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| 1 | State-of-the-art review of soft computing applications in underground excavations显示文摘Soft computing techniques are becoming even more popular and particularly amenable to model the complex behaviors of most geotechnical engineering systems since they have demonstrated superior predictive capacity,compared to the traditional methods.This paper presents an overview of some soft computing techniques as well as their applications in underground excavations.A case study is adopted to compare the predictive performances of soft computing techniques including eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines(MARS),Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),and Support Vector Machine(SVM) in estimating the maximum lateral wall deflection induced by braced excavation.This study also discusses the merits and the limitations of some soft computing techniques,compared with the conventional approaches available. | Wengang Zhang Runhong Zhang Chongzhi Wu Anthony Teck Chee Goh Suzanne Lacasse Zhongqiang Liu Hanlong Liu | 2020 | Geoscience Frontiers2020，11，4： | 33 |
| 2 | High-frequency interference in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe piles显示文摘The high-frequency interference exists obviously in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe pile when a transientpoint load is applied. An analytical solution of vertical vibratory response of large-diameter pipe piles in low strain testing isdeduced in this paper. The analytical solution is verified by both numerical simulation and model test results. The time-domainvelocity responses on pile top are analyzed. The calculation results indicate that the time-domain responses at various pointssuffer different high-frequency interferences, thus the peak values and phases of different points are different. The influence ofvibratory modes on high-frequency interference is analyzed. It is found that the high-frequency interference at 90° point main-ly derives from the second flexural mode, but for other points it mainly originates from the first flexural mode. The factors af-fecting the frequency and peak value of interference waves have been investigated in this study. The results indicate that thelarger radius angle between the receiving and 90° points leads to greater peak value of high frequency wave crest. The leasthigh-frequency interference is detected at the angle of 90°. The frequency of interference waves is decreased with the increaseof pile radius, while the peak value is almost constant. The frequency is also related to pile modulus, i.e. the larger pile modu-lus results in greater frequency. The peak value varies with impulse width and soil resistance, i.e., the wider impulse width andlarger soil resistance cause smaller peak value. In conclusion, the frequency of interference waves is dependent on the geomet-rical and mechanics characteristics of the piles such as pile radius and modulus, but independent of the external conditionssuch as impulse width and soil resistance. On the other hand, the peak value of interference waves is mainly dependent on theexternal conditions but independent of the geometrical and mechanics characteristics of the piles. In practice, some externalmeasures should be adopted to weaken high-frequency interference such as using soft hammer, hammer cushion and adoptingsuitable receiving point. | DING XuanMing LIU HanLong ZHANG Bo | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，2： | 19 |
| 3 | A 3D bounding surface model for rockfill materials显示文摘A 3D bounding surface model is established for rockfill materials,which can be applied to appropriately predict the deformation and the stabilization of rockfill dams.Firstly,an associated plastic flow rule for rockfill materials is investigated based on the elaborate data from the large-style triaxial compression tests and the true triaxial tests.Secondly,the constitutive equations of the 3D bounding surface model are established by several steps.These steps include the bounding surface incorporating the general nonlinear strength criterion,stress-dilatancy equations,the evolution of the bounding surface and the bounding surface plasticity.Finally,the 3D bounding surface model is used to predict the mechanical behaviors of rockfill materials from the large-style triaxial compression tests and the true triaxial tests.Consequently,the proposed 3D bounding surface model can well capture such behaviors of rockfill materials as the strain hardening,the post-peak strain softening,and the volumetric strain contraction and expansion in both two-and three-dimensional stress spaces. | XIAO Yang LIU HanLong ZHU JunGao SHI WeiCheng LIU MengCheng | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，11： | 16 |
| 4 | A new elliptic-parabolic yield surface model revised by an adaptive criterion for granular soils显示文摘An adaptive criterion for shear yielding as well as shear failure of soils is proposed in this paper to address the fact that most criteria,including the Mohr-Coulomb criterion,the Lade criterion and the Matsuoka-Nakai criterion,cannot agree well with the experimental results when the value of the intermediate principal stress parameter is too big.The new criterion can adjust an adaptive parameter based on the experimental results in order to make the theoretical calculations fit the test results more accurately.The original elliptic-parabolic yield surface model can capture both soil contraction and dilation behaviors.However,it normally over-predicts the soil strength due to its application of the Extended Mises criterion.A new elliptic-parabolic yield surface mode is presented in this paper,which introduces the adaptive criterion in three-dimensional principal stress space.The new model can well model the stress-strain behavior of soils under general stress conditions.Compared to the original model which can only simulate soil behavior under triaxial compression conditions,the new model can simulate soil behaviors under both triaxial compression conditions and general stress conditions. | LIU HanLong 1,2 ,XIAO Yang 1,2 ,LIU JinYuan 3 &LI GuoYing 4 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering,Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China 2 Geotechnical Research Institute,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 3Department of Civil Engineering,Ryerson University,Toronto,Canada 4 Department of Geotechnical Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210014,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 12 |
