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| 1 | Endoscopy and polyps-diagnostic and therapeutic advances in management显示文摘Despite multiple efforts aimed at early detection through screening, colon cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with an estimated 51000 deaths during 2013 alone. The goal remains to identify and remove benign neoplastic polyps prior to becoming invasive cancers. Polypoid lesions of the colon vary widely from hyperplastic, hamartomatous and inflammatory to neoplastic adenomatous growths. Although these lesions are all benign, they are common, with up to one-quarter of patients over 60 years old will develop pre-malignant adenomatous polyps. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool to detect polyps and colon cancer, although several studies have demonstrated missed polyp rates from 6%-29%, largely due to variations in polyp size. This number can be as high as 40%, even with advanced (> 1 cm) adenomas. Other factors including sub-optimal bowel preparation, experience of the endoscopist, and patient anatomical variations all affect the detection rate. Additional challenges in decision-making exist when dealing with more advanced, and typically larger, polyps that have traditionally required formal resection. In this brief review, we will explore the recent advances in polyp detection and therapeutic options. | Scott R Steele Eric K Johnson Bradley Champagne Brad Davis Sang Lee David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Dana A Hayden Justin A Maykel | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，27： | 16 |
| 2 | Dual destructive and protective roles of adaptive immunity in neurodegenerative disorders显示文摘Inappropriate T cell responses in the central nervous system(CNS)affect the pathogenesis of a broad range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders that include,but are not limited to,multiple sclerosis,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.On the one hand immune responses can exacerbate neurotoxic responses;while on the other hand,they can lead to neuroprotective outcomes.The temporal and spatial mechanisms by which these immune responses occur and are regulated in the setting of active disease have gained significant recent attention.Spatially,immune responses that affect neurodegeneration may occur within or outside the CNS.Migration of antigen-specific CD4+T cells from the periphery to the CNS and consequent immune cell interactions with resident glial cells affect neuroinflammation and neuronal survival.The destructive or protective mechanisms of these interactions are linked to the relative numerical and functional dominance of effector or regulatory T cells.Temporally,immune responses at disease onset or during progression may exhibit a differential balance of immune responses in the periphery and within the CNS.Immune responses with predominate T cell subtypes may differentially manifest migratory,regulatory and effector functions when triggered by endogenous misfolded and aggregated proteins and cell-specific stimuli.The final result is altered glial and neuronal behaviors that influence the disease course.Thus,discovery of neurodestructive and neuroprotective immune mechanisms will permit potential new therapeutic pathways that affect neuronal survival and slow disease progression. | Kristi M Anderson Katherine E Olson Katherine A Estes Ken Flanagan Howard E Gendelman R Lee Mosley | 2014 | Translational Neurodegeneration2014，3，1： | 8 |
| 3 | 心血管疾病病死率与血清25-羟基维生素D浓度相关性研究显示文摘目的研究心衰死亡、心血管疾病死亡和过早死亡与血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]浓度的相关性。方法在第3次美国健康和营养调查中,1988~1994年为基线数据,纳入35岁以上参与者13 131名(男性6130名,女性7 001名),随访至2000年12月31日。结果随访8年期间,共有3 266人死亡(24.9%),其中心衰死亡101人,心血管疾病死亡1 451人,早死1 066人。心衰死亡者中有37%血清25(OH)D水平低于20ng/mL,非心衰死亡者为26%(P<0.001)。多元Cox模型显示,血清25(OH)D水平低于20ng/mL的心衰死亡风险是超过30ng/mL的2.06倍(95%CI:1.01~4.25)(P<0.001),过早死亡风险为1.40倍(95%CI:1.17~1.68;P<0.001);血清25(OH)D浓度20~29ng/mL的过早死亡风险是超过30ng/mL的1.11倍(95%CI:0.93~1.33)。结论血清25(OH)D水平不足的成年人死于心血管病、心衰和过早死亡的风险较高。 | 刘隆健 魏敏 陈明 Shelley R Hankins Ana E.Nùez Robert A Watson Perry J Weinstock Craig J.Newschaffer Howard J Eisen 邹强 杨书 陈卫中 | 2013 | 成都医学院学报2013，8，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Charles S Fuchs Jiri Tomasek Cho Jae Yong Filip Dumitru Rodolfo Passalacqua Chanchal Goswami Howard Safran Lucas Vieira dos Santos Giuseppe Aprile David R Ferry Bohuslav Melichar Mustapha Tehfe Eldar Topuzov John Raymond Zalcberg Ian Chau William Campbell | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，9911： | 3 |
