开卫星定位系统时能够持续可靠工作,该文提出了基于三目视觉的拖拉机行驶轨迹预测方法。该方法将三目相机分解为长短基线2套双目视觉系统分时独立工作。通过检测相邻时刻农业环境中同一特征点的坐标变化反推拖拉机在水平方向上的运动矢量,并通过灰色模型预测未来时刻的运动矢量变化,最终建立不同速度下的前进方向误差模型。试验结果表明:拖拉机行驶速度为0.2 m/s时,46.5 s后前进方向误差超过0.1 m,对应行驶距离为9.3 m。行驶速度上升到0.5 m/s时,该时间和行驶距离分别降低到17.2 s和8.6 m。当行驶速度上升到0.8 m/s时,该时间和距离分别快速降低至8.5 s和6.8 m。行驶速度越高,前进方向误差增速越高。该方法可用于短时预测拖拉机的行驶轨迹,为自主导航控制提供依据。 | 田光兆 顾宝兴 Irshad Ali Mari 周俊 王海青 | 2018 | 农业工程学报2018，34，19： | 8 |
| 6 | Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis,lodging resistance,and winter wheat production in semiarid regions显示文摘Lodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat. In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0(CK), 15(US1), 30(US2), and 45(US3) mg L^-1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese(Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L^-1 Mn, 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+ 15 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS1), 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+30 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS2), and 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+45 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonialyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments. The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 and 0.06 g L^-1 , and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 . | Irshad AHMAD MENG Xiang-ping Muhammad KAMRAN Shahzad ALI Shakeel AHMAD LIU Tie-ning CAI Tie HAN Qing-fang | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘Present study outlines a comprehensive view of published information about the underlying mechanisms operational for progression of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection to development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). These reports are based on the results of animal experiments and human based studies. Although, the exact delineated mechanism is not yet established, there are evidences available to emphasize the involvement of HCV induced chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hepato steatosis and liver fibrosis in the progression of HCV chronic disease to HCC. Persistent infection with replicating HCV not only initiates several liver alterations but also creates an environment for development of liver cancer. Various studies have reported that HCV acts both directly as well as indirectly in promoting this process. Whereas HCV related proteins, like HCV core, E1, E2, NS3 and NS5A, modulate signal pathways dysregulating cell cycle and cell metabolism, the chronic infection produces similar changes in an indirect way. HCV is an RNA virus and does not integrate with host genome and therefore, HCV induced hepatocarcinogenesis pursues a totally different mechanism causing imbalance between suppressors and proto-oncogenes and genomic integrity. However, the exact mechanism of HCC inducement still needs a full understanding of various steps involved in this process. | Mohammad Irshad Priyanka Gupta Khushboo Irshad | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，36： | 7 |
| 8 | 巴基斯坦北部白沙瓦平原碱性火山岩同位素年龄及构造意义——包括一套年龄为26Ma的熔结凝灰岩显示文摘白沙瓦平原碱性火成岩省(Peshawar Plain Alkaline Igneous Province,PPAIP)岩体最新错石年龄首次证实,喜马拉雅新生代(渐新世)熔结凝灰岩火山活动时间为(26.7±0.8)Ma。其它数据表明火成岩省内裂谷相关岩浆作用 时期为二叠纪,持续时间为290-250 Ma。虽火成岩省内岩石从岩石学及地球化学上具典型裂谷特征,被认为与新 特提斯洋初期泛大陆边缘上的裂谷作用相关,但白沙瓦平原二叠纪地层并无与裂谷相关构造痕迹。因此,我们认 为受印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞影响,二叠纪裂谷相关构造被改造或分解。主地幔冲断层(MMT)和主边界冲断层 (MBT)间区域的缩短可能指示地下盐岭(Slat Range)蒸发岩向北伸展。喜马拉雅逆冲时期及之后白沙瓦平原新生 代晚期地层发育为逆冲带上的背驮式盆地。这些沉积地层覆盖了二叠纪裂谷相关构造的残存证据。火成岩省火 成岩经喜山期碰撞及新生代岩浆活动而变形变质,该岩浆活动除新发现的哥哈提(Gohati)火山作用外,还包括主地 幔冲断层(MMT)附近区域(如Malakand等)具交叉截切特征的花岗岩侵入作用。清格莱(Chingalai)片麻岩锆石测 年证实,白沙瓦平原前寒武纪基底中存在年龄为(816±70)Ma的岩石,其年龄与拉贾斯坦邦(Rajasthan platform)以南 1 000 km处马拉尼(Malani)火成岩省岩石年龄相对应。 | Irshad Ahmad 李美姣 | 2013 | 新疆地质2013，31，4： | 7 |