| 5 | Modeling and behaviours of rockfill materials in three-dimensional stress space显示文摘A bounding surface model incorporating a unified nonlinear strength criterion is proposed.The proposed bounding surface model contains 9 model parameters,which can be determined from the conventional triaxial tests.The bounding surface model can reproduce such behaviours as the strain hardening,the post-peak strain softening,and the volumetric strain contraction and expansion.Based on the comparisons between the predictions and the test results,the proposed strength criterion and model can well reproduce the experimental results of the strength and stress-strain behaviours of rockfill material in three-dimensional stress space.The strength behaviour of rockfill material is summarized as:(a) the failure stress ratio decreases with the initial confining pressure on the meridian plane;(b) the failure deviatoric stress decreases with the Lode angle from 0o to 60o on the deviatoric plane.The stress ratio decreases with increasing one of such factors as the initial void ratio,the intermediate principal stress ratio and the minor principal stress at the same strain when the other factors are given. | XIAO Yang LIU HanLong ZHU JunGao SHI WeiCheng | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，10： | 10 |
| 6 | Dilatancy equation of rockfill material under the true triaxial stress condition显示文摘Rockfill material is widely used for construction of high rockfill dam due to its facility,economical cost,high strength and effective aseismatic property.It is provoked profoundly to propose a suitable constitutive model for a better application of this material.The dilatancy equation of rockfill material plays a significant role in the constitutive model.For the sake of simplicity,a dilatancy equation is established by the linear least square method on the basis of the rearranged data of rockfill material in the true triaxial tests.Based on the fact that the rearranged data at different initial confining pressures are aligned in a narrow band,the dilatancy behavior of rockfill material is independent of the initial confining pressure.However,different from the initial confining pressure,both the intermediate principal stress ratio and the specimen density exhibit a remarkable influence on the dilatancy behaviors of rockfill material.Furthermore,the predictions of the proposed dilatancy equation are in a good agreement with the rearranged test data of rockfill material at different specimen densities and stress paths. | XIAO Yang 1,2,LIU HanLong 1,2,ZHU JunGao 1,2 & SHI WeiCheng 1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 2 Geotechnical Research Institute,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 3 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Changzhou Institute of Technology,Changzhou 213002,China | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，S1： | 9 |
| 7 | Shear behavior of coarse aggregates for dam construction under varied stress paths显示文摘Coarse aggregates are the major infrastructure materials of concrete-faced rock-fill dams and are consolidated to bear upper and lateral loads. With the increase of dam height, high confining pressure and complex stress states complicate the shear behavior of coarse aggregates, and thus impede the high dam's proper construction, operation and maintenance. An experimental program was conducted to study the shear behavior of dam coarse aggregates using a large-scale triaxial shear apparatus. Through triaxial shear tests, the strain-stress behaviors of aggregates were observed under constant confining pressures: 300 kPa, 600 kPa, 900 kPa and 1200 kPa. Shear strengths and aggregate breakage characteristics associated with high pressure shear processes are discussed. Stress path tests were conducted to observe and analyze coarse aggregate response under complex stress states. In triaxial shear tests, it was found that peak deviator stresses increase along with confining pressures, whereas the peak principal stress ratios decrease as confining pressures increase. With increasing confining pressures, the dilation decreases and the contraction eventually prevails. Initial strength parameters (Poisson’s ratio and tangent modulus) show a nonlinear relationship with confining pressures when the pressures are relatively low. Shear strength parameters decrease with increasing confining pressures. The failure envelope lines are convex curves, with clear curvature under low confining pressures. Under moderate confining pressures, dilation is offset by particle breakage. Under high confining pressures, dilation disappears. | Liu Hanlong Deng An Shen Yang | 2008 | Water Science and Engineering2008，1，1： | 9 |