| 5 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9493)2005，，： | 3 |
| 6 | Listeria monocytogenes following orthotopic liver transplantation:Central nervous system involvement and review of the literature显示文摘Listeria monocytogene is a well-recognized cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised individuals,including solid organ transplant recipients,but has been rarely reported following orthotopic liver transplantation. We describe a case of listeria meningitis that occurred within a week after liver transplantation. The patient developed a severe headache that mimicked tacrolimus encephalopathy,and was subsequently diagnosed with listeria meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid culture. The infection was successfully treated with three-week course of intravenous ampicillin. Recurrent hepatitis C followed and was successfully treated with interferon alfa and ribavirin. Fourteen cases of listeriosis after orthotopic liver transplantation have been reported in the English literature. Most reported cases were successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin. There were four cases of listeria meningitis,and the mortality of them was 50%. Early detection and treatment of listeria meningitis are the key to obtaining a better prognosis. | Shugo Mizuno Ivan R Zendejas Alan I Reed Robin D Kim Richard J Howard Alan W Hemming Denise C Schain Consuelo Soldevila-Pico Roberto J Firpi Shiro Fujita | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，32： | 2 |
| 7 | Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Charles S Fuchs Jiri Tomasek Cho Jae Yong Filip Dumitru Rodolfo Passalacqua Chanchal Goswami Howard Safran Lucas Vieira dos Santos Giuseppe Aprile David R Ferry Bohuslav Melichar Mustapha Tehfe Eldar Topuzov John Raymond Zalcberg Ian Chau William Campbell | 2014 | 2014 (9911)2014，，9911： | 2 |
| 8 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9493： | 2 |
| 9 | Clinical features of ischemia in cerebral arterial border zones after periods of reduced cerebral blood flow显示文摘 | Howard R Trend P Russell RWR | 1987 | Arch of Neurol1987，44，： | 1 |
| 10 | Enhanced induction of RPE lineage markers in pluripotent neural stem cells engrafted into the adult rat subretinal space 显示文摘 | Enzmann V Howard R M Yamauchi Y | 2003 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2003，44，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Vaccination of boars with a GnRH(Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance显示文摘 | Dunshea F R Colantoni C Howard H | 2001 | J Anim Sci2001，79，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) 显示文摘 | Festa A D'Agostino R Jr Howard G | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin-resistance syndrome: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS)显示文摘 | Festa A D Agostino R Jr Howard G | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Chronic sub-clinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syn-drome:the insulin restance atherosclerosis study(IRSA)显示文摘 | Festa A D Agostion R J R Howard G | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，： | 1 |
| 15 | Flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh pepper(capsicum annuum)cultivars 显示文摘 | Lee Y Howard L R Villalon B | 1995 | Journal of Food Science1995，60，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Chronic sub clinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syn drome: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS) 显示文摘 | Festa A D'Agostino R Jr Howard G | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Improving call bell response times显示文摘 | Digby R Bloomer M Howard T | 2011 | Nurs Older People2011，23，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Theoretical evaluation of high-energy lithium metal phosphate cathode materials in Li-ion batteries显示文摘 | Howard W F Spontnitz R M | 2007 | Journal of Power Sources2007，165，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Identification of solar sources of major geomagnetic storms between 1996 and 2000显示文摘 | Zhang J Dere K P Howard R A | 2003 | Astrophysical Jouranal2003，582，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Chronic subclinical in- flammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome:the Insu- lin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) 显示文摘 | Festa A D'Agostino R Howard G | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，1： | 1 |
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