| 9 | Simultaneous removal of Cd(II)and As(III)from co-contaminated aqueous solution byα-FeOOH modified biochar显示文摘A novelα-FeOOH modified wheat straw biochar(α-FeOOH@BC)was developed and the findings of the current study showed thatα-FeOOH@BC is an efficient material for the simultaneous removal of cations(Cd(II))and anions(As(III))from aqueous solutions.The SEM,FTIR,and XRD analysis proved thatα-FeOOH@BC was covered byα-FeOOH.In the single adsorption system,the maximum adsorption capacities ofα-FeOOH@BC for Cd(II)and As(III)were 62.9 and 78.3 mg/g,respectively.In the dual adsorption system,the maximum adsorption capacities ofα-FeOOH@BC for Cd(II)and As(III)dropped to 39.3 and 67.2 mg/g,respectively.The adsorption capacities of Cd(II)and As(III)byα-FeOOH@BC were much higher by BC andα-FeOOH both in single and dual adsorbate system.The adsorption results were well fitted by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetics models.The Cd(II)and As(III)co-adsorption onα-FeOOH@BC had a competitive effect,and the dominant adsorption mechanisms were co-precipitation and ion exchange.Our study showed thatα-FeOOH@BC could be an effective remediation material for Cd(II)and As(III)co-adsorption from aqueous environment. | Sihang Zhu Ting Qu Muhammad Kashif Irshad Jianying Shang | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，1： | 7 |
| 10 | 患者就医美德知信行调查问卷的编制及信效度检验显示文摘目的 编制患者就医美德知识、态度、行为问卷,检验其信度、效度.方法 以KAP理论为指导框架,结合文献回顾、专家咨询及医护人员和卫生管理人员半开放式问卷调查,初步拟定问卷条目.通过200名患者的调查研究,检验问卷的信度、效度.结果 患者就医美德知信行问卷由3个维度、13个条目组成,主成分分析法提取3个公因子,累积方差贡献率为58.211%.总问卷的Cronbaeh α系数为0.822,内容效度为0.923.结论 编制的患者就医美德知信行调查问卷有较好的信度和效度. | 补珊 张文杰 李旎 HMA Irshad K Sony SSingh 张伟 | 2014 | 中国实用护理杂志2014，30，34： | 7 |
| 11 | 人参果胶酸性组分调控BDNF/TrkB信号通路抗抑郁样行为的研究显示文摘目的探讨了人参果胶酸性组分调控BDNF/TrkB信号通路抗抑郁样行为。方法强饲给予小鼠人参果胶酸性组分12天,通过开场实验,高架十字迷宫实验,社交干扰实验及强迫游泳实验评价其抗抑郁样行为,Western Blotting检测小鼠海马组织脑源性神经营养因子BDNF及其受体TrkB的蛋白表达。结果人参果胶酸性组分具有抗抑郁样活性,该表观有效性伴随着小鼠海马组织BDNF及其受体TrkB的蛋白表达增加。结论人参果胶酸性组分通过诱导小鼠海马BDNF及其受体TrkB的蛋白表达上调进而增加神经元的存活,影响神经元突触的可塑性发挥抗抑郁的作用。 | Hosenie Irshad 钱进军 张维宁 王春艳 鲁京欣 王文欣 陈嘉欣 査利晨 王佳 | 2016 | 时珍国医国药2016，27，7： | 7 |
| 12 | 水田土壤蠕变的粘弹性计算显示文摘为了利用水田土壤的本构关系进行各种数值计算,结合蠕变试验中采集到的数据,采用Matlab软件的拟合工具,得到了Burgers模型的粘弹性参数;针对ANSYS有限元软件的计算要求,推导了将其转化为Pro-ny级数形式的计算公式,根据试验环境,通过试修方法建立了合适的有限元模型。通过模拟与试验结果的比较说明:利用Prony级数方法得到的计算结果与试验结果误差不大于1%。Prony级数的转化公式方法简单,计算精确。 | 翟力欣 姬长英 丁启朔 Irshad Ali | 2010 | 浙江农业学报2010，22，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin显示文摘In this experiment conducted to study the inactivation dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by binary ethylenimine (BEI) in comparison with formalin, IBDV was isolated from the bursa of infected chickens and its confirmation was done by agar gel precipitation test. Viral suspensions were subjected to inactivation with BEI and formalin for pre-set time in-tervals. BEI was employed at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L while formalin was used at 0.1% and 0.2%. Sampling was done at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation and samples were tested for their inactivation status in 9-day-old embryonated eggs and 3-week-old broiler chickens. IBDV was completely inactivated by 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L BEI after 36 h of incubation at 37 °C, whereas formalin at 0.1% and 0.2% concentrations inactivated IBDV in 24 h. | HABIB M. HUSSAIN I. FANG W.H. RAJPUT Z.I. YANG Z.Z. IRSHAD H. | 2006 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2006，7，4： | 6 |
| 14 | Torque teno virus:Its prevalence and isotypes in North India显示文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence and genotype dis-tribution of Torque teno virus (TTV) in patients with different liver diseases and chronic renal failure treated at a referral hospital in North India. METHODS: Whereas prevalence of TTV was based on amplification of conserved region of ORF2 of TTV genome,the genotyping of TTV was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) procedure on the N22 region of ORF1. RESULTS: TTV-DNA was detected in 137 of 513 (26.7%) patients with liver diseases and 38 of 65 (58.5%) patients with chronic renal failure. TTV was also detected in 27% of healthy controls. The sequence analysis of the PCR product from 10 randomly selected cases failed to show a significant sequence divergence when compared with that of the TRM1 isolate of TTV genotype 1. The results of genotyping in 55 randomly selected patients showed the presence of genotype 1 (G1) in 53 (96.4%) and genotype 2 (G2) in 2 cases (3.6%),respectively. Other genotypes were not identified in this patient subgroup,suggesting that G1 is predominant in this area. The results of genotyping by RFLP were also supported by phylogenetic tree analysis,where G1 was found to be the major genotype. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that TTV is moderately present in Indian patients,with G1 to be the major genotype in North India. The pathogenicity and etiological role of TTV in different diseases is still a question mark and warrant further studies. | Mohammad Irshad Shiwani Singh Khushboo Irshad Sanjay Kumar Agarwal Yogendra Kumar Joshi | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，39： | 5 |