| 8 | Time-domain solution for transient dynamic response of a large-diameter thin-walled pipe pile显示文摘The propagation of stress waves in a large-diameter pipe pile for low strain dynamic testing cannot be explained properly by traditional 1D wave theories. A new computational model is established to obtain a wave equation that can describe the dynamic response of a large-diameter thin-walled pipe pile to a transient point load during a low strain integrity test. An analytical solution in the time domain is deduced using the separation of variables and variation of constant methods. The validity of this new solution is verifi ed by an existing analytical solution under free boundary conditions. The results of this time domain solution are also compared with the results of a frequency domain solution and fi eld test data. The comparisons indicate that the new solution agrees well with the results of previous solutions. Parametric studies using the new solution with reference to a case study are also carried out. The results show that the mode number affects the accuracy of the dynamic response. A mode number greater than 10 is required to enable the calculated dynamic responses to be independent of the mode number. The dynamic response is also greatly affected by soil properties. The larger the side resistance, the smaller the displacement response and the smaller the refl ected velocity wave crest. The displacement increases as the stress waves propagate along the pile when the pile shaft is free. The incident waves of displacement and velocity responses of the pile are not the same among different points in the circumferential direction on the pile top. However, the arrival time and peak value of the pile tip refl ected waves are almost the same among different points on the pile top. | Ding Xuanming Liu Hanlong Chu Jian Cheng Ke | 2015 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2015，14，2： | 8 |
| 9 | Pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion under anisotropic initial stress: Elastic solution and its application显示文摘This paper presents an elastic solution to the pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion problem under the anisotropic stress conditions. The problem is formulated by the assumption that an initial elliptical cavity is expanded under a uniform pressure and subjected to an in-plane initial horizontal pressure Kσ_0 and vertical pressure σ_0 at infinity. A conformal mapping technique is used to map the outer region of the initial elliptical cavity in the physical plane onto the inner region of a unit circle in the phase plane. Using the complex variable theory, the stress functions are derived; hence, the stress and displacement distributions around the elliptical cavity wall can be obtained. Furthermore, a closed-form solution to the pressure-expansion relationship is presented based on the elastic solution to the stress and displacement. Next, the proposed analytical solutions are validated by comparing with the Kirsch's solution and the finite element method(FEM). The solution to the presented pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion can be applied to two cases in practice. One is to employ the solution to the interpretation of the shear modulus of the soil or rocks and the in-situ stress in the pre-bored pressuremeter test under the lateral anisotropic initial stress condition. The other is the interpretation of the membrane expansion of a flat dilatometer test using the pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion solution. The two cases in practice confirm the usefulness of the present analytical solution. | ZHOU Hang KONG GangQiang LIU HanLong | 2016 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2016，59，7： | 7 |
| 10 | Creep behavior of EPS composite soil显示文摘EPS composite soil is one type of premixed lightweight fills studied by numerous researchers.However,one aspect that has not been fully understood is the creep behaviors which may have significant effect on the design and application of EPS composite soil.In this paper,the results of a series of oedometer creep tests and triaxial undrained creep tests on EPS composite soil were presented.Four main influencing factors were identified and their effects on the creep behaviors of EPS composite soil were studied.Three well established creep models,namely,Findley model,Singh & Mitchell model,and Mesri model,were used to simulate the creep behavior of EPS composite soil.This study shows that the Findley creep model fits the test results the best.A semi-empirical creep model was also proposed to model the creep behavior under axisymmetric conditions.In this model,the creep strain was divided into instant and viscous elastic strain as well as instant and viscous plastic strain which were simulated by element models and empirical equations,respectively.It was shown that the proposed creep model was able to precisely predict the creep strain of EPS composite soil. | GAO HongMei CHEN YuMin LIU HanLong LIU JinYuan CHU Jian | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，11： | 7 |
| 11 | Model predictions for behaviors of sand-nonplastic-fines mixtures using equivalent-skeleton void-ratio state index显示文摘It is a challenge to suggest a constitutive model for describing the stress-strain behavior of sand-fines mixtures due to that these granular mixtures exhibited very complex behaviors at different densities, pressures and fines contents. In this study, an elastoplastic constitutive model within the framework of the bounding surface plasticity and critical state theories was proposed for sand-nonplastic-fines mixtures by using the concept of the equivalent-skeleton void ratio and equivalent-skeleton void-ratio state index. The proposed model with a set of material constants calibrated from a few tests could be used to model the fines-dependent and state-dependent behaviors of the sand-nonplastic-fines mixture including the strain- softening and volumetric-expansion behaviors in the drained triaxial compression tests, and also the effects of fines content on the critical state lines in both the deviatoric stress versus mean effective stress and the void ratio versus mean effective stress planes. | XIAO Yang SUN YiFei LIU HanLong XIANG Jia MA QiFeng LONG LeiHang | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，6： | 7 |