| 15 | 酸枣根系导管结构的可塑性对自然梯度干旱生境的适应机制显示文摘根系导管是植物吸收和输送水分的主要通道,导管的结构将最终决定其导水功能和效率,研究导管结构的可塑性是理解植物对干旱梯度适应机制的关键。以采自烟台-石家庄-银川-吐鲁番形成的自然梯度干旱生境中生长的酸枣植株为试验材料,采用离析法和植物显微技术,探究酸枣根次生木质部导管对梯度干旱生境适应的结构特征和机制。结果表明:酸枣根系次生木质部导管有6种类型,不同生境中同种导管的数量和形态差异较大。根据管尾情况可将导管分为三类:无尾型、一端有尾型和两端有尾型导管,且在结构上表现出特定的适应特征及规律。从烟台至吐鲁番随干旱加剧,根系中网纹导管管壁加厚,管尾变短;孔纹导管长度、宽度、直径减小,壁厚增加,管尾变长;螺纹导管长度变小,管壁变薄,管尾变短;梯纹导管长度、宽度和直径均降低,从无尾型向有尾型转变;木纤维长度、宽度变小,管壁变薄,管尾加长。与烟台样地的导管相比,石家庄、银川和吐鲁番样地的孔纹导管长度分别减小了17.63%、11.23%和7.67%;螺纹导管的管壁分别减小了20.2%、11.4%和14.6%;梯纹导管的长度和宽度分别减小了29.1%、37.6%、31.4%和20.7%、48.5%、28.6%;木纤维的长度分别减小了0.7%、1.5%和2.6%,宽度减小了2.2%、4.7%和5.4%,管壁厚度减小了33.2%、29.3%和22.1%。说明酸枣植株根系导管的可塑性较大,导管形态和结构的变化利于水分和养分的高效吸收和转运。导管长度、管壁和管尾的变化增强了根系的韧性和伸展能力,利于根系深扎、吸收深层土壤中的水分并快速补充植株在干旱环境中的蒸腾散失,从而适应干旱生境,保证植株的正常生长和代谢。 | 朱广龙 陈许兵 Irshad Ahmad 刘家玮 智文芳 焦秀荣 周桂生 | 2018 | 土壤学报2018，55，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Multiplex qPCR for serodetection and serotyping of hepatitis viruses: A brief review显示文摘The present review describes the current status of multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) assays developed and used globally for detection and subtyping of hepatitis viruses in body fluids. Several studies have reported the use of multiplex q PCR for the detection of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis A virus(HAV), hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV), hepatitis D virus(HDV), and hepatitis E virus(HEV). In addition, multiplex q PCR has also been developed for genotyping HBV, HCV, and HEV subtypes. Although a single step multiplex q PCR assay for all six hepatitis viruses, i.e., A to G viruses, is not yet reported, it may be available in the near future as the technologies continue to advance. All studies use a conserved region of the viral genome as the basis of amplification and hydrolysis probes as the preferred chemistries for improved detection. Based on a standard plot prepared using varying concentrations of template and the observed threshold cycle value, it is possible to determine the linear dynamic range and to calculate an exact copy number of virus in the specimen. Advantages of multiplex q PCR assay over singleplex or other molecular techniques in samples from patients with co-infection include fast results, low cost, and a single step investigation process. | Mohammad Irshad Priyanka Gupta Dhananjay Singh Mankotia Mohammad Ahmad Ansari | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，20： | 5 |
| 17 | Emergency laparotomy in octogenarians: A 5-year study of morbidity and mortality显示文摘AIM: To determine the morbidity and mortality associated with emergency laparotomy for a clinically acute abdomen in patients aged ≥ 80 years. METHODS: In this retrospective audit, octogenarians undergoing emergency laparotomy between 1st January 2005 and 1 st January 2010 were identified using the Galaxy Theatre System. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery through groin crease incisions or Lanz or Gridiron incisions were excluded. Also simple appendectomies were excluded. All patients were aged 80 years or more at the time of their surgery. Data were obtained using casenote review with a standardised proforma to determine patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, indications for surgery, early (within 30 d) and late (after 30 d) complications, mortality and length of stay. Data were inserted into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed. RESULTS: One hundred patients were identified from the database (Galaxy) as having undergone emergency laparotomy. Of those, 55 underwent the procedure for intestinal