| 12 | Modified Cam-Clay model incorporating unified nonlinear strength criterion显示文摘A unified nonlinear strength criterion(i.e UNS criterion) is proposed,for the sake of versatility,to capture the complex strength behaviors of frictional materials in geotechnical field.It covers wide ranges on the meridian and octahedral planes to describe nonlinear strength behaviors of soils.The Modified Cam-Clay model,incorporating the unified nonlinear strength criterion,is employed as an example to derive working mathematical equations and to illustrate yielding surfaces in three-dimensional stress space for improving the model's predictive capability.The unified nonlinear strength criterion,demonstrated here,is capable of capturing the experimental results of different types of soils on the meridian and octahedral planes.In addition,the revised model,based on this unified nonlinear strength criterion,though very simple,is versatile to predict the true triaxial test results from literature when considering the influences of the intermediate principal stress on strength and deformation under complex stress conditions. | XIAO Yang LIU HanLong LIANG Robert Y | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Model tests on XCC-piled embankment under dynamic train load of high-speed railways显示文摘Piled embankments,which offer many advantages,are increasingly popular in construction of high-speed railways in China.Although the performance of piled embankment under static loading is well-known,the behavior under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is not yet understood.In light of this,a heavily instrumented piled embankment model was set up,and a model test was carried out,in which a servo-hydraulic actuator outputting M-shaped waves was adopted to simulate the process of a running train.Earth pressure,settlement,strain in the geogrid and pile and excess pore water pressure were measured.The results show that the soil arching height under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is shorter than under static loading.The growth trend for accumulated settlement slowed down after long-term vibration although there was still a tendency for it to increase.Accumulated geogrid strain has an increasing tendency after long-term vibration.The closer the embankment edge,the greater the geogrid strain over the subsoil.Strains in the pile were smaller under dynamic train loads,and their distribution was different from that under static loading.At the same elevation,excess pore water pressure under the track slab was greater than that under the embankment shoulder. | Niu Tingting Liu Hanlong Ding Xuanming Zheng Changjie | 2018 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2018，17，3： | 6 |
| 14 | A constitutive model for the state-dependent behaviors of rockfill material considering particle breakage显示文摘The particle breakage during specimen compaction had more significant influence on the position of the breakage critical-state line(BCSL)of Tacheng rockfill material(TRM)in the e-lnp’plane than the particle breakage during shearing,based on the large-scale triaxial compression tests on TRM in a wide range of densities and pressures.The state-dependent dilatancy and the plastic modulus were correlated to the breakage index,based on the formulations of the BCSL of TRM in the e-lnp’plane.The state-dependent model considering particle breakage was proposed for TRM within the framework of the generalized plasticity theory.The proposed model contained fourteen material constants.The test data of TRM from Group A were adopted to determine these material constants,while the test data from Group B were used independently to validate the model predictive capacity.The comparisons between model simulations and test data illustrated that the model with consideration of particle breakage could well represent the stress-strain behaviors of TRM,e.g.,the strain hardening and volumetric contraction behaviors at a loose state and the strain softening and volumetric expansion behaviors at a dense state,and also the particle breakage behaviors of TRM. | XIAO Yang LIU HanLong YANG Gui CHEN YuMin JIANG JingShan | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，8： | 6 |
| 15 | Recurrent neural network-based volumetric fluorescence microscopy显示文摘Volumetric imaging of samples using fluorescence microscopy plays an important role in various fields including physical,medical and life sciences.Here we report a deep learning-based volumetric image inference framework that uses 2D images that are sparsely captured by a standard wide-field fluorescence microscope at arbitrary axial positions within the sample volume.Through a recurrent convolutional neural network,which we term as Recurrent-MZ,2D fluorescence information from a few axial planes within the sample is explicitly incorporated to digitally reconstruct the sample volume over an extended depth-of-field.Using experiments on C.elegans and nanobead samples,Recurrent-MZ is demonstrated to significantly increase the depth-of-field of a 63×/1.4NA objective lens,also providing a 30-fold reduction in the number of axial scans required to image the same sample volume.We further illustrated the generalization of this recurrent network for 3D imaging by showing its resilience to varying imaging conditions,including e.g.,different sequences of input images,covering various axial permutations and unknown axial positioning errors.We also demonstrated wide-field to confocal cross-modality image transformations using Recurrent-MZ framework and performed 3D image reconstruction of a sample using a few wide-field 2D fluorescence images as input,matching confocal microscopy images of the same sample volume.Recurrent-MZ demonstrates the first application of recurrent neural networks in microscopic image reconstruction and provides a flexible and rapid volumetric imaging framework,overcoming the limitations of current 3D scanning microscopy tools. | Luzhe Huang Hanlong Chen Yilin Luo Yair Rivenson Aydogan Ozcan | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，4： | 4 |