procedures and 37 for secondary peritonitis.There was a 2:1 female predominance; average age 85 and ASA grade 3. Bowel resection was required in 51 out of the 100 patients and 22 (43%) died. Other procedures included appendicectomy, adhesiolysis, repair of AAA graft leak and colostomies for the pathological process resulting in an acute abdomen. Twelve of 100 patients (12%) suffered intra-operative complications, including splenic and bowel-serosal tears. Seventy patients (70%) had postoperative complications including myocardial infarction, wound infection, haematoma and sepsis. Overall mortality was 45/100 patients (45%). The major causes of death were sepsis (19/45 patients, 42%), underlying cancer (13/45 patients, 29%); with others including bowel obstruction (2/45 patients, 4%), myocardial and intestinal ischaemia and dementia. CONCLUSION: Emergency laparotomy in octogenarians carries a significant morbidity and mortality. In particular, surgery requiring bowel resection has higher mortality than without resection. | Gemma Green Irshad Shaikh Roland Fernandes Henk Wegstapel | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2013，5，7： | 4 |
| 18 | Mechanical strength of wheat grain varieties influenced by moisture content and loading rate显示文摘Mechanical shear resistance of wheat grain is a significant concern for the designers and researchers related to the design of threshing,handling and processing machinery of the field crops.The grain mechanical properties directly affect the machine geometry and its operational parameters.The present study was carried out to determine the shear resistance of five wheat varieties(Locally names;TD-02,Sindhu-1105,Benazir,China and SKD-118)influenced by moisture content(16.7%,18.7%and 19.5%)and loading rate(3 mm/s,6 mm/s and 9 mm/s).However,some physio-dimensional properties(length,width,thickness,slenderness ratio,surface area and sphericity)were obtained at different moisture contents.The results showed that the shear resistance reduced by increasing the moisture content and loading rate.The average shear resistance decreased from 10.45 N to 3.74 N for 3-9 mm/s loading rate at moisture content of 16.7%to 19.5%.Thus,the maximum correlation(r=0.905)of shear resistance obtained at 16.7%,whereas minimum correlation(r=0.692)obtained at 19.5%.The shear resistance of wheat grain was highly significant(p<0.05)at 9 mm/s for 19.5%.Shear resistance decreased with an increase in the moisture content in the grain whereas deformation is increasing with the increase of moisture content.However,the maximum bulk density of wheat grain obtained at 19.5%for SKD-118,while the minimum obtained at 16.7%for TD-02.It is recommended that the design and modification of wheat grain processing equipment should be executed on the physio-mechanical properties of grain varieties. | Yaoming Li Farman Ali Chandio Zheng Ma Imran Ali Lakhiar Abdul Razaque Sahito Fiaz Ahmad Irshad Ali Mari Umer Farooq Muhammad Suleman | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，4： | 4 |
| 19 | An unusual presentation of sclerosing mesenteritis as pneumoperitoneum: Case report with a review of the literature显示文摘Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare condition that involves the small or large bowel mesentery. An unusual presentation of this condition, which led to difficult preoperative assessment and diagnosis, is described. This report is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature. | Sumita Chawla Satheesh Yalamarthi Irshad A Shaikh Veena Tagore Paul Skaife | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density显示文摘Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide.In this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density.We compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.The optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin content.The application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.Internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging percentage.In conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density. | Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2023，22，2： | 3 |
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