| 16 | New lightweight geomaterials:Biocemented sand mixed with expanded polystyrene beads显示文摘Lightweight geomaterial(LWGM)possesses such merit characteristics as low unit weight,environmental protection(recycling these materials instead of stockpiling them),buffering mechanical property and thermal insulation[1].LWGM,an attractive substitute for earth fills,can be applied in | XIAO Yang HE Xiang LIU HanLong | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，7： | 4 |
| 17 | Analysis and Comparison of Two Jumping Leg Models for Bioinspired Locust Robot显示文摘 | Ziqiang Zhang Diansheng Chen Kewei Chen Hanlong Chen | 2016 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2016，13，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Dynamic properties of polyurethane foam adhesive-reinforced gravels显示文摘Polyurethane foam adhesive(PFA)has been introduced as an alternative stabilizer in geotechnical applications because PFA can improve the engineering characteristics of soil by filling the pore space and generating adhesive bonding among the particles.However,the dynamic properties of PFA-reinforced soils are not well understood.To analyze the dynamic characteristics of PFA-reinforced gravels,a series of cyclic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the shear modulus and damping ratio of PFA-reinforced gravels,and to determine the corresponding effects of the PFA content,confining pressure,consolidation stress ratio and loading frequency.The results showed that the shear modulus increased,and the damping ratio decreased as the PFA content,confining pressure and consolidation stress ratio increased.In contrast,the effect of the loading frequency,which ranged from 0.05 to 1 Hz,was negligible.A modified hyperbolic empirical model can consider the effect of the PFA content on the maximum shear modulus and predict the relationship between the normalized shear modulus and the normalized shear strain was proposed.Moreover,the upper and lower bounds of the damping ratio were also proposed. | LIU Ping MENG MinQiang XIAO Yang LIU HanLong YANG Gui | 2021 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2021，64，3： | 3 |
| 19 | Influence of stress anisotropy on the cylindrical cavity expansion in undrained elastic-perfectly plastic soil显示文摘This work presents an analysis of the influence of stress anisotropy on cylindrical cavity expansions in an undrained elastic-perfectly plastic soil. This problem was formulated by assuming a large strain in both the elastic and plastic zones around the cavity and a plain strain condition during the cavity expansion process. The solutions for the limit pressure, stress, and excess pore pressure were obtained by introducing the anisotropic initial stress coefficient K_0 into the conventional cylindrical cavity expansion method.The proposed solutions were then used to interpret the piezocone penetration test, and the suitability of the solutions was verified by comparing the prediction with the piezocone penetration test data. Subsequently, parametric studies were carried out to investigate the influence of stress anisotropy on the stress, excess pores pressure distributions around an expanding cylindrical cavity, and limit pressure. The results show that the proposed cylindrical cavity expansion method under stress anisotropy is suitable and can be used to investigate the piezocone cone test. The present work improves upon the conventional theoretical framework of cavity expansion and can be applied to the determination of the stresses around axially loaded piles and around in-situ testing devices such as penetrometers. | ZHOU Hang LIU HanLong ZHA YaHui YIN Feng | 2018 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2018，61，3： | 3 |
| 20 | Seismic behaviors of utility tunnel-soil system: With and without joint connections显示文摘Seismic responses of utility tunnel-soil system were studied via shaking table model tests with considerations of two kinds of double box utility tunnels:with and without joint connections.These two testing utility tunnel models were made of galvanized iron wire and micro-concrete,and the ground was simulated by the dry standard sand through layered tamping treatment.The utility tunnel-soil system was subjected to horizontal vibration in uniaxial direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of tunnel model.Via instrumentations of earth pressure gauges,accelerometers and strain gauges,the earth pressure response,acceleration response and bending moment response were measured.The testing results show that the joint connections in the utility tunnel along the longitudinal direction play an important role in determining the characteristic of earth pressure response and bending moment response,whereas the effect of joint connections on acceleration response is less significant.In addition,the partition wall exhibits the consistent acceleration response with the side-wall of double box utility tunnel model under seismic condition.Based on the testing results,it is suggested that the joint connection should be taken reasonably into consideration during design and construction for engineering practice. | Liang Han Hanlong Liu Wengang Zhang Xuanming Ding Zhixiong Chen Li Feng Zhenyu Wang | 2022 | Underground Space2022，7，5： | 3 |
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